河北省中考英语科考试说明 61页

河北省中考英语科考试说明 Ⅰ. 考试性质 初中毕业生英语学业考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试，其目的是全面、准确地考查初中毕业生在英语学习方面达到《英语课程标准》所规定的英语毕业水平的程度。考试结果既是衡量学生是否达到毕业标准的主要依据，也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。‎ 初中毕业生英语学业考试本着有利于广大英语教师在实际教学中落实《英语课程标准》中所规定的目标，有利于学生改进学习方式、拓展英语学习渠道、提高英语学习效率，有利于全面、公正、客观、准确地评价学生英语学习的状况，充分发挥考试的正导向功能。‎ 中考英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。‎ Ⅱ. 考查内容 ‎《英语课程标准》中要求，义务教育结束时学生应有较明确的英语学习动机和积极主动的学习态度。能听懂教师有关熟悉话题的陈述并参与讨论。能就日常生活的各种话题与他人交换信息并陈述自己的意见。能读懂供7——9年级学生阅读的简单读物和报刊、杂志，克服生词障碍，理解大意。能根据阅读目的运用适当的阅读策略。能根据提示起草和修改小作文。能与他人合作，解决问题并报告结果，共同完成学习任务。能对自己的学习进行评价，总结学习方法。能利用多种教育资源进行学习。进一步增强对文化差异的理解与认识。‎ 英语学业考试主要侧重考查学生的语言技能、语言知识、跨文化交际意识和跨文化交际能力。具体考查学生英语听、说、读、写等语言技能及灵活运用语言知识的能力。‎ 1. 听力技能 听力技能指学生对口头语言材料的理解能力和从口头语言材料中获取信息的能力。具 体要求是：‎ l 能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； ‎ l 能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点； ‎ l 能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意； ‎ l 能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文，理解故事的因果关系； ‎ l 能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应； ‎ l 能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。能听懂广播、电视、录音、录像中与本学段水平相当的英语有声语言材料。 ‎ 2. 口语技能 口语技能是指学生英语口头表达能力，指在具体语言环境中沟通信息、描述事物与情 感、发表观点和意见的能力。‎ 由于实际困难，我省现无法组织大范围的口语测试，英语学业考试中主要通过听力考查来间接考查学生的口语能力。鼓励有条件的地区积极进行英语口语测试的尝试。‎ 口语能力要求具体为：‎ l 能就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的观点和意见，参与讨论； ‎ l 能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务； ‎ l 能在口头表达中进行适当的自我修正； ‎ l 能有效地询问信息和请求帮助； ‎ l 能根据话题进行情景对话； ‎ l 能用英语表演短剧； ‎ l 能在以上口语活动中语音、语调自然，语气恰当。‎ ‎3. 阅读技能 阅读能力是英语学业考试主要考查内容之一，着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力。具体要求是：‎ l 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； ‎ l 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； ‎ l 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； ‎ l 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； ‎ l 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； ‎ l 能利用字典等工具书进行学习； ‎ l 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。‎ ‎4.写的技能 写的技能指学生运用所学语言知识与技能进行信息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围事 物、发表意见和观点的能力。具体要求为：‎ l 能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材； ‎ l 能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改； ‎ l 能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系； ‎ l 能简单描述人物或事件； ‎ l 能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。‎ ‎5. 语言知识的综合运用 指学生在有意义的具体语境中运用语音、词汇、语法、语用等语言知识的能力。着重 考查学生综合语言知识运用能力，不单纯考查知识点和机械记忆。‎ ‎6.词汇考查范围 英语学业考试中着重考查《英语课程标准》中所规定的所有词汇。具体请参照词汇表。‎ Ⅲ. 考试形式、难度要求及试卷结构 考试采用闭卷笔试形式，总分为120分，考试时间为120分钟。‎ 试题难度比（约）：3:5:2（容易题：30％，中档难度题：50％，难度较大题：20％）。试题难度控制在0.65左右。‎ 试卷由卷I和卷II两部分组成。卷I为客观性试题（选择题），包括听力第一节和笔试部分共七个大题，占85分。卷II为非选择题，包括听力部分第二节和笔试部分共四个大题，占35分。卷I在机读卡上做答，卷II在试卷上做答。‎ 题型示例:‎ 卷I （选择题，共85分）‎ 听力部分（第一节）‎ 本部分共包含四个大题，主要测试学生的听力理解能力和获取信息的能力。（听力测试部分的非选择试题将在卷II中考查。）‎ I.‎‎ 听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息。‎ 本题主要考查学生捕捉句子中关键信息的能力。.要求考生根据所听到的句子，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎【题例】1. A. $ 235 B. $ 212 C. $ 325‎ 录音材料: No. 1. These books cost me $ 235.‎ 答案: A ‎【题例】2. A. I only like the last story. B. I don’t like the last story at all. ‎ C. I like the last story better than any other one.‎ 录音材料: No. 2. Of all the stories you told me, I like the last one best.‎ 答案: C ‎（每个句子读两遍。）‎ Ⅱ. 听句子，选出该句的最佳答语。‎ 主要考查学生对日常交际用语的理解和应答能力。要求考生根据所听到的句子，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎【题例】1. A. Beijing is great! B. Thank you. I hope so. C. You too. Thank you.‎ 录音材料: No.1. Welcome to Beijing, and have a good time here. ‎ 答案: B ‎ ‎【题例】2. A. I guess so. B. I don’t think so. C. I am happy for you.‎ 录音材料: No. 2. Tony, guess what? I’ll go to Europe with my mom next week.‎ 答案: C ‎ ‎（每个句子读两遍。）‎ Ⅲ. 听对话和问题，选择正确的选项。‎ 主要考查学生对所听对话及相关信息的理解能力。要求考生根据所听到的简短对话和问题，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎【题例】1. Who is answering the phone? ‎ A. Mary. B. John. C. Betty.‎ 录音材料: ‎ W: Good morning. Betty speaking.‎ M: Hello. This is John. May I speak to Mary?‎ W: I’m sorry, but she isn’t in.‎ Q: Who is answering the phone? ‎ 答案: C ‎【题例】2. What’s Alan’s favourite ball game? ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A B C 录音材料:‎ ‎ W: What’s your favourite sport, Alan?‎ M: Hmm…It’s really hard to say. I guess I like ball games.‎ W: You mean you like playing basketball, football or something?‎ M: Uh-huh, and I like volleyball best.‎ Q: What’s Alan’s favourite ball game?‎ 答案: B ‎（对话和问题读两遍。）‎ Ⅳ. 听语段、对话和问题，选择正确答案。‎ 该部分所听内容为小语段和长对话。主要考查学生对所听语言材料的理解及获取关键信息的能力。首先，要求考生根据所听到的几个小语段及每个语段后的2-3个问题，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项；然后再根据所听到的一段较长对话和5个问题，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎【题例】1. (1) Who have enjoyed the plastic shopping bags?‎ ‎ A. All the people. B. Chinese shoppers. D. Some Japanese people. ‎ ‎ (2) What does the speaker want to tell us?‎ A. Shopping can bring people some good habits.‎ B. Shopping bags make shopping easy for shoppers. ‎ C. Shoppers should use cloth bags, baskets instead. ‎ 录音材料：‎ We all have habits, but not all of them are good. For more than 10 years, Chinese shoppers have enjoyed free plastic shopping bags. These shopping bags made shopping easy for us, but at the same time, they also caused a lot of problems to the environment. So try to use cloth bags, baskets or things like that. ‎ Question No. 1. Who have enjoyed the plastic shopping bags?‎ Question No. 2. What does the speaker tell us?‎ 答案：1——2 BC ‎【题例】2. (1) When are they going to have a three-day weekend?‎ A. Next week. B. Next month. C. The next day. ‎ ‎ (2) What season do you think it is now?‎ A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Winter.‎ ‎ (3) What do they want to do on the beach?‎ A. To take walks. B. To go swimming. C. To see the sea. ‎ ‎ (4) What else can they do there?‎ ‎ A. To read and study. B. To read and see movies. C. To rest and have a chat.‎ ‎(5) Which of the following is true?‎ A. They can get relaxed on the beach.‎ B. They can see many people on the beach.‎ C. They have to call a hotel to keep a room.‎ 录音材料:‎ M: You know, we have a three-day weekend next month. Do you want to go away?‎ W: That’s a great idea! Where do you want to go?‎ M: To the beach.‎ W: The beach in the winter? ‎ M: We don’t have to go swimming. We can take walks on the beach.‎ W: But what else can we do there?‎ M: Oh, there are plenty of things to do. We can read, go to the movies. I need to relax, don’t you?‎ W: I sure do. You are right. The beach is a good idea. And there won’t be so many people. Do you think we need to call a hotel to keep a room for us?‎ M: No, I don’t think so. There are lots of places to stay. ‎ Question No. 1. When are they going to have a three-day weekend?‎ Question No. 2. What season do you think it is now?‎ Question No. 3. What do they want to do on the beach?‎ Question No. 4. What else can they do there?‎ Question No. 5. Which of the following is true?‎ 答案: 1——5 BCABA ‎（语段、对话和问题读两遍。）‎ 笔试部分 V. 单项选择 共20小题，每小题1分。主要考查学生对英语语言知识和简单表达形式等的掌握情况。要求考生根据句子意思，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎【题例】1. My father is _____ engineer. He works very hard.‎ A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 答案：B ‎【题例】2. Nick _____ a new camera. He has taken lots of pictures with it.‎ A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy 答案：C ‎【题例】3. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me _____ now?‎ A. how fast are you B. how fast you are ‎ C. how tall are you D. how tall you are 答案：D Ⅵ. 完形填空 本部分共10小题，每小题1分。主要是对学生英语综合水平的考查,即在特定语境中既考查英语基础知识的运用能力，还考查学生根据所给的内容进行正确的逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括等能力。在一篇短文中留出10个空白，要求考生根据上下文意思，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。‎ ‎【题例】These days, it is easier for us to travel to other countries than ever before. However, there is a big difficulty that most of us 1 when we meet people in other countries—we cannot communicate with them. There are 2 where English is still not spoken, though it is the most widely known language. So, wouldn’t it be 3 if there was one language that could be understood by anyone anywhere in the world?‎ Esperanto that was created in 1887 may be the world’s 4 truly international language. In fact, although 5 artificial (人造的) languages have been already created, only Esperanto has had much success. Its learners say that it is about four times 6 to learn than other languages. Spelling and pronunciation are both easy, too. For example, it does not have silent uu7 like the ‎ “h” in “honest”. If you ‎8 a word, you can spell it without any difficulty. The grammar is also as simple as possible: only sixteen basic 9 , no irregular verbs (不规则动词), only six verb endings.‎ In short, Esperanto should be attractive (有吸引力的) as a language to learn, 10 there is a problem: how many people have met anyone who can really speak it? Anyway, we hope that some day one language can be mastered easily by anyone.‎ ‎1. A. need B. miss C. face D. touch ‎2. A. offices B. schools C. cities D. places ‎3. A. safe B. nice C. funny D. difficult ‎4. A. first B. another C. last D. other ‎5. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ‎6. A. better B. easier C. slower D. shorter ‎ ‎7. A. marks B. parts C. words D. letters ‎8. A. hear B. see C. watch D. notice ‎9. A. subjects B. sentences C. rules D. lessons ‎10. A. and B. but C. so D. because ‎ 答案：1——‎5 C D B A D 6——10 B D A C B Ⅶ.阅读理解 本部分包括三篇文章，共15小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供的短文内容，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，培养其判断、推理及概括的能力。阅读材料的生词率不超过3％，学生的阅读速度控制在每分钟50～70个单词。‎ ‎【题例】 从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ Jane Goodall first made friends with a chimp (黑猩猩) when she was one year old. On her first birthday her mother carried her to the zoo near her home and bought her a toy chimp. She loved her furry (毛绒) friend very much. At age 7, Jane Gooddall read Dr. Doolittle, a book about a doctor who could talk to animals. She wanted to be able to talk to her favorite animal, too. She expected to go to Africa some day so that she could learn more about chimps. When Jane grew up, she still dreamed of going to Africa. She got her wish when she was 26 years old. She went to Gombe‎ ‎National Park where many chimps lived in the forests. ‎ Jane watched the chimps closely day after day. She saw that they were a lot like people. They could think and make plans. They used tools. They showed their fear, pain, or pleasure. Sometimes, they fought. Often, they hugged (拥抱) and kissed.‎ Scientists were surprised by what Jane saw. They knew that the relation between chimps and humans was the closest. However, they did not know they acted so much like us.‎ Jane still has the toy chimp she was given as a child. She has studied her furry friends for over 30 years. Now, she speaks for them to groups around the world. She hopes that what she has to say will make others do something to protect chimps from being hurt. ‎ ‎1. When Jane was 7, she wanted __________.‎ A. to read Dr. Doolittle again B. to talk to animals, too C. to buy another toy chimp D. to meet a doctor at once ‎2. Jane went to Gombe‎ ‎National Park to __________.