深圳中考英语试卷试题答案及解析 16页

‎2018深圳中考英语试题 ‎(满分：85分 时间：80分钟)‎ 第一部分选择题（60分）‎ I.词汇测试（15分）‎ i.从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共8小题，每小题1分）‎ ( ) 1. ‎--- More than 400 street gardens will be built in Shenzhen next year.‎ ‎--- Good news! Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ ‎ A. Over B. Around C. Nearly ( ) 2. ‎--- Tim, you spend too much time on computers. It’s harmful to your eyes.‎ ‎ --- I see. Thank you. I'll do more sports instead.‎ A. is good for B. is bad for C. is useful to ( ) 3. ‎--- Hi, John! Would you like to go hiking with me tomorrow?‎ ‎ --- Sounds great! It's a good way to keep fit.‎ A. lively B. active C. healthy ( ) 4. ‎--- Mr. Li, I feel a little nervous before the coming exam.‎ ‎ --- You’d better take a break from studies and relax yourself.‎ A. rest B. breath C. walk ( ) 5. ‎---1 dream to be a great dancer when I grow up.‎ ‎ ---That’s great. But it requires confidence and a lot of practice.‎ A. gets B. has C. needs ( ) 6. ‎--- Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the Concert Hall?‎ ‎ ---Sure. Go down the street, and you’ll find it close to the Book City.‎ ‎ A. behind B. opposite C. near ( ) 7. ‎--- Tony, have you got any plan for the summer vacation?‎ ‎ --- Not yet. Perhaps I'll go back to my hometown with my family.‎ ‎ A. Maybe B. Actually C. Generally ( ) 8. ‎--- Our English club will put on a famous play during the school art week.‎ ‎ ---Really? l can't wait to watch it.‎ ‎ A. work on B. act out C. make up ii. 根据句子意思，从下面每小题的A.B.C三个选项中选出最恰当的词语完成句子，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共7小题，每小题1分）‎ ( ) 9. ‎--- Simon always reads for half an hour before bedtime every day.‎ ‎--- That’s a good_______. Reading makes a full man.‎ ‎ A. dream B. wish C. habit ( ) 1. ‎--- Do you still remember our primary school teacher, Mrs. Liu?‎ ‎ --- Yes, she always encouraged us and gave us support____ we met difficulties.‎ ‎ A. whenever B. whatever C. however ( ) 2. ‎--- I'm looking forward to the final of the 2018 World Cup.‎ ‎--- Me too. I hope the German team will be the _______. It's my favorite ‎ A. Player B. winner C. loser ( ) 3. ‎--- The piano lessons are too hard for me. I nearly give up.‎ ‎ --- Please be more ______ I believe you’ll make it.‎ ‎ A. careful B. helpful C. patient ( ) 4. ‎--- Have you heard about Shenzhen International Magic Festival?‎ ‎ --- __________! It's a big event for magic lovers like me ‎ A. Well B. Certainly C. Exactly ( ) 5. ‎--- Jack usually to help at the underground station on weekends ‎ --- Cool! Let's join him next Saturday.‎ ‎ A. offers B. refuses C. forgets ( ) 6. ‎--- Have you noticed that Anna's great progress in spoken English?‎ ‎ --- Yes. She sets us a good example. Hard work always ______‎ ‎ A. makes a deal B. makes a difference C. makes a problem ‎ II.完形填空（15分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共10小题，每小题1.5分）‎ ‎ When I was young, I went to a boarding (寄宿）school in Edinburgh. It was far from home because I 16 on an island in the north of Scotland.‎ ‎ It was a music school, and I studied the violin. At the end of the term, we all packed our bags and our 17 to go home for our holidays. Most kids went by train or bus. Some were 18 by their parents. But I had to go home by ferry --- 14 hours overnight on the open sea.