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一．形容词
（一）认识形容词（后缀）
1.-ful, careful, helpful,useful
2.-less, careless,homeless,helpless,useless
3.-able,-ible, comfortable, probable,enjoyable,possible,impossible
4.-al, international, national, traditional
5.-ive, expensive, active
6.-ous, famous, dangerous
7.-ly, friendly,lovely, weekly,monthly
（二）以-ly结尾的形容词
1.与人有关，像...样的， 如friendly, motherly, manly，childly,womanly
2.与日期有关，每...的， 如monthy,yearly,weekly,
3.与抽象名词结合，充满...的 如lonely,lively活泼的,lovely可爱的
（三）形容词的用法
一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容
词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
【难点】
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,不能做定语修饰名词，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。
二）形容词的种类
1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：
The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。
2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：
She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
3. -ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如：interesting
4. –ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如：interested。She looked tired.
不排除：
The man is interesting.这个人很有趣。The man is interested in story.
He is frightened.他很害怕。 He is frightening.他很吓人。
An excited look心情激动的表情 an exciting look令人激动的表情
5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的 hard-working
练习：1. Dracula and Frankenstein are＿＿C＿＿＿film characters.
A. frighten B. frightened C. frightening D. frightenly
2.He is _______ in _______ books. B
A.interesting,interested B.interested,interesting
三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置
1、形容词在句中主要可用作：
1）定语：What a fine day!
2）表语：She looks happy.
3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？
4）状语：He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。
2、形容词在句中的位置：
有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。
1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为：
（限定词a/an/the）→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→（名词）。
a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden reading room.
以这个例子编一句顺口溜：
美小圆旧黄，法木阅览室。
如：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。
练习： Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife. B
A. small black new leather B. small new black leather
C. leather small black new D. black small new leather
【重点】
2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：
The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？
二．副词
（一）认识副词（后缀）
1.-ly, carefully，helpfully,happily
（二）以-ly结尾的副词
类似hard(adv&adj),hardly(adv)两者意义不同的词组还有
意思区别很大的：late迟到,lately最近;pretty=very非常；prettily漂亮地；
You have come too late.你来得太晚了。
Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗？ Latest news
The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。
The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩穿着总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。
意思区别相近的，分别表示具体跟抽象的意思：close（具体距离上的）接近地、紧挨地,closely（抽象）亲密地；high(具体高度)高地，highly（抽象）高度地，赞赏地；deep（空间的，具体）深度，deeply（抽象，感情上的）深深地；wide具体距离很宽,widely广泛地
They sat close together
Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad? Mather
The kites fly high in the sky.
His teachers think very highly of him.(老师们很欣赏他。）老师对他评价很高.
He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。
Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。
The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。
We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。
Eg: 1.Dr Kelly walked _____ to the window to watch _____ the short man shopping on the street.
A.close;closely B. closely;close
C.close;close D.closely;closely
2.He sits _____ to his father, but he is ______to mother ,he loves his mother more.
A.close;closely B. closely;close
C.close;close D.closely;closely
3.The space ship flew _____ in the space, and all the people around the world speak _____ of our country.
A.highly;highly B. high;high
C.high;highly D.highly;high
（三）副词的用法
一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如： not（不），here（这里），now（现在）。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如：
Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？
He will arrive before ten o’clock. （介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。
二）副词的种类
1、时间副词有三类：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词
1）表示发生时间的副词：
It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！
2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实之前义动词:
She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词：
He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2、地点副词：
1）有不少表示地点的副词：
She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：
①用作介词：Stand up! 起立！
②用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
3）以where 构成的副词也是地点副词：
It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
【重点】
3、方式副词
1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：
How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。
2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：
She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：
He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
【重点】
4、程度副词和强调副词
1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”： Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗？
[说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b):
a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确
b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快
【重点】
2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：
a. 修饰形容词等：
I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
b. 修饰比较级：
You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
【重点】
5. 疑问副词和连接副词
1）疑问副词： 疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：
how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？
where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？
when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？
why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？
2）连接副词： 连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：
how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）
when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）
why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）
6. 一些其它类型的副词，如表示方向的副词：
Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。
Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。
三）副词的位置
1. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：
Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。
I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。
Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：
These flowers are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。
He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。
▲ 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。
3. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：
We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。
[说明] ①形容词一般修饰名词，副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。②一些形容词后加上-ly可以变成副词，如slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully等。
三． 形容词变副词
形容词变副词规律小结
规则变化
范围
变化规则
例词
大部分形容词
加ly
careless----carelessly
quiet----quietly/different----differently
以le结尾的形容词
变le为ly
possible----possibly
terrible----terribly
comfortable----comfortably
gentle----gently、simple----simply
以y结尾的形容词
变y为ily
easy----easily、angry----angrily
noisy----noisily、happy----happily
heavy----heavily、healthy----healthily
不规则变化
本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变
fast----fast、early----early
high----high、hard----hard
late----late、far----far
wide----wide、alone----alone
形容词和副词为完全不同的单词
good----well
初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词
true----truly
虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词
Friendly/ively/lovely/lonely
Likely很有可能的/monthly
有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。但加不加ly意思不一样，使用时需注意
wide(形容词，宽阔的，睁大的)----wide(副词，睁大地)/widely(副词，广泛地),late(形容词，晚的)-----late(副词，晚地)，lately（最近）high(形容词，高的)----high(副词，高地)/highly(副词，高度地)
特别容易犯错的副词
形容词
副词
备注
hard
hard
hard副词容易写成hardly, hardly意思为“几乎不”，与hard无任何关系
friendly
无
不能用friendly直接修饰动词，只能改成in a friendly
way“用一种友好的方式”。如：
He smiled at me in a friendly way.