‎ A. have a trip there B. train a baby chimp C. learn more about chimps D. protect the chimps there ‎3. The scientists were surprised when they heard that __________.‎ A. the chimps could act so much like humans B. Jane had been in Africa for such a long time C. Jane watched the chimps closely day after day D. Jane still had the toy chimp she was given as a child ‎ ‎4. Jane speaks for chimps to groups around the world to __________.‎ A. help the scientists learn more about chimps ‎ B. study her furry friends in some other countries ‎ C. make more people do something to protect chimps ‎ D. let people know that chimps are lovely animals ‎ ‎5. From the passage, we can learn that __________.‎ A. Jane found more about chimps than the scientists did B. Jane dreamed of going to Africa when she was 26‎ C. Jane could talk to chimps with the help of the scientists ‎ D. Jane knew nothing about chimps before going to ‎Africa 答案：1——5. B C A C A 卷II（非选择题，共35分）‎ 听力部分（第二节）‎ Ⅷ. 听短文（对话）填空 主要考查学生对所听语言材料的理解能力和正确获取信息的能力。为降低该试题难度，尽可能考查学生直接信息和主要信息。为降低该题难度，尽可能考查学生直接信息和主要信息。‎ ‎【题例】‎ Information Sheet ‎ ‎1. Dr. Wang will give a talk on how to .‎ ‎2. There will be parts in Dr. Wang’s talk. ‎ ‎3. The second part is about what is helpful to us. ‎ ‎4. The students are asked to take while listening to the talk. ‎ ‎5. What the students write should include points.‎ 录音材料：‎ Alright class, Dr. Wang will come to our school and give us a talk on how to keep healthy. There’re three parts in his talk. The first part is about what kinds of food are good for us. The second part is about what exercise is helpful to us, and the last one is what we should do in our daily life. ‎ Well, I’d like you to take notes while listening to the talk. You should write down the names of healthy food and the exercise you should take. You should also know why these foods are healthy and how the exercise is good for you. Finally, I want you to choose one kind of exercise you think is good. Your notes don’t have to be very long, but they must include important points. Well, please get ready for it.‎ 答案：1. keep healthy / be healthy / stay healthy ‎2. three / 3‎ ‎3. exercise ‎4. notes ‎5. important / main / key ‎（短文或对话读两遍。）‎ 笔试部分 IX. 任务型阅读 任务型阅读旨在使试题贴近教学实际，提高试题的实效性和针对性，从而进一步落实新课标要求，促进教育教学改革。共5个小题，每小题2分。考查形式如下：根据短文内容，设判断、选择、填空、填表格、完成句子、回答问题、英译汉等题型。‎ 试题既可按以上提到的任意一种形式出现，也可以以任意某2-3种形式出现（见所给例题）。‎ ‎【题Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you couldn’t see. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingers. How do you feel, then?‎ With medical knowledge and skills today, two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind people should not have to suffer (受苦). Unluckily, rich countries have this knowledge, but developing countries do not. ‎ ORBIS is an international charitable organization (慈善组织). Its goal is to help fight blindness all over the world. Inside a DC-8 airplane, there is a teaching hospital with television room and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest technology of helping the blind get sight again here. ORBIS is always trying to keep a closer relation among countries.‎ ‎ ORBIS helps those developing countries by providing sight-saving training. It has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses. They continue to treat thousands of blind people every year. They have travelled around the earth 3 times, visited 76 countries and treated over 20,000 blind people.‎ ‎ They need your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.‎ For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world.‎ ‎76题判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）；77题完成句子；78～79题简略回答问题；80题将文中划线句子译成汉语。‎ ‎76. Both rich and developing countries have the knowledge of helping blind people.【 】‎ ‎77. ORBIS’ goal is to ________________________________________________________.‎ ‎78. How many doctors and nurses has ORBIS taught?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎79. What can you do for $380 according to the passage?‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎80. ______________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：76. F ‎ ‎77. help fight blindness all over the world ‎ ‎78. It / ORBIS has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses. / Over 35,000 (doctors and nurses).‎ ‎79. We / I can bring sight to 10 people. / Bring sight to 10 people. ‎ ‎80. 你（你们）的爱能够帮助他们重见光明。‎ X. 词语运用 主要考查学生在特定的语境中对词汇、表达法的灵活运用能力。有以下几种题型：‎ ‎1. 根据句子的意思及汉语提示，写出词语的正确形式。‎ ‎【题例】1. I’ll show my collection of _____________________（邮票）to the class.‎ 答案：stamps ‎ ‎【题例】2. Do you know this table _____________________（由……制成）bamboo?‎ 答案：is made of 1. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ We need eleven ______(play) for our soccer team.‎ 2. 根据句意及单词的首字母，写出单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ It’s a good habit to brush our teeth t  a day.‎ 3. 用方框中所给单词及短语的正确形式填空，每词（短语）只用一次。‎ XI. 基础写作 本部分主要考查学生初步的书面表达能力。‎ A. 连词成句 根据所给单词或词语，完成句子。要求符合语法，语言通顺, 大小写正确。（单词不得重复使用，标点已给出）‎ ‎【题例】‎ ‎1. schoolbag, is, your, it ‎ ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________?‎ 答案：Is it your schoolbag？‎ ‎2. pets, have, Henry, how, does, many ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________?‎ 答案：How many pets does Henry have?‎ ‎3. e-mail, tomorrow, will, an, send, Jim, I ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________.‎ 答案：I will send Jim an e-mail tomorrow. / Tomorrow I will send Jim an e-mail.‎ ‎4. helped, night, he, maths, me, last, with, my ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________.‎ 答案：He helped me with my maths last night. / Last night he helped me with my maths.‎ ‎5. cross, traffic, red, are, the, when, don’t, street, the, lights ‎ ___________________________________________________________________________.‎ 答案：Don’t cross the street when the traffic lights are red.‎ B. 书面表达（Writing）‎ 要求学生能根据所给提示或要求，用英语写一篇语言正确、内容完整、语句连贯的短文。情景一般贴近学生学习和生活；提供情景的形式包括文字、图画、图表、提纲等，字数控制在60-80个单词。‎ ‎【题例】‎ B) 书面表达（共计10分）‎ ‎91. 回想三年的英语学习历程，丰富多彩的英语课堂活动一定给你留下了许多难忘的印象。请你以“What should we do in English class?”为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈在英语课堂上学生应该怎样做，才能使英语学习更有效。‎ 提示：(1) Listen to the teacher.‎ ‎(2) Take part in activities.‎ ‎(3) Be confident in ourselves.‎ 要求：(1) 文稿须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。‎ ‎ (2) 文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。‎ ‎ (3) 词数：60～80个。‎ 参考词汇：take notes, work in groups with…, not be afraid of…‎ What should we do in English class?‎ In English class，we should ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案：‎ What should we do in English class?‎ In English class, we should listen to the teacher carefully and take notes when necessary. Try to answer questions in English.‎ We should take part in all kinds of activities, like reading, writing, having discussions and playing games. We need to work in groups with our classmates to help each other and learn from each other. ‎ It’s very important to be confident. Speak English loudly in front of the class and never be afraid of making mistakes. In this way, we can make much progress.‎ 本试卷中的选择性试题和非选择性试题比例约为：71%比29%。‎ 附一、试题项目、题量、计分和时间安排.‎ 试卷类别 内 容 题 号 题 量 计 分 时间（分钟）‎ 卷 I 听力部分 ‎（第一节）‎ Ⅰ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ ‎20‎ Ⅱ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ Ⅲ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ Ⅳ ‎10‎ ‎10‎ 单项填空 Ⅴ ‎20‎ ‎20‎ ‎15‎ 完形填空 Ⅵ ‎10‎ ‎10‎ ‎15‎ 阅读理解 Ⅶ ‎15‎ ‎30‎ ‎30‎ 卷 II 听力部分 ‎（第二节）‎ VIII ‎5‎ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ 任务型阅读 IX ‎5‎ ‎10‎ ‎10‎ 词语运用 X ‎5‎ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ 书面表达 XI A ‎5‎ ‎5‎ ‎5‎ B ‎1‎ ‎10‎ ‎15‎ 合计 ‎91‎ 120‎ 120‎ 附二、初中生学业考试各项目标要求 语言技能五级目标 级别 技能 目 标 描 述 五 级 听 ‎1、能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图； ‎ ‎2、能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点； ‎ ‎3、能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意； ‎ ‎4、能听懂接近正常语速的故事和记叙文，理解故事的因果关系； ‎ ‎5、能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应； ‎ ‎6、能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。‎ 说 ‎1、能就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的观点和意见，参与讨论； ‎ ‎2、能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务； ‎ ‎3、能在口头表达中进行适当的自我修正； ‎ ‎4、能有效地询问信息和请求帮助； ‎ ‎5、能根据话题进行情景对话； ‎ ‎6、能用英语表演短剧； ‎ ‎7、能在以上口语活动中语音、语调自然，语气恰当。‎ 读 ‎1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； ‎ ‎2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； ‎ ‎3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； ‎ ‎4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； ‎ ‎5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； ‎ ‎6、能利用字典等工具书进行学习； ‎ ‎7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。‎ 写 ‎1、能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材； ‎ ‎2、能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改； ‎ ‎3、能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系； ‎ ‎4、能简单描述人物或事件； ‎ ‎5、能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。‎ 附三、语言知识目标 ‎ 级别 技能 目 标 描 述 五 级 语 ‎  ‎ 音 ‎1、了解语音在语言学习中的意义； ‎ ‎2、了解英语语音包括发音、重音、连读、语调、节奏等内容； ‎ ‎3、在日常生活会话中做到语音、语调基本正确、自然、流畅； ‎ ‎4、根据重音和语调的变化理解和表达不同的意图和态度； ‎ ‎5、根据读音拼写单词和短语。‎ 词 ‎  ‎ 汇 1、 了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式；‎ 2、 理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；‎ 3、 运用词汇描述事务、行为和特征，说明概念等。‎ 4、 学会使用1500-1600个的单词和200-300个习惯用于或固定搭配。初中起始的要求学会运用1300左右单词和200-300个习惯用于或固定搭配。‎ 语 ‎  ‎ 法 ‎1、了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能； ‎ ‎2、在实际运用中体会和领悟语言形式的表意功能； ‎ ‎3、理解和掌握描述人和物的表达方式； ‎ ‎4、理解和掌握描述具体事件和具体行为的发生、发展过程的表达方式； ‎ ‎5、初步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式； ‎ ‎6、理解、掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式。‎ 功能 ‎1、在日常生活中恰当理解和表达问候、告别、感谢、介绍等交际功能； ‎ ‎2、在日常人际交往中有效地进行表达。‎ 话题 ‎1、熟悉与学生个人、家庭和学校生活密切相关的话题； ‎ ‎2、熟悉有关日常生活、兴趣爱好、风俗习惯、科学文化等方面的话题。‎ 附四、学习策略目标 级别 策略类别 目 标 描 述 五 级 认知策略 ‎1、根据需要进行预习； ‎ ‎2、在学习中集中注意力， ‎ ‎3、在学习中积极思考； ‎ ‎4、在学习中善于记要点； ‎ ‎5、在学习中善于利用图画等非语言信息理解主题； ‎ ‎6、借助联想学习和记忆词语； ‎ ‎7、对所学习内容能主动复习并加以整理和归纳； ‎ ‎8、注意发现语言的规律并能运用规律举一反三； ‎ ‎9、在使用英语申，能意识到错误并进行适当的纠正； ‎ ‎10、必要时，有效地借助母语知识理解英语； ‎ ‎11、尝试阅读英语故事及其他英语课外读物。‎ 调控策略 ‎1、明确自己学习英语的目标； ‎ ‎2、明确自己的学习需要； ‎ ‎3、制订简单的英语学习计划； ‎ ‎4、把握学习的主要内容； ‎ ‎5、注意了解和反思自己学习英语中的进步与不足； ‎ ‎6、积极探索适合自己的英语学习方法； ‎ ‎7、经常与教师和同学交流学习体会； ‎ ‎8、积极参与课内外英语学习活动。‎ 交际策略 ‎1、在课内外学习活动中能够用英语与他人交流； ‎ ‎2、善于抓住用英语交际的机会； ‎ ‎3、在交际中，把注意力集中在意思的表达上； ‎ ‎4、在交际中，必要时借助手势、表情等进行交流； ‎ ‎5、交际中遇到困难时，有效地寻求帮助； ‎ ‎6、在交际申注意到中外交际习俗的差异。‎ 资源策略 ‎1、注意通过音像资料丰富自己的学习； ‎ ‎2、使用简单工具书查找信息； ‎ ‎3、注意生活中和媒体上所使用的英语； ‎ ‎4、能初步利用图书馆或网络上的学习资源。‎ 附五、文化意识目标 级别 目 标 描 述 五 级 ‎1、了解英语交际中常用的体态语，如手势、表情等； ‎ ‎2、恰当使用英语中不同的称谓语、问候语和告别语； ‎ ‎3、了解、区别英语中不同性别常用的名字和亲呢的称呼； ‎ ‎4、了解英语国家中家庭成员之间的称呼习俗； ‎ ‎5、了解英语国家正式和非正式场合服饰和穿戴习俗； ‎ ‎6、了解英语国家的饮食习俗； ‎ ‎7、对别人的赞扬、请求等做出恰当的反应； ‎ ‎8、用恰当的方式表达赞扬、请求等意义； ‎ ‎9、初步了解英语国家的地理位置、气候特点、历史等； ‎ ‎10、了解常见动植物在英语国家中的文化涵义； ‎ ‎11、了解自然现象在英语中可能具有的文化涵义； ‎ ‎12、了解英语国家中传统的文娱和体育活动； ‎ ‎13、了解英语国家中重要的节假日及主要庆祝方式； ‎ ‎14、加深对中国文化的理解。