‎ ‎ One summer, after packing my suitcase and violin, I said 19 to my friends. I took the train to the ferry terminal (渡船码头）and then got on the ferry. But when the ferry started moving, I realized a(n) 20 thing! I left my violin on the train!‎ ‎ Oh no! What should I do? What would my dad say? He'd be really 21 ! I got so scared (害怕）that I didn’t sleep all night.‎ ‎ The next morning, I 22 the ferry to meet my dad. After I told him everything, he laughed. I looked at him couldn't believe it. 23 was he laughing?‎ ‎ I always had a label (标签）in my violin case with my address and a telephone number. My dad told me, “A cleaner found your violin on the train and took it to the police. They 24 me and put it on a plane. It arrived an hour ago.” 25 , my violin was safe I was so happy!‎ ( ) 1. A. lived B. played C. worked ( ) 2. A. introduction B. instructions C. instruments ( ) 3. A. picked up B. cared for C. woken up ( ) 4. A. hello B. sorry C. goodbye ( ) 5. A. wonderful B. awful C. successful ( ) 6. A. happy B. helpful C. angry ( ) 7. A. got off B. got on C. got up ‎ ( ) 8. A. What B. Why C. When ‎ ( ) 9. A. called B. caught C. heard ‎ ( ) 10. A. Suddenly B. Luckily C. Sadly ‎ ‎ III.阅读理解（30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 将相应的字母编号涂黑。（共20小题，每小题1.5分）‎ A When you go on a vacation, the hotel you choose and the room you stay in are important. There are many cool theme (主题）hotel rooms around the world. Here are some of them The Harry Potter Room The George Castle Hotel in England gives its guests the experience of staying in Harry Potter’s world.‎ This 19th-century castle hotel is beside Harry Potter tour bus stop. The bus will take you to the Making of Harry Potter studio tour.‎ Ice Theme Room An ice theme can be found at Hotel de Glace in Canada. In winter, you can get a fireplace and a private spa in the rooms The ice hotel has new rooms each year. This winter, it will build a room with the theme of Disney's movie Frozen Pirate (海盗) Theme Room If you want a more attractive theme room, the Adventure Island Hotel in America is the best choice.‎ In their pirate theme rooms, you’ll feel like you’re on a pirate ship in a world of sea adventures.‎ Night at the Movie Room At the Wensley Hotel in Australia, guests are crazy about the Night at the Movies Room. There they can see different things of Hollywood, such as Hollywood signs over the door, and hand-painted actors' pictures above the bed.‎ ( ) 1. What can guests do during their stay at the George Castle Hotel?‎ A. Visit a movie studio. B. Have a private spa.‎ C. Enjoy a movie night. D. Play an adventure game ( ) 2. Who is most likely to choose the Adventure Island Hotel?‎ A. Kids who love Disneyland. B. Kids who love pirate stories.‎ C. Adults who love castle tours. D. Adults who love watching movies.‎ ( ) 3. What is the possible choice for a super fan of Hollywood movies?‎ A. The Wensley Hotel B. Hotel de Glace C. The George Castle Hotel. D. The Adventure Island Hotel.‎ ( ) 4. Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A. A storybook B.A history book C. A science book. D. A travel guide book.‎ B Last summer，Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.‎ Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. "Man, that's a big dog！” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.‎ Mac’s heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray (防熊喷雾). With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief (宽慰), it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).