excited
excitedly
容易拼错
healthy
healthily
容易拼错
polite
politely
不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, nicely, closely,
三． 基础练习题
（一）用所给词的正确形式填空
A
1. The Greens are _____ (happy) to live in this _____(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.
2. The panda has been ______ (die) for about two months.
3. I like her dress. It looks very ______ (beauty).
4. Don’t feel ______ (worry) about your child. The whole class would be ______ (friend) to the new classmate.
5. The ______ (finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.
6. It’s _____ (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
7. It’s a _____ (please) trip for all of us.
8. The children in China are living a _____ (color) life.
9. It was an _____ (amaze) match. It amazed us.
10.He felt very _____ (sleep) and fell ____ (sleep) soon when he lay in bed.
11.We all had a very _____ (enjoy) time at the party.
B
1.I don’t like him and it would be ______________ of me to do the opposite. (honest)
2.Our holidays in Thailand were really ______________ and unforgettable. (enjoy)
3.The government is doing everything possible to help those ______________ people after the earthquake. (home)
4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard ______________. (clear)
5.The war made millions of people ______________. (home)
6.What is the most ______________ animal in the forest? (power)
7.It is ______________ to travel by train than by air. (cheap)
8.It is ______________ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible)
9._________, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. (sad)
10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining ______________ outside. (heavy)
11.Jack is such a ______________ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)
12.It is not ______________ to eat food with Sudan I (苏丹红1号). (safely)
13.Lily is ______________ enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck)
14.We’d better drive our cars ______________ on rainy days. (slow)
15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something ______________ at once. (usual)
（二）选择最佳答案
( )1. These oranges taste_______.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
( )2. I can’t pay ________ as he asked for.
A. a as high price B.as a high price C.as high price D.as high a price
( )3. — We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ?
— I have to do many things this evening . I’m _______ , you see .
A. free B. glad C. sorry D. busy
( )4. —Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
—OK. Let’s give him ___ to eat.
A. something different B. different anything
C. anything different D. different something
( )5.The ____ person is talking with the doctor.
A. ill坏的可作定语、病的不可做 B. sick C. illness D. sickness
( )5.We shouldn’t buy the ____ bananas ,because eating them can make us feel _____.
A. ill,sick B. sick ,ill C. ill,ill D. ill,illness
( ) 6. The day is bright and _______ . Let’s go for a walk .
A. sunny B. dark C. cloudy D. windy
( ) 7. Look ! _______ beautiful that lake is !
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
( ) 8. ---I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
--- I won't, ______.
A. neither B. either C. too D. also
( ) 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _____.
A. too B. either C. neither D. also
( ) 10.That maths problem is ______ difficult ______ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but
（ ）10.That maths problem is ______ easy______ work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but
（ ）10.That maths problem is difficult ________ ______ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. enough;that
( ) 11. —What’s on the desk?
—It’s ____ .
A. a new green bag B. new green bag C. a green mew bag D. a bag new green
( ) 12. The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___.
A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly
( ) 13. He____ to school to clean his classroom.
A. always comes early B. comes always early
C. always early comes D. come always earlier
( ) 14. I got up____today.
A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late
( ) 15. Alice___goes to school at seven.
A. usual B. usually C. hard D. a little
（ ）16. I haven’t seen＿＿＿＿＿this since I collected stamps.
A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp as
词性变换：1.dishonest 2.enjoyable 3.homeless 4.clearly 5.homeless 6.powerful
7.cheaper 8.impossible 9.Sadly 10.heavily 11.forgetful 12.safe 13.lucky 14.slowly 15.unusual
ADDABC ABBACAD AAADBA
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