‎ 附六、语音项目表 ‎ ‎1、基本读音 ‎ ‎(1)26个字母读音 ‎ ‎(2)元音宇母a, e，i(y)，o，u 在重读音节中的读音 ‎ ‎(3)元音字母在单词中的基本读音 ‎ ‎(4)常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 ‎ ‎(5)常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音，如: th，sh，ch等 ‎ ‎(6)辅音连缀的读音 ‎ black，class，flag，glass，plane，sleep，bright，cry，sky，small，speak，star，street，spilt，spring，screen, programme，quiet ‎ ‎(7)成节音的读音 ‎ table, people, uncle, single, middle, little, parcel, basin, cousin, often, seven ‎ ‎2、重音 ‎ ‎(1)单词重音 ‎ ‎(2)句子重音 ‎ ‎3、意群的读音 ‎ ‎(1)连读和失去爆破 ‎ ‎(2)弱读与同化 ‎ ‎4、语谓与节奏 ‎ ‎(1)语调 (升调，降调) ‎ ‎(2)节奏 ‎ 说明: ‎ ‎1、语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合，不要一味追求单音的准确性。 ‎ ‎2、在英语教学起始阶段，语音教学主要应通过模仿来进行，教师应提供大量听音、模仿和实践的机会，帮助学生养成良好的发音习惯。    ‎ ‎3、英语有不同的口音，如: 英国口音、美国口音等。教学中，应让学生在基本掌握一种口音的基础上，适当接触不同的口音，为他们发展交际能力打下基础。‎ 附七、语法项目表 ‎ 注:标*号的项目只要求理解。 ‎ ‎1、名词 ‎ ‎(1)可数名词及其单复数 ‎ ‎(2)不可数名词 ‎ ‎(3)专有名词 ‎ ‎(4)名词所有格 ‎ ‎2、代词 ‎ ‎(1)人称代词 ‎ ‎(2)物主代词 ‎ ‎(3)反身代词 ‎ ‎(4)指示代词 ‎ ‎(5)不定代词 ‎ ‎(6)疑问代词 ‎ ‎3、数词 ‎ ‎(1)基数词 ‎ ‎(2)序数词 ‎ ‎4、介词 （词汇表中所列介词的基本用法）‎ ‎5、连词 （词汇表中所列介词的基本用法）‎ ‎6、形容词 ‎ ‎1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法 ‎2)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法 ‎ ‎(1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most ‎ ‎(2)基本句型 ‎ as＋原级形式＋as. . . ‎ ‎ not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . . ‎ ‎ 比较级形式＋than. . . ‎ ‎ the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . . ‎ ‎7、副词 ‎1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法 ‎ ‎2)疑问副词when, where, how ‎ ‎3)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级) ‎ ‎( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most ‎ ‎( 2)基本句型 ‎ as＋原级形式＋as. . . ‎ not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . . ‎ 比较级形式＋than. . . ‎ the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .‎ ‎8、冠词 不定冠词的基本用法 I have a new bike.‎ There is an island over there.‎ 定冠词的基本用法 Beijing‎ is the capital of China.‎ Turn down the radio , please.‎ I got a book as a present. The book was really nice.‎ The sun is bigger than the earth.‎ Who teaches the first class?‎ The United States is also called USA.‎ The Browns all get up early in the morning.‎ Those medicines are for the poor.‎ ‎9、动词 ‎ ‎(1)动词的基本形式 ‎ ‎(2)系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc. ‎ ‎(3)及物动词和不及物动词 ‎ ‎(4)助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.‎ ‎(5)情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.‎ ‎10、时态 ‎ ‎(1)现在进行时 ‎ We're reading the text now. ‎ They're waiting for a bus.‎ ‎(2)一般现在时 ‎ I get up at six o'clock every morning. ‎ He doesn't speak Russian. ‎ They are very busy. ‎ The moon moves round the earth. ‎ When you see him, tell him to come to my place. ‎ I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.‎ ‎(3)一般过去时 ‎ I was in Grade One last year. ‎ I got up at five yesterday.‎ ‎(4)一般将来时 ‎ ‎1. shall ( will)＋动词原形 I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon. ‎ She will be here tomorrow. ‎ ‎2. be going to＋动词原形 ‎ I'm going to help him.‎ ‎(5)过去进行时 ‎ We were having a meeting this time yesterday. ‎ The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.‎ ‎(6)现在完成时 ‎ I have already posted the letter. ‎ They have lived here for ten years. ‎ ‎*(7)过去完成时 ‎ We had learned four English songs by the end of last year. ‎ The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. ‎ She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.‎ ‎*(8)过去将来时 ‎ He said he would go to the cinema that evening. ‎ Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.‎ ‎11、被动语态 ‎ ‎(1)一般现在时的被动语态 ‎ English is taught in that school. ‎ ‎(2)一般过去时的被动语态 ‎ The song was written by that worker. ‎ ‎(3)一般将来时的被动语态 It will be finished in two hours.‎ ‎(4)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态 ‎ She must be sent to hospital at once.‎ ‎12、非谓语动词 ‎ ‎(1)动词不定式 ‎ ‎1)作主语 ‎ To learn a foreign language is not easy. ‎ It is not easy to learn a foreign language. ‎ ‎2)作宾语 ‎ They began to read. ‎ ‎3)作宾语补足语 ‎ Jim asked me to help him with his lessons. ‎ We often heard her sing. ‎ ‎4)作定语 ‎ I have an important meeting to attend. ‎ ‎5)作状语 She went to see her grandma yesterday. ‎ ‎6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后 I don't know how to use a computer. ‎ Do you know when to start? ‎ He didn't know what to do next.‎ ‎*(2)动词的-ing形式 ‎*(3)动词的-ed形式 ‎13、构词法 ‎ ‎(1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room etc.‎ ‎(2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy etc.‎ ‎(3)转化法 hand (n.)—hand (v.) dry (adj.)—dry (v.) etc.‎ ‎(4)缩写和简写 US UK sth. sb. etc.‎ ‎14、句子种类 ‎ ‎(1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式) ‎ ‎(2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句) ‎ ‎(3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式) ‎ ‎(4)感叹句 ‎ ‎15、句子成分 ‎ ‎(1)主语 ‎ Betty likes her new bike. ‎ He gets up early every day. ‎ To learn a foreign language is not easy.‎ ‎(2)谓语 (主谓一致) ‎ We work hard. ‎ The boy caught a bird. ‎ He is my brother. ‎ They all look fine.‎ Either day is fine for me.‎ He and his classmates are going to the zoo next Sunday.‎ Reading‎ and writing are very important.‎ ‎(3)表语 ‎ Her sister is a nurse. ‎ It's me. ‎ I'm ready. ‎ He got angry. ‎ We were at home last night. ‎ His cup is broken.‎ I’m downstairs.‎ ‎(4)宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾语) ‎ Tom bought a story-book. ‎ I saw him yesterday. ‎ He wanted to have a cup of tea.‎ He gave me some ink. ‎ Our teacher told us an interesting story.‎ ‎*(5)补语 ‎ ‎(6)定语 ‎ This is a green jeep. ‎ This is an apple tree. ‎ Are these students your classmates? ‎ Winter is the coldest season of the year. ‎ I have something to tell you.‎ ‎(7)状语 ‎ You are quite right. ‎ She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. ‎ He stopped to have a look.‎ ‎16、简单句的基本句型 ‎ ‎(1)主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ‎ The bike is new.‎ The hat looks nice on you!(feel, taste, smell, sound)‎ ‎(2)主语 + 不及物动词 ‎ He swims in the river every summer.‎ ‎(3)主语 + 及物动词+宾语 ‎ Children often sing this song.‎ ‎(4)主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ‎ She showed her friends all her pictures.‎ She showed all her pictures to his friends.‎ ‎(5)主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ‎ We keep our classroom clean and tidy.‎ ‎(6)there be句型 ‎ ‎“Is there a bank near here?” “Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.”‎ ‎“Are there any supermarkets in this town?” “Yes, there is one. / No, there aren’t any.”‎ ‎“Was there an exam yesterday?” “Yes, there was./ No, there wasn’t.”‎ ‎“Were there any good films last week?” “Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t any.” ‎ There will be a heavy rain in a few days.‎ There is gong to be a sport meeting next week.‎ ‎17、并列复合句 ‎ He likes maths, but he needs help. ‎ I help him and he helps me.‎ ‎18、主从复合句 ‎ ‎(1)宾语从句 ‎ He said ( that) he felt sick. ‎ I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory. ‎ I take back what I said. ‎ I can't tell who is there. ‎ Can you tell me where the Summer‎ ‎Palace is? ‎ What do you think the weather will be tomorrow? (2)状语从句 ‎ The train had left when I got to the station. ‎ I was watching TV when you called me last night.‎ While he was walking along the street, he saw an accident.‎ I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free. ‎ The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help. ‎ The earth is bigger than the moon. ‎ He was so tired that he couldn't walk on. ‎ Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job. ‎ Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.‎ ‎(3)定语从句 ‎ Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt. ‎ Show me the picture that you like best. ‎ Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.‎ ‎19、直接引语与间接引语 ‎ ‎ ‎ 直接引语 间接引语 She said, “I’m happy at the news. ”‎ She said that she was happy at the news.‎ He said, “I like it very much.”‎ He said that he liked it very much.‎ She said, “She can speak English very well.”‎ She said (that) she could speak English very well.‎ They said, “We are swimming in the lake.”‎ They said that they were swimming in the lake.‎ He said (to me), “I will call you tomorrow.”‎ He told me (that) he would call me tomorrow.‎ She said to us, “ I am going to visit you on Sunday.”‎ She told us (that) she was going to visit us on Sunday.‎ He said (to us), “Are you ready?”‎ He asked us if we were ready.‎ He said (to me), “What do you want?”‎ He asked me what I wanted.‎ 附八、功能意念项目表 ‎1. 社会交往 (Social Communications) ‎ ‎(1)问候 (Greetings)‎ A. Hi!‎ Hello!‎ Good morning / afternoon / evening.‎ How are you?‎ How are you doing?‎ Please say hello to your parents.‎ Please give my love / best wishes to Lucy. ‎ B. Hi!‎ Hello!‎ Good morning / afternoon / evening.‎ I'm OK.‎ Fine, thanks, and you?‎ Very well, thank you.‎ Sure.‎ All right.‎ ‎(2)介绍 (Introduction)‎ A. My name is Jim.‎ I'm a student.‎ I'm from England.‎ This is Mr. / Mrs. / Miss / Ms Brown.‎ I'd like you to meet Bob.‎ B. Hello!‎ How do you do?‎ Nice / Glad / Pleased to meet (see) you.‎ ‎(3)告别 (Farewells )‎ A. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.‎ Good night.‎ See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.‎ I am sorry I have to go now.‎ B. Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye.‎ See you.‎ Good night.‎ See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.‎ ‎(4)感谢 (Thanks )‎ A. Thank you (very much).‎ Thanks a lot.‎ Thank you for your help.‎ It's very kind / nice of you.‎ B. It's a pleasure.‎ That's OK/ all right.‎ You're welcome.‎ ‎(5)道歉(Apologies)‎ A. Sorry. I'm sorry.‎ Excuse me, please.‎ I beg your pardon.‎ I' m sorry for losing your book.‎ I'm sorry to interrupt you.‎ I'm sorry (that) I'm late.‎ B. That's OK.‎ It's all right.‎ Never mind.‎ It doesn't matter.‎ It's nothing.‎ ‎(6)邀请(Invitation)‎ A. Would you like to go for a walk?‎ You must come to dinner with us.‎ May I invite you to dinner?‎ What / How about having a swim?‎ B. OK.‎ ‎①Thank you.‎ I'd like that, thanks.‎ Yes, I'd love to.‎ That would be very nice.‎ ‎②No, thank you.‎ It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.‎ I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.‎ I'm sorry I can't. What about another time?‎ ‎(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission )‎ A. May I come in?‎ Can / Could I use your telephone?‎ Would / Do you mind if I open the window?‎ B. ①Yes, please. Sure. Certainly.‎ ‎②I'm sorry, it's not allowed.‎ I'm afraid not. You'd better not.‎ ‎(8)祝贺与祝愿 (Expressing wishes and congratulations)‎ A. Have a good day / time!‎ Have a good journey / trip!‎ Good luck!‎ Enjoy yourself!‎ Best wishes to you.‎ Happy New Year!‎ Merry Christmas!‎ Happy birthday!‎ Congratulations!‎ Well done! B. Thank you.‎ You, too.‎ The same to you.‎ ‎(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)‎ A. Do you want me to clean the room?‎ Can I help you?‎ Would you like me to help you?‎ What can I do for you?‎ Let me take your bags.‎ B. ①Yes, please. Yes, thanks.‎ Thank you.‎ That would be nice / fine.‎ Thank you for your (the) help.‎ ‎②No, thanks / thank you.‎ Thank you all the same.‎ That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.‎ ‎(10)约会(Making appointments )‎ A. Will you be free tomorrow?‎ Do you have time this afternoon?‎ How about tomorrow morning?‎ When / Where shall we meet?‎ Could we meet at ‎4:30‎?‎ Let's make it ‎4:30‎.‎ B. ① Yes, I'll be free then.‎ All right. See you then.