‎ Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.‎ At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the “dog” was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.‎ ( ) 5. Why was Mac riding alone?‎ A. He wanted to try his bear spray. B. He liked riding alone all the way.‎ C. His friends were repairing the bike. D. His friends returned for their tents.‎ ( ) 6. How did Mac feel when he realized a wolf was after him?‎ A. Calm. B. Frightened. C. Excited. D. painful ( ) 7. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)？‎ A. The wolf. B. The dog. C. The can. D The cloud.‎ ( ) 8. How did Mac ask for help in the end?‎ A. By cycling hard. B. By firing the spray.‎ C. By waving and shouting. D. By running after the car.‎ C The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different language and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese calligraphy (书法)，drawing and Chinese poetry recital (背诵).‎ Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese language for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most difficult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. "It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is.” he said.‎ Julie, a 12th -grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes, ” The shared bike is known as one of the new “Great Inventions” of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise.”‎ According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present (展示）their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.‎ ( ) 1. Where was the 14th Chinese Language Competition held?‎ A. In Beijing B. In Shanghai ‎ C. In Napa city. D. In San Francisco ( ) 2. What is among the new “Great Inventions” of China according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. Railway. B. Paper making. ‎ C. The shared bike. D. Chinese calligraphy.‎ ( ) 3. Which statement is TRUE about the competition?‎ A. All college students took part in it.‎ B. It was not only for overseas Chinese kids.‎ C. It was hosted by Justin-Siena High School.‎ D. Students competed in different languages.‎ ( ) 4. What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Chinese Culture Talent Show Presented.‎ B. New “Great Inventions” Made in China.‎ C. Chinese Language Competition Held Again.‎ D. Ways to Learn the Chinese Language Shared. ‎ D Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018 -- Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about 16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12, 518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. “We will replace (替换) the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020.” said Mr. Chen from the government.‎ ‎“I have been a driver for twenty years,” said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. “We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses.”‎ The city has built 8,000 charging poles (充电柱）and 501 bus charging stations. “A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus terminal has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station.” said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.‎ The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis will save the energy of 119, 000 tons of standard coal.‎ Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to buy new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.