‎ ‎② I'm afraid I have no time then.‎ Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow.‎ ‎(11) 打电话 (Making telephone calls )‎ A. Hello! May I speak to Tom?‎ Hello! I'd like to speak to Mr. Green.‎ Is that Liu Ying speaking?‎ Can I leave a message?‎ I'll call back later / again.‎ I'll ring him / her up again.‎ B. Hello! This is Mary speaking.‎ Hello, who is this?‎ Hold the line, please.‎ Just a moment, please.‎ Hello, who's speaking?‎ Sorry. He / She isn't here right now.‎ Can I take a message?‎ Sorry. I can't hear you.‎ The line is bad / busy.‎ I couldn't get through.‎ Sorry, I'm afraid you have the wrong number.‎ ‎(12) 就餐 (Having meals)‎ A. Would you like something to eat / drink?‎ What would you like (to have)?‎ Would you like some more fish?‎ Help yourself to some fish.‎ B.① Yes, I'd like a drink.‎ I'd like rice and chicken.‎ Just a little, please.‎ Can I have some more soup?‎ It's so delicious. Thank you.‎ ‎② No, thank you. I've had enough.‎ ‎ I'm full, thank you.‎ It's very delicious, but I can't eat any more.‎ ‎(13)就医 (Seeing the doctor)‎ A. What's the matter?‎ What seems to be the trouble?‎ Do you have a fever?‎ How long have you felt like this?‎ It's nothing serious.‎ Take this medicine three times a day.‎ You'll be all right / well soon.‎ B. I have a headache / cough / fever.‎ I feel terrible / bad / horrible / awful.‎ I don't feel well.‎ I've got a pain here.‎ It hurts here.‎ I can't sleep well.‎ ‎(14)购物 (Shopping)‎ A. Can / May I help you?‎ What can I do for you?‎ How many / much would you like?‎ What colour / size / kind would you like?‎ What about this one?‎ Here's your change.‎ B. I want /I'd like a pair of shoes.‎ How much is it / are they?‎ May I try it on?‎ It's too big / small.‎ Sorry, it's too expensive.‎ Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds?‎ Two and a half kilos / pounds, please.‎ That's fine. I'll take it.‎ Just have a look.‎ Well, I'11 think about it.‎ ‎(15) 问路 (Asking the way)‎ A. Excuse me. Where's the washroom?‎ Can you tell me how to get to the post office?‎ Excuse me. Which bus goes to World‎ ‎Park?‎ Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China?‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me the way t6 the station, please?‎ How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?‎ B. ①It's over there.‎ It's about 400 metres from here.‎ Go down this street until you see the tall red building.‎ Turn right / left at the first / second crossing / comer.‎ You can't miss it.‎ You can take bus No. 103.‎ You'd better take a taxi. ?‎ ‎②Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.‎ ‎(16)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)‎ A. What's the weather like today?‎ How's the weather in Beijing?‎ What a cold / hot day today!‎ It's a nice / fine / beautiful / horrible day today.‎ B. It's sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy.‎ It's getting cool / cold / warm / hot.‎ ‎(17)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)‎ Pardon?‎ I beg your pardon? I don't understand. Sorry, I can't follow you.‎ How do you say ... in English?‎ I don't know how to say that in English.‎ I don't know the word in English.‎ How do you spell it, please?‎ I'm sorry I only know a little English.‎ ‎(18)提醒注意 (Reminding and warning)‎ Don't forget your raincoat. Remember to lock the door.‎ Mind your head/step!‎ No smoking!‎ No spitting!‎ Wet floor!‎ Look out!‎ Be careful!‎ Don't touch!‎ It's dangerous!‎ ‎(19)劝告(Advice)‎ You'd better go to see the doctor.‎ You should listen to and read English everyday.‎ You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary.‎ Don't rush / hurry/ push. Please stand in line.‎ ‎(20) 建议(Suggestions)‎ Let's go and have a look.‎ What / How about a picnic this Sunday?‎ Why don't you buy a computer?‎ Why not go to a movie?‎ ‎2. 态度 (Attitudes) ‎ ‎(21) 同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)‎ Sure. Certainly.‎ Of course. All right.‎ I agree.‎ No problem.‎ That's a good idea.‎ Yes, I think so.‎ No way.‎ Of course not.‎ I don't agree.‎ I don't think so.‎ I'm afraid not.‎ ‎(22)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)‎ This book is very interesting.‎ I like / love the movie (very much).‎ I like / love to play computer games.‎ I like taking photos.‎ I enjoy listening to music.‎ I'm interested in science.‎ He is fond of music.‎ This song is bad / awful.‎ I don't like the movie very much / at all.‎ I don't enjoy collecting stamps.‎ I hate to do homework.‎ ‎(23)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)‎ I'm sure.‎ I'm sure of that.‎ I'm (quite) sure (that) she'll join us.‎ There is no doubt that it's made of silk.‎ It's clear that it will rain soon.  ‎ I'm not so sure.‎ I'm not sure of that.‎ I'm not sure whether / if she can come.  ‎ Maybe you're right.‎ Perhaps she is at home now.‎ It's hard to say.‎ ‎(24)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)‎ A. He can / may come today.‎ It may snow tonight. It's possible to finish the homework before ‎6 o'clock.‎ B. He may not come so early.‎ He can't be in the office now.‎ It's not likely to snow soon.‎ It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.‎ ‎(25)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)‎ He can ride a bike. He's able to pass the math exam.‎ He is good at football.‎ He can't swim.‎ She's not good at swimming.‎ ‎(26)偏爱和爱好 (Preference and hobbies)‎ I prefer tea. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?‎ I like English better / the best.‎ My favourite subject is physics.‎ ‎(27)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)‎ I'll go with you.‎ I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.‎ I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.‎ I want / hope to find an English pen-friend.‎ I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.‎ I won't see the movie again.‎ I'm not going to buy the book.‎ I don't want to live in the big city.‎ ‎(28)希望和愿望(Hope and wish)‎ I wish to see you again.‎ I hope to become a doctor.‎ I hope it stays fine.‎ I wish I were younger.‎ I hope so.‎ I hope not.‎ ‎(29)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)‎ A. Very good!‎ Well done!‎ Wonderful!‎ Excellent!‎ You speak English very well.‎ Your dress is beautiful!‎ Come on! Keep trying!‎ You can do it!‎ B. Thank you.‎ OK. I'll try it again.‎ ‎(30)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)‎ What do you mean by doing so?‎ How could you cheat your teacher?‎ Why didn't you tell me the truth?‎ I'm sorry to have said that, but this room is too dirty,‎ Why don't you do something about it?‎ ‎(31) 冷淡(Indifference)‎ I don't care. ‎ It doesn't matter to me.‎ ‎3. 情感(Emotions) ‎ ‎(32)高兴(Happiness)‎ How wonderful / nice!‎ That's lovely / great / wonderful!‎ I'm so happy.‎ It's well done.‎ I'm pleased to know that.‎ ‎(33)惊奇(Surprise)‎ Really?‎ Oh dear!‎ Is that so?‎ What a surprise!‎ How nice to see you!‎ How surprising!‎ I'm surprised.‎ Does that surprise you?‎ ‎(34)忧虑(Worries)‎ What's wrong?‎ What's the matter?‎ Anything wrong?‎ What should we do?‎ Are you worried about your health?‎ ‎(35)安慰(Reassurance)‎ There, there. Don't be afraid.‎ Don't worry.‎ It's (quite) all right.‎ It'll be OK / all right.‎ ‎(36)满意(Satisfaction)‎ Good!‎ Well done!‎ Perfect!‎ That's fine.‎ That's better.‎ That's good enough.‎ I'm pleased with your spoken English.‎ ‎(37)遗憾(Regret)‎ I'm so sorry!‎ It's a great pity!‎ What a shame!‎ That's too bad!‎ ‎ (38)恐惧 (Fear)‎ Help!‎ How terrible!‎ I'm afraid of that dog.‎ I'm frightened.‎ ‎4. 时间(Time) ‎ ‎(40)时刻(Point of time)‎ A. Excuse me. What's the time, please?‎ Excuse me. What time is it?‎ When did you come to China?‎ What time do you get up every day?‎ B. It's half past five / twenty to nine.‎ I came to China in 1998.‎ I get up at ‎6 o'clock.‎ ‎(42)时段(Duration)‎ A. How long have you been in this school?‎ How long does it take you to get to school?‎ When did you live in Beijing?‎ How long have you been ill?‎ B. I have been in this school for three years.‎ It takes me twenty minutes by bike.‎ I lived in Beijing from 1996 to 1999.‎ I have been ill since last Monday night.‎ ‎(43) 频度(Frequency)‎ A. How often do you go to movies?‎ B. I go to the movie once a week.‎ I often go to movies.‎ ‎(44) 时序(Sequence)‎ What did you do next?‎ Finally we found our way out.‎ It rained even harder later on.‎ ‎5. 空间(Space) ‎ ‎(45)位置(Position)‎ A. Where is the picture?‎ B. It's on / at / above / in / under / beside / near / behind the table.‎ He sits at the back of the room.‎ The lab is in the centre of the school.‎ ‎(46)方向(Direction)‎ A. Which is the way to the station?‎ Where is the train / bus going?‎ Where are you going?‎ B. Go down this street, and turn left / right at the first crossing.‎ The train is going to Xi'an.‎ The train is going to the east / west / south / north.‎ I'm going to the railway station. I'm leaving for Shanghai.‎ ‎(47)距离(Distance)‎ A. How far is your school from here?‎ B. It's about 40 minutes by bike.‎ It's about 6 kilometres / miles away.‎ ‎6. 存在(Existence) ‎ ‎(48) 存在(Existence)‎ A. Is there a bird in the tree?‎ Are there any apples in the tree?‎ What's in the tree?‎ B. Yes, there is / are.‎ There's a bird in the tree.‎ There are many / a lot of birds in the tree.‎ ‎(49) 不存在(Non-existence)‎ A. Is there an English book in the schoolbag?‎ Are there any English books in the schoolbag?‎ Isn't there any water in the bottle?‎ B. No, there isn't / aren't (any).‎ There isn't an English book in the schoolbag.‎ There aren't any English books in the schoolbag.‎ No, there's no water in the bottle.‎ There's no more paper in the printer.‎ ‎7. 特征(Features) ‎ ‎(50)形状(Shape)‎ A. What does it look like?‎ What's the shape of the clouds?‎ B. It looks like a camel.‎ It's round / long / tall / short.‎ It's a circle / square.‎ It's a U-shaped road.‎ ‎(51)颜色(Colour)‎ A. What colour is the bag?‎ B. It's green / red / blue / yellow / black / white / orange / purple / light brown / dark blue.‎ ‎(52)材料 (Material)‎ A. What's the table made of?‎ What's the red wine made from? ‎ B. It's made of wood.‎ It's made from grapes.‎ I bought a woollen sweater yesterday.‎ ‎(53)价格(Price)‎ A. How much is the dictionary?‎ How much is it?‎ How much are they?‎ Is it cheap / expensive? ‎ B. The dictionary costs me 100 yuan.‎ The dictionary is expensive / cheap.‎ ‎(54)规格(Size)‎ A. What size is your sweater?‎ What size shoes do you wear? ‎ B. The size of my sweater is XXL.‎ It's too big / small / long / short for me.‎ ‎(55) 年龄(Age)‎ A. How old are you?‎ How old is he / she? ‎ B. I'm eighteen.‎ He / She is six years old. Uncle Wang is an old man.‎ ‎8. 计量(Measurement) ‎ ‎(56)长度(Length)‎ A. How long is the bridge?‎ B. It's 430 metres / feet long.‎ ‎(57)宽度(Width)‎ A. How wide is the river?‎ B. It's about 200 metres wide.‎ ‎(58)高度(Height)‎ A. How tall / high is the building?‎ B. It's 130 metres tall / high.‎ The building has 85 floors / stories.‎ ‎(59) 数量(Number)‎ A. How many students are there in your class?‎ How much water do you drink every day?‎ B. There are forty students in our class.‎ I drink five glasses of water every day.‎ ‎9. 比较 (Comparison) ‎ ‎(60)同级比较 (Equal comparison)‎ My ruler is as long as yours.‎ I can run as fast as you can.‎ This book is not as interesting as that one.‎ I can't run so fast as you can.‎ ‎(61)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)‎ Lily is younger than Kate.‎ The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.‎ I run faster than Jim.‎ Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.‎ Jim is the tallest in his class.‎ Tom is the best of all.‎ ‎(62)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)‎ This picture is the same as that one on the wall.‎ Lucy is like her mother.‎ Tom looks like his father.‎ My picture is different from yours.‎ There are five differences between the two pictures.‎ ‎10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations) ‎ ‎(63)原因和结果 (Cause and effect )‎ A. Why are you late for school?‎ How could you miss the train / plane?‎ B. Because I got up late this morning.‎ Since she did not feel well, she stayed at home.‎ Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train.‎ He ate too much, so he did not feel well.‎ ‎(64)目的(Purpose)‎ A. Why are you here today?‎ Why did you do that? ‎ B. I came here to see you off.‎ ‎11. 职业 (Occupation)‎ ‎(65)工作(Job)‎ A. What do you do? What's your job?‎ What are you going to be?‎ B. I'm a teacher / doctor / worker / farmer / businessman / manager.‎ I'm going to be a scientist / computer engineer.‎ ‎(66)单位(Employer)‎ A. Where do you work?‎ B. I'm teaching English In a high-school.‎ 附九、话题项目表 注：标(5)的项目为五级要求；标(8)的项目为八级要求；同时标(5)和(8)的表示用于两个级别，但八级内容有所扩展。‎ ‎1. 个人情况 (Personal information)‎ ‎(1) Individual data (name, age, date of birth, place of birth, telephone number, address, postal code, e-mail address, ID number, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(2) Family data (name, age, relationship, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) School data (school, grade, class, teacher, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(4) Data uses (filling out forms and applications, etc. ) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Jobs and career (office worker, worker, teacher, doctor, farmer, driver, official, etc.) (5)‎ ‎2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)‎ ‎(1) Family and relatives (grandparents, parents, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, cousin, son, daughter, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Friends (close neighbour, schoolmate, classmate, roommate, team-mate, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(3) Other people (neighbour, local shopkeeper, teacher, colleague, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)‎ ‎(1) Kinds of homes (apartment, house, dormitory, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Rooms in homes (bedroom, kitchen, living room, bathroom, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Furniture & home items ( table, chair, sofa, desk, bed, television, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Schools (classroom, playground, hall, computer room, office, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(5) Outside (grocery store, book shop, clothing store, market, bank, library, museum, cinema, theatre, park, road, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎4. 日常活动(Daily routines)‎ ‎(1) Getting ready (time for school, playing, bed) (5)‎ ‎(2) Dressing, brushing teeth, washing hands and face, taking a shower, etc. (5)‎ ‎(3) Eating (breakfast, lunch, snacks and dinner) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Daily chores (tidying, sweeping, doing dishes, cooking) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Homework (reading, writing, studying, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) Family time (watching television, going out, visiting, etc.) (5)‎ ‎5. 学校生活(School life)‎ ‎(1) School building (classroom, office, library, washroom, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(2) School organization (grade, class, subject, break, schedule, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) People (teacher, classmate, schoolmate, cleaner, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(4) Subjects (Chinese, maths, English, geography, history, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(5) Activities (sports, extra-curricular involvement, trip, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) Instructions (Please listen, read, get into groups, act, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(7) Educational methods (preview, review, discuss, presentation, summary) (5) (8)‎ ‎6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)‎ ‎(1) Lessons (music, dance, acting, sport, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Games (physical games, computer games, sports, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Hobbies (collecting stamps, coins, dolls, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Reading (books, newspapers, comics, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Cultural events (film, theatre, concert, opera, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) Entertainment (listening to radio, watching TV, playing CD, DVD, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(7) Socializing ‎ ‎(having parties, issuing invitations, going for picnics, going sightseeing, entertaining guests, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(8) Expressing your reactions to these activities (5)‎ ‎7. 个人感情 (Emotions)‎ ‎(1) Describing feelings (happy, sad, angry, upset, pleased, proud, lonely, worried, nervous, afraid, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Expressing emotions (smiling, laughing, crying, shouting, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Describing facial expressions and gestures (5) (8)‎ ‎8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)‎ ‎(1) People (parent, brother, sister, other family members, friend, neighbour, teacher, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Social behaviours (greeting, introducing, giving thanks, asking for permission, asking for help, solving problems, dealing with conflicts, etc. ) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Getting together (making plans / arrangements, time, date, place, event, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)‎ ‎(1) Planning (holidays, social events, travel, further education, jobs, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Organizing (asking for advice, asking for help, asking for permission, exploring possibilities, expressing needs and wants, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)‎ ‎(1) Cultural festivals (Spring Festivals, New Year's Day, Christmas, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Religious holidays (Christmas, Easter, Ramada, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Personal celebrations (birthday, anniversary, graduation, etc. ) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Describing your own experiences of these activities and stating your preferences, etc.‎ ‎11. 购物( Shopping)‎ ‎(1) Planning (shopping list, needs, wants, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(2) Products (clothes, groceries, personal items, electronics, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Selecting (quality, weights, measures, size, colour, style, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Paying (price, quantity, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(5) Expressing compliments and responding to them (8)‎ ‎12. 饮食(Food and drink)‎ ‎(1) Meats (beef, chicken, pork, fish, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(2) Soups (chicken, tofu, vegetable, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(3) Vegetables (cabbage, eggplant, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Staple food (rice, bread, noodles, cake) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Drinks (milk, water, juice, soft drink, coke, alcoholic drinks, beer, wine, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(6) Fast foods (sandwiches, noodles, dumplings, hot dogs, hamburgers, chips, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(7) Snacks (ice cream, chips, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(8) Eating customs (ways of eating, kinds of food, times to eat,‎ table manners, chopsticks, knife, fork, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(9) Ordering and offering different foods and drinks (5) (8)‎ ‎(10) Likes and dislikes (favourite food, favourite drinks, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎13. 健康(Health)‎ ‎(1) Eating habits (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Physical fitness and exercise (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Personal hygiene (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Illnesses (stomachache, headache, flu, cold, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Medications (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) Accidents (5) (8)‎ ‎(7) Doctors, nurses & hospitals (5) (8)‎ ‎(8) Describing problems (parts of the body, pains, etc.)‎ ‎(9) Medical insurance (8)‎ ‎14. 天气(Weather)‎ ‎(1) Describing weather (sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Understanding weather reports (conditions, temperature, rain, snow, wind, sun, cloud, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Dressing for the weather (coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, windbreaker, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Extreme weather (storms, gales, hurricanes, etc.) (8)‎ ‎15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)‎ ‎(1) Movies and theatre (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Music and dance (folk music and dance, popular music and classical music) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Team games (football, basketball, volleyball, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Games of two or four (table tennis, tennis, golf, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Racing (running, swimming, horse racing, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) International sports events (Olympic Games, World Cup, Football League, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(7) Spectators and fans (5) (8)‎ ‎(8) Physical exercises (5) (8)‎ ‎16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)‎ ‎(1) Methods of transportation (walking, cycling, horse riding, taking buses, trains, boats, planes) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Travel (schedules, maps, tickets, fares) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Getting and asking directions (left, right, straight ahead, north, south, east, west, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Safety rules and warnings (traffic lights, caution, walk, stop, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) International travel (passport, visas, expenses, currency, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) Inquiring and making reservations (hotels, tourist spots, etc, ) (5) (8)‎ ‎(7) Describing a journey (5) (8)‎ ‎17. 