‎ ( ) 1. How many e-taxis were there in Shenzhen in January, 2018?‎ A. 8000 B. 12,518 C. 16,359 D. 11,900‎ ( ) 2. What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan?‎ A. It saves 72.9 percent energy.‎ B. It helps to improve air quality.‎ C. The bus station has become quiet.‎ D. People will pay more if they buy e-cars.‎ ( ) 3. What can we infer (推断} from the passage?‎ A. It is not easy to be an e-driver.‎ B. Shenzhen is the first to use e-taxis. ‎ C.13 cities are in the NNVP besides Shenzhen.‎ ‎ D. There are 300 charging poles at each bus station.‎ ( ) 4. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. E-buses and e-taxis can save more energy in Shenzhen.‎ B. Shenzhen took part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program.‎ C. It is fast and convenient for the e-buses to be changed in Shenzhen.‎ D. Shenzhen is replacing its public buses and taxis with electric ones.‎ ‎E Artificial intelligence (人工智能), or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.‎ AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition (识别) is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals (罪犯). Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the lD of ride-hailing (网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.‎ AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them “speak” to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding (让路)，it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.‎ Service Robots also show you how powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.‎ AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.‎ ( ) 1. What does the underlined word “identify mean in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. To let somebody know his mistakes B. To come to realize and tell who is who.‎ C. To take somebody to the police station.‎ D. To inform somebody of something important.‎ ( ) 2. According to the passage, what is facial recognition used for?‎ A. Driving cars B. Making people smile.‎ C. Calling the police. D. Checking people's information.‎ ( ) 3. Which technology has been used in real life according to the passage?‎ A. Service Robots at school B. Robots as ride-hailing drivers.‎ C. Facial recognition for payment. D. Light signals for self-driving cars.‎ ( ) 4. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. people use Al in many different ways.‎ B. Al will take the place of human beings in all jobs C. Self-driving cars will be able to talk like humans.‎ D.A criminal was caught for inventing facial recognition.‎ 第二部分非选择题（25分）‎ IV.语法填空（10分）‎ 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下午连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用 括号中的词语的正确形式填空。（共10小题，每题1分）‎ Recently, a foreign student in China gave a very touching answer to the question: What should China be proud of? It was 46. (wide)spread online.‎ ‎ Emma is from Canada. She came to China four years ago. Now she is 47 university student in Ningbo. The following is China in her eyes.‎ ‎ 48 (find) a job in china can be really simple. There are more job 49 (chance) here than in any other country in the world.”‎ ‎ “Its public security is great. I 50 (travel) to many countries so far, and I think China is really safe.”‎ ‎ “About 400 million Chinese are studying English. China will become the country ‎ ‎ 51 has the greatest number of English speakers in non-English speaking countries.”‎ ‎ “The speed of Chinese trains is high. On my 52 (three) visit to my friend in Beijing, I took a train her. From Ningbo 53 Beijing, the train runs 1,365 kilometers for only seven hours.”‎ ‎ “There 54 (be)many more things China should be proud of. I believe China must be much 55 (good) than other countries.”‎ V.书面表达（15分）‎ 英国某中学邀请你校学生代表团于7月中旬去访问交流，假如你是成员之一请在欢迎会上致答谢辞.‎ 要点： 1.感谢邀请和接待；‎ ‎2.希望在文化习俗，创新与发明方面有交流；‎ ‎3.重点介绍一个中国传统节日；‎ ‎4.邀请他们来深圳。‎ 提示词：习俗custom 创新innovation 接待reception ‎ 要求： 1. 80个词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内；‎ ‎2.必须包括以上全部要点，可以适当发挥；‎ ‎3.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；‎ ‎4条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。‎ Ladies and gentlemen:‎ Good evening! It’s really a great honor for me to speak here. __________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎ 答案和解析 I.词汇测试 ‎1.【解析】A over,意为“太，过于”；B选项around意为“大约"；C选项nearly意为“几乎，差 不多”.‎ ‎【考点】同义词转换 ‎2.【解析】B A选项，begoodfor意为”对...有好处”,B选项bebadfor意为"对什么有坏处”；C选项be useful to意为“对...有用”。‎ ‎【考点】同义短语转换 短语 意思 ‎ 近义词/短语 Be hamful to ‎ 对...有害 Be bad for ‎3.【解析】C ‎ A选项，lively意为”活泼的，令人兴奋的"；B选项active意为“活跃的飞C选项 ‎ Healthy意为“健康的”。‎ ‎【考点】同义词转换fit ‎4.【解析】A ‎ A选项，rest意为"休息”；B选项breath意为•呼吸”；C选项walk意为“散步"。 ‎ ‎ 【考点】同义词转换 ‎5.【解析】C ‎ A选顷get意为"获得”；B选项has意为“有”；C选项need意为“需要”。‎ ‎ 【考点】同义词转换 ‎6.【解析】C ‎ A选项，behind意为"在后面"；B选项opposite意为“在..对面”；C选项near意为 在...附近飞 ‎ ‎【考点】同义词转换 ‎7.【解析】A ‎ A选项，maybe意为”也许，大槪”,B选项actually意为“实际上”；C选项generally 意为“普遍地，广泛地".‎ 8. ‎【解析】B ‎ A选项，work on意为”对...起作用，企图影响，说服"；B选项act out意为“表 演”C选项 make up意为“化妆飞 ‎【考点】同义短语转换 put on ‎ ‎9.【解析】C A选顷，dream意为"梦想”；B选项wish意为“愿望”,C选项habit意为“习惯”。‎ ‎【考点】词义辨析 ‎10.【解析】A ‎ 根据旬意A选项，whenever意为"每当，无论何时' 她总会鼓励我们并给予我们支持; B选项whatever意为“无论什么'；C选项however意为“无论怎样飞 【考点】词义辨析whenever ‎11.【解析】B 根据句意B选项，winner意为"胜者”，语境分析得知德国队是“我”的最爱；A选项 player意为“运动员”；C选顷loser意为“失败者”。‎ ‎【考点】词义辨析win ‎12.【解析】C ‎ 根据句意C选项，patient意为"有耐心的' 语境分析得知对方在鼓励钢琴恐惧症的朋 友，要有耐心不泄气就一定会成功的：A选项careful意为•‘细心的；B选项helpful意为“有 帮助的”。‎ ‎ 【考点】词义辨析 ‎13.【解析】B 根据句意B选项，certainly意为”无疑，确定地"，语境分析得知对方肯定知道深训有 鹰术节，因为他就是鹰术迷：A选项well意为好：好吧（口语酌” ；C选项exactly意为“精确地,准确地 ‎【考点】词义辨析 ‎14.【解析】A ‎ 根据句意A选项，offer意为••主动提出，自动给予"，语境分析得知Jack志愿地铁义工， 对方很热心地表示想参与进来；B选项refuse意为“拒绝”；C选项forget意为“忘记'‎ ‎【考点】词义辨析offer ‎15.【解析】B 根据旬意B选项，make a difference意为"有影响，有关系”，语境分析得知Anna的 口语水平提高了很多，归功于她的勤奋；A选项make a deal意为“成交，达成交易"；C 选项make a problem意为“有问题、‎ ‎【考点】短语辨析make a difference II.完形填空 ‎16.A ‎【解析】结合上下文语境，句意为：这所学校里我家很远，因为我家住在苏格兰北部的一座 小岛上，故选A.‎ ‎ 17.C ‎【解析】此题考查名词词意，introduction n.介绍，instruction n.指导，instrument n乐器， 根据句意：在学期末，大家都打包好行李和自己的乐器回家，故选c.‎ ‎ 18.A ‎【解析】此题考查词组意思，pick up开车接某人；care for关心，照顾；wake up醒了， 惊醒。根据句意：我的同学们一般都会坐火车或是有父母开车来接，故选A,‎ ‎ 19.C ‎【解析】结合上下文语境，某一年暑假，在和同学们告别后，我登上了回家的船，故选C.‎ ‎ 20.B ‎【解析】结合上下文语境，我意识到一个非常可怕的事情，我把我的小提琴落在了车上， 故选B ‎ 21.C ‎【解析】结合上下文语境，我爸爸一定会特别生气，故选C ‎ 22.A ‎【解析】此题考查词组意思，getoff从 下来；geton上车；getup起床，起立。结合 ‎ 上下文语境，我下了船，见到我爸爸。故选A.‎ ‎ 23.B ‎【解析】根据上下文语境，他为什么笑：如果选Wat, laughing后要加at,故只能选 ‎ 24.A ‎【解析】根据上下文语境，瞀察给我爸爸打了电话，故选A.‎ ‎ 25.B ‎【解析】根据通篇的意思，幸运的是，我的小提琴是安全的，故选B.‎ ‎ Ill. 阅读理解 ‎ ‎ 要点一:阅读理解各题型分布情况 题型 难度 ‎2018年深圳中考试题比重 细节 ‎ 简单题型 ‎60%‎ 主旨 ‎ 难度题 ‎10%‎ 推理判断 较难题型 ‎20%‎ 猜词 ‎ 较难题型 ‎ ‎ 10%‎ 选材（家庭、校园、科技、文化、社会、环保等等。 ‎ 文体（应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文等）‎ 分值（中考26+8+10 37%）‎ 要点二:阅读理解的考查点 ‎ 推测词义 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义 细节理解 能获取文章的具体信息 推理判断 能理解文章中的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判断 主旨要义 能理解归纳文章的主旨要义，能为文章选定合适的题目 逻辑思维 能理解故事情节和事件发生顺序以及段落各句子之间的逻辑关系 意图观点 能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图 要点三:细节题的解题注意事项 ‎1、题目若是对一个事实进行判断，就要找到关键字回读文章，确定答案。