语言学习(Language learning)‎ ‎(1) Differences between American English and British English (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Language and culture (8)‎ ‎(3) Language learning difficulties (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Attitudes to language and communication (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Language learning strategies (5) (8)‎ ‎(6) Communications repair (8)‎ ‎18. 自然 (Nature) ‎ ‎(1) Plants (green plants, trees, bushes, grass, vegetables, crops, flowers. etc.) (5)‎ ‎(2) Animals (farm animals, wild animals, endangered animals, pets, etc.) (5)‎ ‎(3) The sun, the moon and stars (5)‎ ‎(4) Describing land (cities, farms, hill, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Volcano (8)‎ ‎19. 世界和环境(The world and the environment)‎ ‎(1) Countries and maps (China, Great Britain, United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Russia, India, Egypt, Cuba. etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Issues (pollution, land use and quality, population growth, housing, etc.) (5) (8)‎ ‎20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)‎ ‎(1) Recent inventions, medical advances, technological advances, etc. (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Computer science (5) (8)‎ ‎21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)‎ ‎(1) Population (8)‎ ‎(2) Environmental conservation (8)‎ ‎(3) Crime and punishment (8)‎ ‎(4) Social differences (8)‎ ‎(5) Pollution (5) (8)‎ ‎22. 历史和地理( History and geography)‎ ‎(1) General knowledge of history and geography about China (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) General knowledge of history and geography about the world (8)‎ ‎(3) Historic events (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Historical persons (5) (8)‎ ‎23. 社会 (Society)‎ ‎(1) Nationality and people (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Famous people (contemporary) (5) (8)‎ ‎(3) Law (rules and regulations, traffic codes) (5) (8)‎ ‎(4) Ways of dressing (types of clothes, daily clothes or dress, situation and dressing) (5) (8)‎ ‎(5) Names of religions (8)‎ ‎(6) Religions and culture (8)‎ ‎(7) Religious festivals (5) (8)‎ ‎(8) Customs and culture (5) (8)‎ ‎24. 文学与艺术 (Literature and art)‎ ‎(1) Forms of literature and art (play, drama, novel, essay, poetry, short story) (5) (8)‎ ‎(2) Famous literary people and artists (8)‎ 附十、词汇表 注：1. 本词汇表共收约1600个单词。带*号的单词不要求掌握，只要求理解。‎ ‎2．部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。‎ A a(an) ‎ art. 一（个、件……）‎ ‎*‎ ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够，有能力的 about prep. 关于；在各处；四处 ‎ ad. 大约；到处；四处 above ‎ prep. 在……上面 abroad ‎ a. ad. 到（在）国外 ‎*‎ absent ‎ a. 缺席；不在 ‎*‎ accent n. 重音；音调；重读 accept ‎ v. 接受 accident ‎ n. 事故，意外的事 ‎*‎ ache ‎ n. 痛，疼痛 ‎*‎ achieve ‎ v. 达到，取得 across ‎ prep. 横过，穿过 act ‎ n. 法令，条例 v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），‎ 演出；行动，做事 action ‎ n. 行动 active ‎ a. 积极的，主动的 activity ‎ n. 活动 ‎*‎ add ‎ v. 添加，增加 address ‎ n. 地址 advantage ‎ n. 优点；好处 advertisement ‎ n. 广告 ‎*‎ advice ‎ n. 忠告，劝告，建议 advise ‎ v. 忠告，劝告，建议 afford ‎ v. 负担得起（……的费用）；‎ 抽得出（时间）；提供 after ad. 在后；后来 prep. 在……之后;‎ 在……后面 conj. 在……之后 afternoon n. 下午，午后 again ad. 再一次；再，又 against prep. 对着，反对 age n. 年龄；时代 ago ad. 以前 agree v. 统一；应允 ‎*‎ agreement n. 统一，一致；协定，协议 air n. 空气，大气 ‎*‎ airline n. 航空公司；航空系统 ‎*‎ airplane n. 航空站，飞机场 ‎*‎ airport n. 活着的，存在的 alive a. ‎ all a. 全（部）；所有的；总；整 pron. 全部；全体人员 allow v. 允许；准许 almost ad. 几乎，差不多 alone a. 单独的，孤独的 along ad. prep.‎ aloud ad. 大声地 already ad. 已经 also ad. 也 although conj. 虽然，尽管 always ad. 总是；一直；永远 America n. 美国；美洲 American n. 美国人 ‎ a. 美国的；美国人的 among prep. 在……中间；在（三个以上）之间 ‎*‎ ancient a. 古代的，古老的 and conj. 和；又；而 angry a. 生气的，愤怒的 animal n. 动物 another a. 再一；另一；别的；不同的 ‎ pron. 另一个 answer n. 回答；答复；回信；答案 v. 回答；答复；回信；（作出）答案 ‎*‎ ant n. 蚂蚁 any pron. （无论）哪一个；哪些 a. 任何的；（用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么 anybody pron. 任何人，无论谁 anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁 anything pron. 什么事（物）；‎ 任何事（物）‎ ‎*‎ anyway ad. 不管怎样 ‎*‎ anywhere ad. 任何地方 appear v. 出现 apple n. 苹果 April n. 4月 area n. 面积；地域；地方；‎ 区域；范围；领域 arm n. 臂，支架 ‎*‎ army n. 军队 around prep. 在……周围；大约 ad. 在周围，在附近 arrive v. 到达；达到 art n. 艺术，美术；技艺 ‎*‎ article n. 文章；东西；物品；冠词 as ad. 像…一样；如同；因为 conj. 像…一样；如同；因为 prep. 作为；当做 Asia n. 亚洲 ‎*‎ Asian a. 亚洲的，亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人 ask v. 问，询问；请求，‎ 要求；邀请 asleep a. 睡着的，熟睡 at prep. 在（几点钟）；‎ 在（某处）‎ ‎*‎ Atlantic n. 大西洋 a. 大西洋的 attention n. 注意，关心 August n. 8月 aunt n. 伯母；舅母；婶；姑；姨 Australia n. 澳洲；澳大利亚 Australian n. 澳大利亚人 a. 澳洲的，澳大利亚人的 autumn n. 秋天，秋季 ‎*‎ available a. 可用到的, 可利用的, ‎ 有用的, 有空的 ‎*‎ avoid v. 避免，躲开，逃避 ‎*‎ awake v. 唤醒 away ad. 离开，远离 B baby n. 婴儿 back n. 背后，后部，背 ad. 回（原处）；向后 ‎*‎ background n. 背景 bad(worse, worst)‎ a. 坏的；有害的；不利的；严重的 bag n. 书包；提包；袋子 ball n. 球 balloon n. 气球 bamboo n. 竹 banana n. 香蕉 bank n. 银行；‎ ‎（河、海、湖的）岸，堤 ‎*‎ baseball n. 棒球 ‎*‎ basic a. 基本的 basket n. 篮子 basketball n. 篮球 ‎*‎ bathroom n. 浴室，盥洗室 be(is, am, are, was, were, being, been)‎ Aux. 是（原形） ‎ v. 成为 beach n. 海滨，海滩 bear n. 熊 beat n. （音乐）节拍 v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 beautiful a. 美的，美丽的，美观的 because conj. 因为 become(became, become)‎ v. 变得；成为 bed n. 床 bedroom n. 寝室，卧室 bee n. 蜜蜂 beef n. 牛肉 before prep. 在…以前；在…前面 ad. 以前 conj. 在……之前 begin(began, begun)‎ v. 开始，着手 ‎*‎ behviour n. 行为，举止 behind prep. （表示位置）‎ 在……后面 believe v. 相信，认为 bell n. 钟，铃；钟(铃)声；‎ 钟形物 below prep. 在……下面 beside prep. 在……旁边；‎ 靠近 besides ‎ prep. 除…以外(还有)‎ ad. 还有，此外 between prep. 在（两者）之间；‎ 在…中间 ‎*‎ beyond prep. （表示位置）‎ 在…的那边 big a. 大的 bike=bicycle n. 自行车 bill n. 账单；法案，议案；‎ ‎（美）钞票，纸币 bird n. 鸟 ‎*‎ birth n. 出生；诞生 birthday n. 生日 ‎*‎ biscuit n. 饼干 bit n. 一点，一些，‎ 少量的 ‎*‎ bitter a. 有苦味的；痛苦的，‎ 难过的；严酷的 black a. 黑色的 n. 黑色 blackboard n. 黑板 blind a. 瞎的 ‎*‎ blood n. 血，血液 blow (blew, blown）‎ v. 吹；刮风；吹气 blue n. 蓝色 a. 蓝色的 board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会；‎ ‎（政府的）部 boat n. 小船，小舟 body n. 身体 book n. 书；本子 boring a. 乏味的，无聊的 born a. 出生 borrow v. （向别人）借用；借 ‎*‎ boss n. 领班；老板 both pron. 两者；双方 a. 两；双 bottle n. 瓶子 bottom n. 底部；底 bowl n. 碗 box n. 盒子，箱子 boy n. 男孩 ‎*‎ brain n. 脑（子）‎ brave a. 勇敢的 bread n. 面包 break(broke, broken)‎ v.& n. 打破（断，碎）；‎ 损坏，撕开 breakfast n. 早餐 ‎*‎ breath n. 气息；呼吸 breathe v. 呼吸 bridge n. 桥 bright a. 明亮的；聪明的 bring(brought, brought)‎ v. 拿来，带来，取来 brother n. 兄；弟 brown n. 褐色，棕色 a. 褐色的，棕色的 brush v. 刷；擦 n. 刷子 build(built, built)‎ v. 建筑；造 building n. 建筑物；房屋；大楼 burn(-ed,ed/burnt, burnt)‎ v. 燃，烧，着火；使烧焦；使晒黑 bus n. 公共汽车 business n. （本分）工作，职业，‎ 职责；生意 busy a. 忙（碌）的 but conj. 但是，可是 butter n. 黄油，奶油 ‎*‎ butterfly n. 蝴蝶 buy(bought,bought)‎ v. 买 by prep. 靠近，在…旁；在…时间；不迟于；被，用；由；乘（车)‎ bye interj. 再见 C ‎*‎ cabbage n. 卷心菜，洋白菜 cake n. 蛋糕，糕点；饼 call v. 称呼；呼唤；喊，叫 n. 喊，叫；电话，通话 camel n. 骆驼 camera n. 照相机；摄像机 ‎*‎ camp n. （夏令）营 v. 镇静；沉着 can modal v. 可能；‎ 能够；可以 Canada‎ ‎ n. 加拿大 ‎*‎ cancel v. 取消 candle n. 蜡烛 cancer n. 癌 candy n. 糖果 cap n. 帽子；（瓶子的）盖；‎ 笔套 capital n. 首都，省会；大写；资本 ‎*‎ captain n. （海军）上校；‎ 船长，舰长；队长 car n. 汽车，小卧车 card n. 卡片；名片；纸牌 care n. 照料，保护；小心 v. 介意……，在乎；关心 careful a. 小心的，仔细的，‎ 谨慎的 careless a. 粗心的，漫不经心的 carry v. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等 cat n. 猫 catch(caught, caught)‎ v. 接住；捉住；赶上；‎ 染上（疾病）‎ cause n. 原因，起因 v. 促使，引起，使发生 CD n. 光盘 ‎*‎ CD-ROM n. 信息储存光盘 ‎*‎ ceiling n. 天花板，顶棚 celebrate v. 庆祝 cent n. 美分 centre n. 中心，中央 century n. 世纪，百年 certain a. （未指明真实名称的）某…；确定的，无疑的；一定会…‎ chair n. 椅子 ‎*‎ chairman/woman n. （女）主席,（女）会长；‎ ‎（女）议长 chalk n. 粉笔 chance n. 机会，可能性 change v. 改变，变化；更换；兑换 ‎*‎ chant n. & v. 圣歌 cheap a. 便宜的，贱 ‎*‎ cheat v. 骗取，哄骗；作弊 check n. 检查；批改 v. 校对，核对；检查，批改 ‎*‎ cheer n. 欢呼；喝彩 v. 欢呼；喝彩 cheese n. 奶酪 chemistry n. 化学 chess n. 棋 ‎*‎ chest n. 箱子，盒子；胸部 chicken n. 鸡，鸡肉 child(pl. children)‎ n. 孩子，儿童 China n. 中国 Chinese n. 中国人；中国话,汉语，‎ 中文 a. 中国的，中国人的；‎ ‎ 中国话的，汉语的 chocolate n. 巧克力 ‎*‎ choice n. 选择；抉择 choose v. 选择 ‎*‎ chopsticks n. 筷子 Christmas n. 圣诞节 ‎*‎ church n. 教堂，教会 cinema n. 电影院；电影 circle n. 圆圈 v. 将…圈起来 city n. 市，城市，都市 ‎*‎ clap v. n. 拍手，鼓掌 class n. （学校里的）班；年级；课 classmate n. 同班同学 classroom n. 教室 clean v. 弄干净，擦干净 a. 清洁的，干净的 clear a. 清晰的；明亮的；清楚的 clever a. 聪明的，伶俐的 climb v. 爬，攀登 clock n. 钟 ‎*‎ clone v. 克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）‎ close v. 关，关闭 a. 亲密的，近，靠近 clothes n. 衣服；各种衣物 cloud n. 云，云状物；阴影 cloudy a. 多云的，阴天的 club n. 俱乐部；纸牌上的梅花 ‎*‎ coach n. 教练；马车；长途车 coal n. 煤；煤块 ‎*‎ coast n. 海岸；海滨 coat n. 外套；涂层；表皮；皮毛 coffee n. 咖啡 coin n. 硬币 coke n. 可口可乐 cold n. 寒冷；感冒；伤风 a. 冷的，寒的 collect v. 收集，搜集 college n. 学院，专科学校 colour(Am. color)‎ n. 颜色 v. 给……着色，涂色 come(came, come)‎ v. 来，来到 comfortable a. 舒服的；安逸的；‎ 舒服自在的 ‎*‎ common a. 普通的，一般的；共有的 ‎*‎ communicate v. ‎ ‎*‎ communication n. 交际；交往；通讯 company n. 公司 ‎*‎ compare v. 比较，对照 ‎*‎ competition n. 比赛，竞赛 ‎*‎ complete a. 完成的 ‎ v. 完成，结束 ‎*‎ composition n. 作文，作曲 computer n. 电子计算机 concert n. 音乐会；演奏会 ‎*‎ condition n. 条件，状况 ‎*‎ conference n. （正式的）会议；讨论 connect v. 连接，把……联系起来 ‎*‎ consider v. 考虑 ‎*‎ continue v. 继续 ‎*‎ control v. 控制 conversation n. 谈话，交谈 cook v. 烹调，做饭 n. 炊事员，厨师 ‎*‎ cooker n. 厨具（锅、炉灶、烤炉等）‎ cool a. 凉爽的，凉的；酷 copy n. 抄本，副本；一本（份，册……）‎ v. 抄写；复印；‎ ‎（计算机用语拷）（备份盘）‎ corner n. 角，拐角，角落 correct a. 正确的，对的，恰当的 v. 改正，纠正 cost v. 值（多少钱）；花费 n. 价格 cotton n. 棉花 a. 棉花的 cough n. v. 咳嗽 could modal v. (can的过去式）可以……；（表示许可或请求）可以……，行 count v. 数，点数 country n. 国家；农村，乡下 countryside n. 乡下，农村 ‎*‎ couple n. 夫妇，一对 ‎*‎ courage n. 勇气，胆略 ‎*‎ course n. 过程，经过，课程 cousin n. 堂（表）兄弟，‎ 堂（表）姐妹 cover n. 盖子，罩 v. 遮盖，覆盖，掩盖 cow n. 母牛，奶牛 ‎*‎ crayon n. 蜡笔，蜡笔画 ‎*‎ crazy a. 疯狂的 ‎*‎ create v. 造成，创造 cross v. 穿越，经过 n. 十字形的东西 ‎*‎ cruel a. 残忍的，残酷的，无情的 cry v. 喊叫，哭 n. 叫喊，哭声 culture n. 文化 cup n. 茶杯 cut(cut, cut)‎ v. 切，剪，削，割 n. 伤口 D dad(daddy)‎ n. （口语）爸爸，爹 ‎*‎ daily a. 每日的，日常的 ad. 每天 n. 日报 dance v. n. 跳舞 danger n. 危险 dangerous a. 危险的 dare v. aux. (后接不带to的不定式；主要用于疑问，否定或条件句），敢，敢于 dark a. 黑暗的；暗淡的；深色的 n. 黑暗；暗处；日暮 date n. 日期，约会，枣 daughter n. 女儿 day n. (一)天，(一)日；白天 dead a. 死的；无生命的 ‎*‎ deaf a. 聋的 deal n. 量，数额；交易 dear a. 亲爱的；贵的 death n. 死 December n. 12月 decide v. 决定；下决心 decision n. 决定；决心 deep a. 深 ad. 深；深厚 ‎*‎ degree n. 程度；度数；学位 delicious a. 美味的，可口的 ‎*‎ dentist n. 牙科医生 ‎*‎ depend v. 依靠，依赖，指望；取决于 describe v. 描写，叙述 desk n. 书桌，写字台 develop v. （使）发展；（使）发达；‎ ‎（使）发育；开发 ‎*‎ development n. 发展，发达，发育，开发 dialogue ‎(Am dialog)‎ n. 对话 diary n. 日记，日记簿 dictionary n. 词典，字典 die v. 死 difference n. 不同 different a. 不同的，有差异的 difficult a. 难的；艰难的；不易相处的 difficulty n. 困难，费力 dig(dug, dug)‎ v. 挖（洞、沟等）；掘 dinner n. 正餐，宴会 ‎*‎ direct a. 直接的；直达的；直截了当的 v. 指挥；指导；监督；管理；‎ 指挥（演奏）；导演（电影）‎ ‎*‎ direction n. 方向；方位 director n. 所长，处长，主任；董事；导演 dirty a. 脏的 discover v. 发现 ‎*‎ discovery n. 发现 discuss v. 讨论，议论 discussion n. 讨论，辩论 disease n. 病，疾病 dish n. 盘，碟；盘装菜；盘形物 ‎*‎ dismiss v. 让…离开；遣散；解散；解雇 ‎*‎ disturb v. 扰乱；打扰 divide v. 分，划分 do(did, done)‎ v. 做，干 doctor n. 一生，大夫；博士 dog n. 狗 doll n. 玩偶，玩具娃娃 dollar n. 元（美国、加拿大、‎ 澳大利亚等国货币单位)‎ door n. 门 double a. 两倍的，双的 n. 两个；双 ‎*‎ doubt n. v. 怀疑，疑惑 down ad. 向下 prep. 沿着，沿……而下 downstairs ad. 在楼下；到楼下 ‎*‎ dozen n. 十二个；几十，许多 draw(drew, drawn)‎ v. 绘画；绘制；拉，拖；‎ 提取（金钱）‎ ‎*‎ drawer n. 抽屉 dream(-ed,-ed/ dreamt, dreamt)‎ v. n. 梦，梦想 dress n. 女服，连衣裙；（统指）服装；童装 v. 穿衣；穿着 drink(drank, drunk)‎ v. 喝，饮 drive(drove, driven)‎ v. 驾驶，开（车）；驱赶 driver n. 司机，驾驶员 drop n. 滴 v. 