‎ ‎2、题目若是对多个事实进行判断，要仔细鉴别选项，力求正确。‎ ‎3、对于细节推测题，也要根据文中的事实进行推测，不能主观想象。‎ 要点三:细节题的解题注意事项 ‎1、题目若是对一个事实进行判断，就要找到关键字回读文章，确定答案。‎ ‎2、题目若是对多个事实进行判断，要仔细鉴别选项，力求正确。‎ ‎3、对于细节推测题，也要根据文中的事实进行推测，不能主观想象。‎ 要点四:猜词题的解题注意事项（中档题） ‎ ‎1、要特别关注文章的上下文，不能孤立地只看选项的含义，而要在字里行间寻找生词的真正含义。‎ ‎2、注意but 和and构成的转折或并列关系。‎ ‎3、理解作者在一定语言环境中的真实表达。‎ ‎4、可以把选项对词语的解释代到原文中，看是否能讲得通。‎ 要点五: 主旨题的解题注意事项（中难题） ‎ 主旨题的解题关键是要准确把握住文章的主要内容，从中提炼出主题思想。‎ ‎(1)记叙文：在阅读以写人为主的记叙文时，要紧紧抓住该人物这条主线，理清直接发生在该人物身上的事件和作者为了叙述需要而做的必要的背景介绍，即分清主要信息和次要信息；在阅读以记事为主的记叙文时，一定要抓住主要事件的情节随时间和空间的变换是如何发展的，即弄清楚5w+how，同时也要分清主要信息和次要信息。‎ ‎(2)说明文和议论文：首先，要抓住文章的开头，明白说明的主题和议论的话题。 其次，把握每段的主题句。一般文章每段的首句或尾句即是该段的主题句。在解题时，应该准确理解主题句的含义，再对照题中所给出的四个选项，找出意义与之相吻合的答案。然后，要抓住文章的末尾段，这类文章通常是在最后得出结论，或阐明作者的观点、看法。 在答题时，再看一下首段和末尾段。‎ 要点六:推断题的解题注意事项（中难题）‎ 首先，紧紧抓住所给文章，决不能脱离文章凭空想像；其次，深入理解作者在字里行间渗透出来的深层含义，决不能用自己的观点来主观臆断作者的观点；最后，全面理解文章，把握上下文之间的逻辑关系，决不能以偏概全、见树不见林。‎ 文体特点：文章有一定复杂度，需要具备在理解文章的基础上进行分析的能力。解答这类试题需要关注以下几个方面：‎ ‎1.了解议论和说明的话题。‎ ‎ 议论文和说明文，一般篇幅较长，语言和文字的难度也都相应增加，但议论文和说明文都有议论或说明的主题，掌握这个主题是最关键的。‎ ‎2.重视首段和结尾段。‎ ‎ 一般首段介绍要说明或议论的话题，中间展开论证，结尾再次点题，所以首尾段在了解主题上是非常重要的。‎ ‎3.分清主要信息和次要信息。‎ ‎ 论点和要说明的问题是主要信息，而为了说明主题而选择的论据是次要信息，掌握主要信息就是掌握了主题。‎ ‎ A ‎ 26.【解析】A 细节题：根据 “the bus will take you to the Making of Harry Potter studio tour”可知去George Castle Hotel的旅客可以去参观电影工作室，故答案选A.‎ ‎ 27.【解析】B 细节题；由 “ in the pirate theme rooms, you'll feel like you are on a pirate trip in a world of sea adventures”可知喜欢海盗故事的孩子们会选择这家旅馆，故答案选B.‎ ‎28.【解析】A 细节题；由文章"there they can see different things of Hollywood, such as Hollywood signs...”可知，喜欢好莱坞电影的人会选择这家旅馆，故答案选A,‎ ‎29【解析】D 推测题；由全文可知，本篇文章介绍了四个主题酒店，可推测这篇文章是从旅游手册上摘抄 的，故选D.‎ B.‎ ‎30【解析】C 细节题：由第一段“On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon’可知 Mac 的朋友需要修自行车，故Mac需要独自骑行，答案选C.‎ ‎31【解析】B 推断题；由第三段"Mac’s heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray.' 推断可知，当Mac发现是狼追着后心跳的很快并拿出了防熊喷雾，可推测内心是非常恐惧的，故答案选B。‎ ‎32【解析】A 猜词题；由第三段“…he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief, it fell back.”可知，it指的是狼，故答案选A.‎ ‎33【解析】C 细节题；由尾段 “He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time'可知，Mac是通过挥手和大声求救获得帮助的,故选C.‎ ‎ ‎ C ‎34【解析】D 细节题。由题干关键词the 14th Chinese Language Competition定位到第一段“met in San Francisco”可知来自各地的参赛者在SanFrancisco相遇，也就是在此举办，故选D.‎ ‎35【解析】C 细节题：由题干关键词Great Invention定位到第三段“Theshared bike is known as one of the new great inventions of China.” 可知答案为the shared bike , 故选C.‎ ‎36【解析】B 细节题：‎ A选项由第四段“the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids.”可 知主要参加者为美国和华人小孩,A选项意为所有大学生都 参与，可知信息错误且过于绝对, 故排除A.‎ B 选项由第四段“the competition was mainly for American and overeeas Chinese kids.”可 知不仅仅是给海外中国参赛者，也面向美国参赛者，与选项意思相符，故选择B.‎ C选项由第四段 According to thehostingorganization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University,”可知举办方为 the Confucius Institute, C 选项意为举办方为 JustinSiena High School,与文意不符，故排除 C.‎ D 选项由第四段“It aimed to set a platform to present (展示）their Chinese language and culture talents:可知这个比赛主要是针对中国语言文化，并没有多种语言，与D选项意思矛 盾，故排除 D.‎ ‎37【解析】C 主旨大意题；通读全文可知，文章重在介绍第十四届汉语语言比赛、参赛者对中国文化的看 法观点以及参与比赛的感受，C选项最为符合，而A属于偷换概念，B是以偏概全，D是完全跑题，文中并没有涉及学习汉语的方法分享，均可棑除，故选C.‎ D ‎38解析】B 细节题;由题目关键词e-taxis 和January ,2018,定位第一段关键句“A total of 12,518 taxis , or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones.”可知数量为12,518,占了所有的士的 62.5%，故选B.‎ ‎39.【解析】C 细节题；由题目关键词influence, replacement和Mr. Guan可定位第四段“Since the replacement, the bus terminal has become quiet可知选择 C.