掉下，落下；投递；放弃 ‎*‎ drug n. 药，药物；毒品 ‎*‎ drum n. 鼓 dry v. 使……干；弄干；擦干 a. 干的，干燥的 duck n. 鸭子 dumpling n. 饺子 during prep. 在……期间；在……过程中 duty n. 责任，义务 ‎*‎ DVD n. 数码影碟 E each a. pron. 每人，每个，每件 ear n. 耳朵，耳状物；听力，听觉 early a. ad. 早的(地)‎ earth n. 地球；土，泥；大地 east a. 东方的；东部的；朝东的；从东方来的 ad. 在东方；向东方；从东方 n. 东，东方；东部 easy a. 容易的，不费力的 eat(ate, eaten)‎ v. 吃 ‎*‎ edge n. 边缘 education n. 教育，培养 ‎*‎ effort n. 努力，艰难的尝试 egg n. 蛋；卵 eight num. 八 eighteen num. 十八 eighth num. 第八 eighty num. 八十 either a. 两方任一方的；‎ conj. 二者之一二者之一；‎ 要么……‎ ad. (用于否定句或短语后)也 ‎*‎ elder a. 长者；前辈 ‎*‎ electric a. 电的 elephant n. 象 eleven num. 十一 else a. 别的，其他的 e-mail n. 电子邮件 v. 发电子邮件 empty a. 空的 encourage v. 鼓励 end n. 末尾；钟点；结束 v. 结束，终止 ‎*‎ enemy n. 敌人；敌军 ‎*‎ energy n. 精力，能量 engineer n. 工程师，技师 England n. 英格兰 English n. 英国的，英国人的，英语的 a. 英语 enjoy v. 欣赏；享受……之乐趣；‎ 喜欢 enough a. 足够的，充分的 ad. 足够地；充分地 enter v. 进入 ‎*‎ environment n. 娱乐 eraser n. 橡皮擦；黑板擦 especially ad. 特别，尤其 Europe n. 欧洲 European a. 欧洲的，欧洲人的 n. 欧洲人 even ad. 甚至，连（……都）；更 evening n. 傍晚，晚上 ever ad. 曾经，无论何时 every a. 每一，每个的 everybody pron. 每人，人人 ‎*‎ everyday a. 每日的，日常的 everyone pron. 每人，人人 everything pron. 每件事，事事 everywhere ad. 到处 exam=examination n. 考试，测试；检查；审查 ‎*‎ examine v. 检查；诊察 example n. 例子；榜样 excellent a. 极好的，优秀的 except prep. 除……之外 excite v. 使兴奋，使激动 excuse n. 借口；辩解 v. 原谅；宽恕 exercise v. 锻炼 n. 锻炼，做操；练习，习题 expect v. 预料；盼望；认为 expensive a. 昂贵的 experience n. 经验，经历 experiment n. 实验 explain v. 解释，说明 express v. 表达，表示，表情 eye n. 眼睛 F face n. 脸 v. 面向；面对 fact n. 事实，现实 factory n. 工厂 fail v. 失败，不及格；衰退 ‎*‎ fair a. 公平的，合理的 fall(fell, fallen)‎ v. 落（下），降落；倒 family n. 家庭，家族；子女 famous a. 著名的 fan n. 风扇 ‎*‎ fantastic a. （口语）极好的，美妙的，‎ 很棒的 far(farther, farthest/‎ further, furthest)‎ a. 远的 ad. 远地 farm n. 农场；农庄 farmer n. 农民 fast a. 快的，迅速的；紧密的 ad. 快地，迅速地；紧密地 fat a. 胖的；肥的 father n. 父亲 Favourite (Am ‎ a. 喜爱的 ‎ ‎ favorite)‎ n. 特别喜爱的人（或物）‎ fear n. 害怕；恐惧；担忧 February n. 2月 feed(fed, fed)‎ v. 喂（养）；饲（养）‎ feel(felt, felt)‎ v. 感觉，觉得；摸，触 feeling n. 感情；感觉 festival n. 节日的，喜庆的 fetch v. （去）取（物）来，‎ ‎（去）带（人）来 fever n. 发烧；发热 few pron. 不多，少数 a. 不多的，少数的 field n. 田地；牧场；场地 fifth num. 第五 fifty num. 五十 fight(fought, fought)‎ v. 打仗（架）,与……打仗（架）；‎ n. 争论 fill v. 填空，装满 film n. 电影，影片；胶卷 final a. 最后的；终极的 find(found, found)‎ v. 找到，发现，感到 fine a. 细的；晴朗的；美好的；‎ ‎（身体）健康的 finger n. 手指 finish v. 结束，做完 fire n. 火，火炉；火灾 first num. 第一 ad. 第一，首次 a. 最初 fish n. 鱼；鱼肉 ‎*‎ fisherman n. 渔民；钓鱼健身者 fit a. 健康的，适合的 v. （使）适合，安装 five num. 五 fix v. 修理；安装；确定，决定 flag n. 旗；标志；旗舰 ‎*‎ flat n. 楼中一套房间；‎ 公寓（常用复数）‎ floor n. 地面，地板；（楼房地）层 flower n. 花 ‎*‎ flu n. 流行性感冒 fly(flew, flown)‎ v. （鸟、飞机）飞；（人乘飞机）飞行；（旗子等）飘动 fly n. 飞行，苍蝇 follow v. 跟随；仿效；跟得上 food n. 食物，食品 foot(pl. feet)‎ n. 足，脚；英尺 football n. （英式）足球，‎ ‎（美式）橄榄球 for prep. 为了……；向……，往……；‎ 防备……；适合……；‎ 因为……‎ ‎*‎ force v. 强迫，迫使 foreign a. 外国的 foreigner n. 外国人 forest n. 森林 forget(forgot, forgot)‎ v. 忘记，忘掉 ‎*‎ fork n. 叉，餐叉 form n. 表格；形式；结构 forty num. 四十 ‎*‎ forward ad. 将来，今后；向前，前进 four num. 四 fourteen num. 十四 fourth num. 第四 fox n. 狐狸 free a. 自由的，空闲的；免费的 freeze(froze, frozen)‎ v. 结冰 fresh a. 新鲜的 Friday n. 星期五 fridge(=refrigerator)‎ n. 冰箱 friend n. 朋友 friendly a. 友好的 friendship n. 友谊，友情 ‎*‎ frog n. 青蛙 from prep. 从；从……起；距；来自 front a. 前面的；前部的 n. 前面；前部；前线 fruit n. 水果，果实 full a. 满的，充满的；完全的 fun n. 有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑 funny a. 有趣的，滑稽可笑的 ‎*‎ furniture n. （总称）家具 future n. 将来 G game n. 游戏；运动；比赛 garden n. 花园；果园，菜园 gate n. 大门 general a. 大体的，笼统的，总的 gentleman n. 绅士，先生；‎ 有身份、有教养的人 geography n. 地理学 ‎*‎ gesture n. 姿势，手势 get(got, got)‎ v. 成为；得到；具有；到达 gift n. 赠品；礼物 ‎*‎ giraffe n. 长颈鹿 girl n. 女孩 give(gave, given)‎ v. 给；递给；付出；给予 glad a. 高兴的；乐意的 glass n. 玻璃杯；玻璃；（复）眼镜 glove n. 手套 go(went, gone)‎ v. 去，走；驶；通到；到达 goat n. 山羊 ‎*‎ god n. 神，（大写）上帝 gold n. 黄金 a. 金的，黄金的 ‎*‎ golden a. 金（黄）色的 good(better, best)‎ a. 好，良好 goodbye(bye-bye)‎ interj. 再见；再会 goose(pl. geese)‎ n. 鹅 government n. 政府 grade n. 等级；（中小学的）学年；成绩，分数 ‎*‎ grammar n. 语法 ‎*‎ grandchild n. （外）孙或孙女，孙辈 granddaughter n. （外）孙女 grandma=grandmother n. 奶奶；外婆 grandpa=grandfather n. 爷爷，外公 grandparent n. 祖父母，外祖父母 grandson n. （外）孙子 ‎*‎ granny n. 老奶奶；祖母；外婆 grape n. 葡萄 grass n. 草；草场；牧草 great a. 伟大的；重要的；好极了 green a. 绿色的；青的 n. 绿色 ‎*‎ greeting n. 祝贺 ground n. 地面 group n. 组，群 grow(grew, grown)‎ v. 生长；发育；种植；变成 ‎*‎ guard n. 防护装置，警戒 guess v. 猜 guest n. 客人，宾客 guitar n. 吉他，六弦琴 ‎*‎ gun n. 枪，炮 ‎*‎ gym=gymnasium n. 体操，体育馆；健身房 H habit n. 习惯，习性 hair n. 头发 half a. n. 半，一半，半个 hall n. 大厅，会堂，礼堂；过道 ‎*‎ ham n. 火腿 hamburger n. 汉堡包 hand n. 手，指针 handbag n. 女用皮包，手提包 ‎*‎ handsome a. 英俊的 ‎*‎ handwriting n. 书法 hang(hung, hung)‎ v. 处（人）绞刑；上吊 happen v. （偶然）发生 happy a. 幸福的；快乐的，高兴的 hard ad. 努力地；使劲；猛烈地 a. 硬的；困难的；艰难的 hardly ad. 几乎不 hat n. 帽子（一般指有边的）；‎ 礼帽 hate v. 恨 n.讨厌 have(has, had, had)‎ v. 动词have的第三人称单数 现在式 he pron. 他 head n. 头；头脑（像）；才智；首脑；源头；标题 headache n. 头疼 health n. 健康，卫生 healthy a. 健康的，健壮的 hear(heard, heard)‎ v. 听见；听说，得知 heart n. 心；心脏；纸牌中的红桃 heat n. 热 heaven n. 天，天空 heavy a. 重的 height n. 高，高度 hello(hi)‎ interj喂；你好（表示打招呼，问候或唤起注意）‎ help v. n. 帮助，帮忙 helpful a. 有帮助的，有益的 hen n. 母鸡 her pron. 她（宾格），她的 here ad. 这里，在这里；向这里 hero n. 英雄，勇士，男主角 hers pron. 她的（名次形物主代词）‎ herself pron. 她自己 hide(hid, hidden)‎ v. 把……藏起来，隐藏 high a. 高的；高度的 hill n. 小山；丘陵；土堆；斜坡 him pron. 他（宾格）‎ himself pron. 他自己 his pron. 他的 history n. 历史，历史学 hit(hit, hit)‎ v. 打，撞，击中 hobby n. 业务爱好，嗜好 hold(held, held)‎ v. 拿；抱；握住；举行；进行 hole n. 洞，坑 holiday n. 假日；假期 home n. 家 ad. 到家；回家 hometown n. 故乡 homework n. 家庭作业 honest a. 诚实的，正直的 ‎*‎ honour(Am honor)‎ n. 钩子 v. 衔接，连接 hope n. v. 希望 horse n. 马 hospital n. 医院 hot a. 热的 ‎*‎ hotdog n. 热狗（红肠面包）‎ hotel n. 旅馆，饭店，宾馆 hour n. 小时 house n. 房子，住宅 housework n. 家务劳动 how ad. 怎样，如何；多少；多么 however ad. 可是 ‎ conj. 然而，可是，尽管如此 huge a. 巨大的，庞大的 human a. n. 人的，人类的 ‎*‎ humorous a. 富于幽默的 hundred num. 百 hungry a. (饥）饿的 hurry v. 赶快，急忙 hurt(hurt, hurt)‎ v. 伤害，受伤；伤人感情 husband n. 丈夫 I I pron. 我 ice n. 冰 ice-reeam n. 冰淇淋 idea n. 主意，意见，打算，想法 if conj. 如果，假使；是否，是不是 ill a. 有病的；不健康的 illness n. 疾病 imagine v. 想像，设想 ‎*‎ immediately ad. 立即 important a. 重要的 impossible a. 不可能的 improve v. 改进，更新 in prep. 在……里（内）；在……；以……‎ ‎*‎ inch n. 英寸 include v. 包含，包括 increase v. n. 增加，繁殖 India n. 印度 Indian a. （美州）印第安人的；‎ 印度人的印第安人；‎ n. 印度人 ‎*‎ industry n. 工业，产业 ‎*‎ influence n. 影响 information n. 信息 ink n. 墨水，油墨 inside prep. 在……里面 ‎*‎ insist v. 坚持；坚决认为 instead ad. 代替，顶替 instruction n. 说明，须知；教导 ‎*‎ intention n. 意图, 目的 interest n. 兴趣，趣味 interesting a. 有趣的 ‎*‎ international n. 国际的 Internet n. 互联网，英特网 ‎*‎ interview n. v. 采访，会见，面试 into prep. 到……里；向内；变成 introduce v. 介绍 ‎*‎ introduction n. 引进，介绍 invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. 发明，创造 invite v. 邀请，招待 ‎*‎ iron n. 铁，熨斗；v. 熨烫 island n. 岛 it prop. 它 its pron. 它的 itself pron. 它自己 J jacket n. 短上衣，夹克衫 January n. 1月 Japan n. 日本 Japanese n. 日本人，日语 a. 日本的，日本人的，日语的 ‎*‎ jeans n. 牛仔裤 job n. （一份）工作 join v. 参加，假如；连接；会合 joke n. v. 笑话 ‎*‎ joy n. 欢乐，高兴，乐趣 juice n. 汁，液 July n. 7月 jump v. 跳跃；惊起；猛扑 June n. 6月 just ad. 刚才，恰好；不过；仅 a. 公正的 K keep(kept, kept)‎ v. 保持；保存；继续不断 key n. 钥匙；答案；键；关键 keyboard n. 键盘 kick v. n. 踢 kid n. 小孩 kill v. 杀死，弄死 kilo=kilogram n. 千克 kilometre (Am. kilometer)‎ n. 千米（公里）‎ kind a. 善良的；友好的 kind n. 种；类 king n. 国王 kiss n. v. 吻，亲吻 kitchen n. 厨房 kite n. 风筝 knee n. 膝盖 knife(pl. knives)‎ n. 小刀；匕首；刀片 knock v. n. 敲；打；击 know(knew, known)‎ v. 知道，了解；认识；懂得 knowledge n. 知识，学问 L lab=labiratirt n. 实验室 ‎*‎ labour (Am. labor)‎ n. 劳动 lady n. 女士，夫人 lake n. 湖 ‎*‎ lamb n. 羔羊 lamp n. 灯，油灯；光源 land n. 陆地；土地 ‎ v. 登岸（陆）；降落 language n. 语言 large a. 大的, 巨大的, 宽大的, ‎ 夸大的 last a. 最近刚过去的；最后的；‎ n. 持续 late a. 晚的，迟的 ‎ ad. 晚地，迟地 laugh n. 笑，大笑 ‎ v. 嘲笑 law n. 法律，法令；定律 lay(laid, laid)‎ v. 放，搁 lazy a. 懒惰的 ‎*‎ lead(led, led)‎ v. 领导，带领 leader n. 领袖，领导人 leaf(pl. leaves)‎ n. （树，菜）叶 learn(learnt, learnt)‎ v. 学，学习，学会 least n. 最少，最少量 leave(left, left)‎ v. 离开；把……留下，剩下 left a. 左边的 n. 左，左边 leg n. 腿，腿脚；支柱 ‎*‎ lemonade n. 柠檬水 lend(lent, lent)‎ v. 借（出），把……借给 lesson n. 课，功课；教训 let(let, let)‎ v. 让 letter n. 信，字母 ‎*‎ level n. 水平线，水平 library n. 图书馆，图书室 license n. 执照，许可证 lie(lay, lain)‎ v. 躺；卧；平放；位于 lie v. 说谎 n. 谎言 ‎ life n. 生命；生涯；生活；人生；‎ 生物 lift v. 举起，抬起；‎ ‎（云、烟等）消散 light n. 光，光亮，灯,灯光 v. 点（火), 点燃 a. 明亮的；轻的；浅色的 like prep. 像,跟……一样 v. 喜欢，喜爱 line n. 绳索，线，排，行，线路 lion n. 狮子 list n. v. 一览表，清单 listen v. 听，仔细听 litter v. n. 乱丢杂物 little(less, least)‎ a. 小的，少的 live v. 生活；居住；活着 lively a. 活泼的；充满生气的 lock n. 锁 ‎ v. 锁上 London n. 伦敦 lonely a. 孤独的，寂寞的 long a. 长的，远 look v. 看 n. 观看 lose(lost, lost)‎ v. 失去，丢失 lot n. 许多，好多 loud a. 大声的 love v. 爱，热爱 n. 很喜欢 lovely a. 美好的，可爱的 low a. ad. 低，矮 luck n. 运气，好运 lucky a. 运气好，侥幸 lunch n. 午餐，午饭 M machine n. 机器 ‎*‎ mad a. 发疯的；生气的 madam=madame n. 夫人，女士 magazine n. 杂志 ‎*‎ magic a. 有魔力的 mail n. 邮政，邮递 main a. 主要的 make(made, made)‎ v. 制造，做；使得 man(pl. men)‎ n. 成年男人；人，人类 ‎*‎ manage v. 管理；设法对付 manager n. 经理 many(more, most）‎ pron. a. 许多人（或物）‎ map n. 地图 March N . 3月 mark n. 标记 v. 标明，作记号于 market n. 市场，集市 ‎*‎ marriage n. 结婚，婚姻 marry v. （市）成婚，结婚 ‎*‎ master v. n. 精通，掌握 match v. 使相配，使成对 n. 比赛，竞赛；火柴 math(s)=mathematics n. （口语）数学 may nodal v. 可以；也许，可能 May n. 5月 maybe ad. 可能，大概，也许 me pron. 我（宾格）‎ meal n. 一餐（饭）‎ mean(meant, meant)‎ v. 意思是，意指 meaning n. 意思，含意 meat n. （猪、牛、羊等的）肉 ‎*‎ medical a. 医学的，医疗的 medicine n. 药 meet(met, met)‎ v. 遇见，见到 meeting n. 会，集会；会见；汇合点 member n. 成员，会员 memory n. 回忆，记忆 mend v. 秀丽，修补 ‎*‎ mention n. 记载 v. 提及，提到，说起 message n. 消息，音信 menu n. 菜单 metal n. 金属 v. 金属制成的 ‎*‎ method n. 方法，办法 metre(Am meter)‎ n. 米，公尺 middle n. 中间；当中；中级的 ‎*‎ might modal v. （may的过去式，助动词）可能，也许，或许 mile n. 英里 milk n. 牛奶 mind n. 思想，想法 v. 介意，关心 mine pron. 我的（名次性物主代词）‎ minute n. 分钟；一会儿，瞬间 ‎*‎ mirror n. 镜子 Miss n. 小姐，女士（称呼未婚女士）‎ miss v. 失去，错过，缺 mistake(mistook, mistaken)‎ v. 弄错 n. 错误 model n. 模型，原形；范例；模范 modern a. 现代的 mom(Am mum)‎ n. 妈妈 moment n. 片刻，瞬间 Monday n. 星期一 money n. 钱；货币 monitor n. （班级内的）班长；‎ 纠察生；监视器 monkey n. 猴子 month n. 月，月份 moon n. 月球；月光；月状物 more a. 另外的；附加的；较多的 ad. 再；另外，而且；更 n. 更多的量；另外的一些 morning n. 早晨，上午 most a. ad. 最多 mother n. 母亲 ‎*‎ motorcycle n. 摩托车 mountain n. 山，山脉 mouse(pl. mice)‎ n. 鼠，耗子；(计算机)鼠标 mouth n. 嘴，口 move v. 移动，搬动，搬家 movie n. （口语）电影 Mr.(mister)‎ n. 先生（用于姓名前）‎ Mrs.(mistress)‎ n. 夫人，太太 ‎（称呼已婚妇女）‎ Ms.‎ n. 女士（用在婚姻状况不明的女子姓名前）‎ much a. 许多的，大量的 ‎*‎ murder v. 谋杀 museum n. 博物馆，博物院 music n. 音乐，乐曲 must modal v. 必须，应当；‎ 必定是 my pron. 我的 myself pron. 我自己 N name n. 名字，姓名，名称 national a. 国家的，全国性的，民族的 natural a. 自然的 nature n. 自然，性质，种类 near a. 近的 nearly ad. 将近，几乎 necessary a. 必需的，必要的 neck n. 颈，脖子 need modal v. v. n. 需要，需求；必须 neighbour（Am neighbor)‎ n． 邻居，邻人 neither a． （两者）都不；也不 nervous a． 紧张不安的 never ad. 从不，从来没有 new a. 新的，新鲜的 news n. 新闻，信息 newspaper n. 报纸 next a. 最近的，紧挨着的，隔壁的；下一次 ad. 随后，然后，下一步 nice a. 令人愉快的；好的，漂亮的 night n. 夜，夜间 nine num. 九 nineteen num. 十九 ninety num. 九十 ninth num. 第九 no ad. 不，不是 ‎ a. 没有，物，不 nobody n. 渺小人物 ‎ pron. 没有人，谁也不 ‎*‎ nod v. 点头 noise n. 声音，噪声，喧闹声 none pron. 无任何东西或人，无一人 noodle n. 面条 noon n. 中午，正午 nor conj. 也不 normal a. 正常的 north a. 北的，朝北的，从北来的北 n. 北方；北部 northern a. 北方的，北部的 nose n. 鼻 not ad. 不，没 note n. 便条，笔记，注释；钞票，纸币；音符，音调 v. 记下，记录；注意，留意 ‎*‎ notebook n. 笔记簿 nothing pron. 没有东西，没有什么 notice n. 布告，通告，主意 v. 注意到注意 November n. 11月 now ad. 现在 number n. 数,数字，号码；数量 nurse n. 护士；保育员 O OK ad. （口语）好，‎ 对，不错 object n. 物，物体；宾语 ocean n. 海洋 October n. 10月 of prep. （表示所属，‎ 数量，其中）……的 off prep. 离开，脱离，（走）开 ad. 离开；（电、自来水）‎ 停了，中断 offer v. 提供 n. 建议 office n. 办公室 ‎*‎ officer n. 