‎ ‎40.【解析】A 推断题；A 选项由第二段‘_We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowedto drive the e-buses''可知成为一个电动巴士的司机需要经过很多轮训练 和尸格的考试，并不容易，与A选项意思相符，故选择A.‎ B 选项由第五段“She尼怆n was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP)可知深圳是首批加入NNVP计划，但不能说明是第 一个使用e-taxis,故排除B.‎ C 选项由第五段“Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take partin the National New-energyVehicle Program (NNVP}.”可知首批加入NNVF计划的城市包括深圳在内共13 个，而C选项意为除了深圳外还有13个城市，与文意不符，故排除C.‎ D选项由第三段“A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station.”可知文中说的是在清湖充电站的充电柱一天可为300,巴士提供充电服务.D选项意为在每一个充电站都有300个充电柱，与原文意思不符。‎ ‎41.【解析】D 主旨题；通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是深圳正在广泛推行电动巴士和电动的士的使用，A、 B和C选项都属于文章的细节，不能概括全文，故选择D.‎ E.‎ ‎42.【解析】B 猜词题；由第二段“Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert.”可知当罪犯进 入音乐会时警察就可以抓住他，可猜出identify这里是表辨认的意思，故选择B.‎ ‎43.【解析】D 细节题；由题干关键词facial recognition定位第二段可知该技术不仅可以用来抓罪犯，也可以用来付款和识别司机身份,即功能是检验人类的信息，故选择D.‎ ‎44.【解析】C 推断题；由第四段“In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.”service robots会在未来出现，故排除A.由第二段可知文中并没有提到机器人作网约车司机，故排除B。由第二段“Asa result, facial recognition (识别）is used a lot in the world.....lets people pay for things with a smile.”可知面部识别技术已经用于付款，故选择 C.由第三段“Al is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving.可知light signal技术也是未来推出，故排除D.‎ ‎45【解析】A 推断题：通读全文可知Al可以广泛运用于面部识别、智能机器人等多种方面，与A语意符 合，故选择 A. B 选项由尾段 “AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.”可知是会在很多工作中取代人类而不是所有工作，与B选项语意矛盾，故排除 B.由文中第三段“Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them “speak”to humans .” 可知车子是借助信号和人类交流，并不是真的能说话，故排除C; D选项意思为罪犯因为发明面部识别系统被抓，原文并无提及，故排除D。综上所述，选择A.‎ IV. 语法填空 ‎46.widely ‎【解析】考查副词对动词的修饰，widely spread表明其在网上疯狂传播。‎ ‎47.a ‎【解析】考查冠词的使用，由句意可知是一个大学学生，且U发4旷的音，用a,‎ ‎48.Finding ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法，这里非谓语动词做主语，用ing形式，注意位于句首要 大写.‎ ‎49.chances ‎【解析】考查名词的单复数形式，chance为可数名词，从there are推出此处应用复数.‎ ‎50.have travelled/ have traveled ‎【解析】考查动词时态，这里sofar是现在完成时标志词，意为到目前为止8‎ ‎51.which/that ‎【解析】考查定吾从句的关系词，这里先行词是物(country),在从句中作主语，故用 which ‎ 或者that,‎ ‎52.third ‎【解析】考查数词的使用，句意为“我”第三次拜访北京的朋友，故用序数词third.‎ ‎53.To ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词的使用，from..-to...为固定荅配，S为从……到…….‎ 解析】考查There be句型句意为中国将有更多的东西可以引以为豪。‎ 54. will be ‎ ‎【解析】考察there be 句型，句意为中国将有更多的东西可以引以为豪。‎ ‎55.better ‎【解析】考查彤容词副词的比较级，此处关键词有much, than,句意为比其他国家更好.‎ V.书面表达 ‎【参考范文】‎ Ladies and gentlemen,‎ Good evening! It's really a great honor for me to speak here. I’m grateful for your invitation and warm reception.‎ To start with, I sincerely hope more chances will be given to exchange our culture, customs, innovations and inventions in the near future. What's more, it' s known that China possesses a long historical culture standing. Therefore, a lot of festivals are celebrated, among which the Dragon Boat Festival is of great importance. it falls on May 5th of Chinese lunar calendar every year. People all across China eat zongzi and dragon boat races are held in many places to remember a great ancient person Qu Yuan.‎ ‎ We had three days off for this festival this year. During this time, I went for a picnic in the countryside with my good friends, and, of course, ate zongzi with my family. I also watched the dragon boat races on TV. Finally, I hope you can come to China next year and spend the festival with me.‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎ ‎ ‎