军官；公务员，官员；‎ 警察，警官 often ad. 经常，常常 oil n. 油 old a. 老的，旧的 on prep. 在……上（时），关于 once n. 一次，一度 ad. 从前 conj. 一旦 one num. 一 pron. 一（个，只……）‎ ‎*‎ oneself pron. 自己，自身 only ad. 仅仅，只，才 open a. 开着的，开口的 v. 开，打开 ‎*‎ operation n. 手术，操作 or conj. 或，就是；否则 orange a. 橘色的，橙色的 n. 橘子，橙子，橘汁 order v. 定购，定货；点菜 n. 顺序 other pron. 别人，别的东西 a. 别的，另外的 our pron. 我们的 ours pron. 我们的（名词性物主代词）‎ ourselves pron. 我们自己 out ad. 出外；在外，向外；熄 outside prep. 在……外面 n. 外面 ad. 在外面；向外面 over prep. 在—……上方；越过；遍及 ad. 翻倒；遍布；越过；结束 ‎*‎ overcoat n. 大衣 own a. 自己的 v. 拥有，所有 owner n. 物主，所有人 P ‎*‎ P.C.=personal computer n. 个人电脑 P.E.=physical education n. 体育 Pacific n. 太平洋 a. 太平洋的 ‎*‎ package n. （尤指包装好或密封的容器）一包，一袋，一盒 page n. 页，页码 ‎*‎ paint n. 油漆 pair n. 一双，一对 palace n. 宫，宫殿 ‎*‎ pale a. 苍白的，灰白的 ‎*‎ pancake n. 薄煎饼 panda n. 熊猫 paper n. 纸，报纸 pardon n. 原谅，宽恕，对不起 parent n. 父母，双亲 park n. 公园 park v. 停放（汽车）‎ part n. 部分；成分；角色；部件；零件 party n. 聚会，晚会；党派 pass v. 传，递；经过；通过 ‎*‎ passage n. （文章等地）一节，一段；‎ 通道；走廊 passenger n. 乘客，旅客 ‎*‎ passport n. 护照 past n. 过去，昔日，往事 a. 过 prep. 过……，走过某处 path n. 小道，小径 patient n. 病人 patient a. 忍耐的, 耐心的 pay(paid, paid)‎ v. 付钱，给……报酬 ‎*‎ peace n. 和平 pear n. 梨子，梨树 pen n. 钢笔，笔 ‎*‎ pence n. （复） 便士；美分 pencil n. 铅笔 ‎*‎ penny n. 便士；美分 people n. 人，人们；人民 ‎*‎ percent n. 百分之……‎ perfect a. 完美的，极好的 perhaps ad. 可能，或 ‎*‎ period n. 时期，时代 person n. 人 personal a. 个人的，私人的 pet n. 宠物，爱畜 phone=telephone v. 打电话 n. 电话，电话机 photo=photograph n. 照片 physics n. 物理（学）‎ piano n. 钢琴 pick v. 抬起，采集；挑选 picnic n. 野餐 picture n. 图片，划片，照片 pie n. 甜馅饼 piece n. 一块（片，张，件……）‎ pig n. 猪 pilot n. 飞行员 pink n. 粉红色 a. 粉红色的 pioneer n. 先锋，开拓者 pity n. 怜悯，同情 place n. 地方，处所 ‎ v. 放置，安置，安排 ‎*‎ plain a. n. 家常的，普通的 plan n. v. 计划，打算 plane n. 飞机 planet n. 行星 plant v. 种植，播种 n. 植物 plastic n. 塑料制品 a. 塑料的 plate n. 板；片；牌；盘子；盆子 play v. 玩，打（球）；游戏；播放 playground n. 操场，运动场 pleasant a. 令人愉快的，舒适的 please v. 请；使人高兴，使人满意 pleasure n. 高兴，愉快 ‎*‎ plenty n. 充足，大量 pocket n. (衣服的）口袋 ‎*‎ poem n. 诗 point v. 指，指向；‎ n. 点，分数 police n. 警察，警卫人员 policeman(policewoman)‎ n．（女）警察 ‎*‎ policy n. 政策，方针 ‎*‎ polite a. 有教养的，有礼貌的 ‎*‎ pond n. 池塘 pool n. 水塘，水池 poor a. 贫穷的；可怜的；不好的，差的 pop=popular a. 俗的 popular a. 流行的，大众的，受欢迎的 population n. 人口，人数 pork n. 猪肉 ‎*‎ position n. 位置 possible a. 可能的 post v. 投寄；邮寄 postcard n. 明信片 postman n. 邮递员 potato n. 土豆，马铃薯 pound n. 磅；英镑 practice n. 练习 practice (Am practice)‎ v. 练习，实践 ‎*‎ praise n. 赞扬 v. 表扬 ‎*‎ prepare v. 准备，预备；调制，配制 present n. 礼物，赠品 ‎*‎ president n. 总统，主席 pretty a. 漂亮的，俊俏的 ‎*‎ prevent v. 防止，预防 price n. 价格，价钱 pride n. 自豪，骄傲 ‎*‎ primary a. 初等的；初级的 ‎*‎ print v. 印刷 ‎*‎ prison n. 监狱 ‎*‎ prisoner n. 囚犯 ‎*‎ private a. 私人的 prize n. 奖赏，奖品 probably ad. 很可能的，很有希望的 problem n. 问题，难题 produce v. 生产，制造 programme(Am program)‎ n. 节目；项目 progress n. 进步，上进 v. 进展；进行 ‎*‎ promise n. v. 答应，允诺 pronounce v. 发音 ‎*‎ pronunciation n. 发音 proper a. 恰当的，合适的 protect v. 保护 proud a. 自豪的；骄傲的 ‎*‎ prove v. 证明 provide v. 提供 public a. 公共的，公众的 n. 公众 pull v. 拉，拖 n. 拉力，引力 ‎*‎ punish v. 惩罚，处罚 pupil n. （小）学生 purple a. 紫色的 n. 紫色 ‎*‎ purpose n. 目的，意图 purse n. 钱包 push n. v. 推 put(put, put)‎ v. 放，摆 Q quarter n. 四分之一，一刻钟 ‎*‎ queen n. 皇后，女王 question n. 问题 quick a. 快；敏捷的；急剧的 ad. 快地；敏捷地；急剧地 quiet a. 安静的；寂静的 quite ad. 完全，十分 R rabbit n. 兔，家兔 race n. 赛跑，竞赛 radio n. 无线电，收音机 railway n. 铁路；铁道 rain v. 下雨 n. 雨，雨水 raincoat n. 雨衣 rainy a. 下雨的；多雨的 raise v. 使升高；饲养 ‎*‎ rapid a. 快的，迅速的 rat n. 老鼠 rather ad. 相当，宁可 reach v. 到达，伸手（脚等）够到 read(read, read）‎ v. 读，朗读 real a. 真是的，确实的 ‎*‎ realise (Am realize)‎ v. 认识到，实现 really ad. 真正地；到底；确实 reason n. 理由，劝说 receive v. 收到，得到 ‎*‎ recent a. 近来的，最近的 ‎*‎ recite v. 背诵 ‎*‎ record v. 记录 n. 唱片 ‎*‎ recorder n. 录音机 red a. 红色的 n. 红色 refuse v. 拒绝，不愿 ‎*‎ regard v. 把……当作 ‎*‎ regret n. 可惜，遗憾 v. 痛惜；哀悼 ‎*‎ relation n. 关系，亲属 relax v. （使）放松，轻松 ‎*‎ remain v. 余下，留下 remember v. 记得，想起 repair n. 修理 v. 修补 ‎*‎ repeat v. 重说，重做 reply v. 回答 n. 答复 report v. 报道 n. 报告 ‎*‎ require v. 需求；要求 research n. 研究，调查 rest n. 休息；剩余的部分，其余的人（物）v. 休息，歇息 restaurant n. 饭馆，饭店 result n. 结果，效果 ‎*‎ retell v. 重讲，重复，复述 return v. 归还，回，归 review v. 重新调查;回顾；复习 ‎ n. 复查；复习；评论 rice n. 稻米；米饭 rich a. 富裕的，有钱的 ride(rode, ridden)‎ v. 骑（马、自行车）；乘车 riddle n. 谜（语）‎ right n. 权利 a. 对，正确的 ring(rang, rung)‎ v. （钟、铃等）响；打电话 n. 电话，铃声 rise(rose, risen)‎ v. 上升，上涨 ‎*‎ risk n. 冒险, 风险 river n. 江；河；水道；巨流 road n. 路，道路 robot n. 机器人 rock n. 岩石，大石头 ‎*‎ role n. 角色 room n. 房间，室；空间；地方 ‎*‎ rope n. 绳，索 ‎*‎ rose n. 玫瑰花 round ad. 转过来 prep. 环绕一周，围着 a. 圆的；球形的 row v. 划船 ‎*‎ rubber n. 橡胶；合成橡胶 rubbish n. 垃圾；废物 rule n. 规则，规定 v. 统治；支配 ruler n. 统治者；直尺 run(ran. run)‎ v. 跑，奔跑；（颜色）褪色 rush v. 冲，奔跑 ‎*‎ Russia n. 俄罗斯，俄国 Russian n. 俄国人，俄语； ‎ a. 俄国人的，俄语的 S sad a. (使人）悲伤的 safe a. 安全的 n. 保险柜 safety n. 安全，保险 sail n. 航行 v. 开航 salad n. 色拉（西餐中的一种凉拌菜）‎ ‎*‎ sale n. 卖，出售 salt n. 盐 same n. 同样的事 a. 同样的，同一的 sand n. 沙，沙子 ‎*‎ sandwich n. 三明治（夹心面包片）‎ ‎*‎ satisfy v. 满足，使满意 Saturday n. 星期六 ‎*‎ sausage n. 香肠，腊肠 save v. 救，挽救，节省 say(said, said)‎ v. 说，讲 ‎*‎ scarf n. 领巾，围巾 school n. 学校 schoolbag n. 书包 science n. 科学，自然科学 scientist n. 科学家 score n. v. 得分，分数 screen n. 幕，荧光屏 sea n. 海，海洋 search n. v. 搜寻，搜查 season n. 季；季节 seat n. 座位，座 second ‎ num. 第二 a. 第二的 n. 秒 secret n. 秘密，内情 ‎*‎ secretary n. 秘书；书记 see(saw, seen)‎ v. 看见，看到；领会；拜会 seem v. 似乎，好像 ‎*‎ seldom ad. 很少，不常 sell(sold, sold)‎ v. 卖，售 send(sent, sent)‎ v. 打发，派遣；送，邮寄 ‎*‎ sense n. 感觉，意识 ‎*‎ sentence n. 句子 ‎*‎ separate v. 使分开，使分离 a. 单独的，分开的 September n. 9月 serious a. 严肃的，严重的；认真的 ‎*‎ servant n. 仆人，佣人 serve v. 招待（顾客等），服务 ‎*‎ service n. 服务 set(set, set)‎ v. 设置（布景，背景），释放，安置 n. 装备，设备 seven num. 七 seventeen num. 十七 seventh num. 第七 seventy num. 七十 several pron. 几个，数个 a. 若干 ‎*‎ shake(shook, shaken)‎ v. （使）动摇，震动 shall(should)‎ aux. （表示将来）将要，会 v. ……好吗 ‎*‎ shame n. 遗憾的事；羞愧 shape n. 形状，外形 ‎ v. 使成型，制造，塑造 share v. 分享，共同使用 she pron. 她 sheep(pl. sheep)‎ n. （绵）羊；羊皮；驯服者 shelf(pl. shelves)‎ n. 架子；搁板；格层；礁；陆架 shine(shone, shone)‎ v. 发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮 ship n. 船，轮船 shirt n. 男衬衫 shoe n. 鞋 shop n. 商店，车间 short a. 短的；矮的 ‎*‎ shorts n. 短裤；运动短裤 should modal v. 应当，应该，会 ‎*‎ shoulder n. 肩膀；（道路的）路肩 shout n. v. 喊，高声呼喊 show(showed, shown)‎ v. 给……看，出示，显示 shower n. 阵雨；淋浴 shut(shut, shut)‎ v. 关上，封闭；禁闭；合拢 shy a. 害羞的 sick a. 有病的，患病的；（想）呕吐 side n. 边，旁边，面，侧面 sight n. 情景，风景；视力 ‎*‎ silence n. 安静，沉默 silent a. 无声的，无对话的 silk n. （蚕）丝，丝织品 silly a. 傻的，愚蠢的 ‎*‎ silver n. 银 ‎*‎ similar a. 相似的，像 ‎*‎ simple a. 简单的，简易的 since prep. 从……以来 conj. 从—……以来，……以后，由于 ad. 从那时以来 sing(sang, sung)‎ v. 唱，唱歌 single a. 单一的，单个的 sir n. 先生；阁下 sister n. 姐，妹 sit(sat, sat)‎ v. 坐 situation n. 形势，情况 six num. 六 sixteen num. 十六 sixth num. 第六 sixty num. 六十 size n. 尺寸，大小 skate v. 滑冰，溜冰 ‎*‎ skill n. 技能，技巧 skirt n. 女裙 sky n. 天，天空 sleep(slept, slept)‎ v. n. 睡觉 ‎ ‎*‎ sleepy a. 想睡的，困倦的，瞌睡的 slow a. ad. 慢慢地，缓慢的 small a. 小的，少的 ‎*‎ smart a. 灵巧的，伶俐的；（人、‎ 服装等）时髦的，帅的 smell(-ed, -ed/‎ smelt, smelt)‎ n. v. 嗅，闻到；发气味 smile n. v. 微笑 smoke v. n. 烟；冒烟；吸烟 ‎*‎ smooth a. 光滑的；平坦的 snake n. 蛇 snow v. n. 雪；下雪 snowy a. 雪（白）的；下雪的；多（积）雪的 so conj. 因此，所以 ad. 如此，这么；非常；同样 ‎*‎ soap n. 肥皂 ‎*‎ social a. 社会的；社交的 society n. 社会 socks n. 短袜 ‎*‎ sofa n. （长）沙发 ‎*‎ soft a. 软的，柔和的 soldier n. 士兵，战士 ‎*‎ solid a. 结实的，固体的 n. 固体 some pron. 若干，一些 a. 一些，若干；有些；某一 somebody pron. 某人；有人；有名气的人 someone pron. 某一个人 something pron. 某事；某物 sometimes ad. 有时 ‎*‎ somewhere ad. 在某处 son ‎ n. 儿子 song n. 歌唱；歌曲 soon ad. 不久，很快，一会儿 sorry a. 对不起，抱歉；难过的 ‎*‎ sort v. 把……分类，挑选 n. 种类，类别 sound v. 听起来；发出声音 n. 声音 soup n. 汤 sour a. 酸的, 发酵的, 酸腐的, 酸味的 south n. 南；南方；南风；南部 a. 南（方）的；向南的；从南来的 southern a. 南部的，南方的 space n. 空间 ‎*‎ spare a. 空闲的，多余的，剩余的 speak(spoke, spoken)‎ v. 说，讲；谈话；发言 speaker n. 演讲人，演说家 special a. 特别的，专门的 ‎*‎ speech n. 演讲 speed n. 速度 v. （使）加速 spell(-ed, -ed; spelt, . spelt)‎ v. 拼写 spend(spent, spent)‎ v. 度过；花费（钱、时间等）‎ spirit n. 精神 spoon n. 匙，调羹 sport n. 体育运动，锻炼；（复，英）运动会 ‎*‎ spread(spread, spread)‎ v. 延伸；展开 spring n. 春天，春季 square n. 广场 ‎*‎ stairs n. 楼梯 stamp n. 邮票 stand(stood, stood)‎ v. 站；立；起立；坐落；经受；‎ 持久 ‎*‎ standard n. a. 标准（的）‎ star n. 星，恒星 start v. 开始，着手；出发 state n. 状态；情形；国家，（美国的）州 station n. 站，所，车站；电台 stay n. v. 停留，逗留，呆 steal(stole, stolen)‎ v. 偷，窃取 ‎*‎ steel n. 钢，钢铁 step n. 脚步，台阶，梯级 v. 走，跨步 stick(stuck, stuck)‎ v. 粘住，钉住 n. 坚持 still ad. 仍然，还 ‎*‎ stomach n. 胃，胃部 stone n. 石头，石料 stop n. 停；（停车）站 ‎ v. 停，停止；阻止 store n. 商店 v. 储藏，存储 storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨 story n. 故事，小说 strange a. 奇怪的，奇特的，陌生的 ‎*‎ stranger n. 陌生人，外人 ‎*‎ strawberry n. 草莓 ‎*‎ stream n. 小河，溪流 street n. 街，街道 ‎*‎ strict a. 严格的，严密的 strong a. 强（壮）的；坚固的；‎ 强烈的；坚强的 student n. 学生 study v. 学习；研究 n. 书房 ‎*‎ stupid a. 愚蠢的，笨的 subject n. 题目；主题；学科；主语；主体 succeed v. 成功 success n. 成功 successful a. 成功的，有成就的 such ad. 那么 pron. （泛指）人，事物 a. 这样的，那样的 ‎*‎ sudden a. 突然的 sugar n. 糖 suggest v. 建议，提议 ‎*‎ suggestion n. 建议 summer n. 夏天，夏季 sun n. 太阳，阳光 Sunday n. 星期日 sunny a. 晴朗的；阳光充足的 supermarket n. 超级市场 supper n. 晚餐，晚饭 ‎*‎ supply v. n. 供给，供应 suppose v. 猜想，假定，料想 sure a. 确信，肯定 ad. （口语）的确，一定，当然 ‎*‎ surface n. 表面 surprise v. 使惊奇，使诧异 n. 惊奇，诧异 sweater n. 厚运动衫，毛衣 sweep(swept, swept)‎ v. 扫除，扫 sweet n. 甜食；蜜饯；甜点；糖果；芳香 a. 甜的；新鲜的；可爱的；亲切的 swim(swam, swum)‎ v. 游泳，游 swimming n. 游泳 swing n. 挥舞，摆动 ‎*‎ symbol n. 符号, 记号, 象征 T table n. 桌子，表格 ‎*‎ table tennis=ping pong n. 乒乓球 tail n. （动物的）尾巴 take(took, taken)‎ v. 拿；拿走；做；服用；乘坐；花费 ‎*‎ tale n. 故事，传说 talk v. 谈话，讲话，演讲；交谈 tall a. 高的 tape n. 磁带；录音带 ‎*‎ task n. 任务，工作 taste n. 品尝，尝味；味道 v. 品尝，尝味 taxi n. 出租汽车 tea n. 茶，茶叶 teach(taught, taught)‎ v. 教书，教 teacher n. 教师，教员 team n. 队，组 technology n. 技术 telephone n. 电话 v. 打电话 television=TV n. 电视，电视机 tell(told, told)‎ v. 告诉；讲述；吩咐 temperature n. 温度 ten num. 十 tenth num. 第十 tennis n. 网球 tent n. 帐篷 term n. 学期；术语；条款；项 terrible a． 可怕的；糟糕的 ‎*‎ test v. n. 测试，考察，试验 text n. 文本，课文 than conj. 比 thank v. 感谢，致谢，道谢 ‎ n. （复）感谢，谢意 that a. pron. 那，那个 conj. 那，那个（引导宾于从句等）‎ the art. 这 theatre(Am theatre)‎ n. 剧场，戏院 their pron. 他（或她、它）们的 theirs pron. 他（或她、它）们的（名词性物主代词）‎ them pron. 他/她/它们（宾格）‎ themselves pron. 他/她/它们自己 then ad. 当时，那时；然后；那么 ‎（通常用于句首或句尾）‎ there int. 那!你瞧（表示引起注意）‎ n. 那里，那儿 ad. 在那里，往那里；‎ ‎（做引导词）表示 these pron. 这些 they pron. 他（她）们；它们；人们 thick a. 厚的 thin a. 薄的；瘦的；稀的 thing n. 东西；（复）物品，用品；‎ 事情，事件 think(thought, thought)‎ v. 想；认为；考虑 third num. 第三 thirsty a. 渴 thirteen num. 十三 thirty num. 三十 this a. pron. 这，这个 those a. pron. 那些 though conj. 虽然，但是 thought n. 思考，思想；念头 thousand num. 千 ‎*‎ thread n. 线 three num. 三 through prep. 穿（通）过；从使至终 ad. 穿（通）过；自使至终，全部 throw(threw, thrown)‎ v. 投，掷，扔 Thursday n. 星期四 ticket n. 票；卷 tidy a. 整洁的，干净的 tie v. （用绳，线）系，拴，扎 n. 领带，绳子，结；关系 tiger n. 老虎 till conj.& prep. 直到，直到……为止 time n. 时间；时期；钟点；次，回 ‎*‎ tiny a. 极小的，微小的 Tired a. 疲劳的，累的 to prep. （动词不定式符号，五词义）；（表示接受动作的人或物）给；对，向，到；在……之前 today ad. 今天 n. 现在，当前 together ad. 一起，共同 toilet n. 厕所 tomato n. 西红柿，番茄 tomorrow ad. n. 明天 ‎*‎ ton n. （重量单位）吨 tongue n. 舌，舌头 tonight ad. 今晚，今夜 too ad. 也，还；又；太，过分；‎ 很，非常 tool n. 工具，器具 tooth(pl. teeth)‎ n. 牙齿 toothache n. 牙痛 ‎*‎ toothbrush n. 牙刷 ‎*‎ toothpaste n. 牙膏 top n. 顶部，（物体的）上面 ‎*‎ total a. 总数的；总括的；‎ 完全的，全然的 ‎*‎ touch v. n. 触摸，接触 tour n. 参观，观光，旅行 tourist n. 旅行者，观光者 toward(s)‎ prep. 向,朝，对于 ‎*‎ towel n. 毛巾 ‎*‎ tower n. 塔 town n. 城镇，城 toy n. 玩具，玩物 trade n. 贸易 ‎*‎ traditional a. 传统的, 惯例的, 口传的, 传说的 traffic n. 交通，往来车辆 train n. 火车 v. 培训，训练 training n. 培训 ‎*‎ translate v. 翻译 travel v. n. 旅行 ‎*‎ treasure n. 金银财宝；财富 ‎*‎ treatment n. 治疗，疗法 tree n. 树 trip n. 旅行，旅程 trouble v. n. 使苦恼，使忧虑，使麻烦 trousers n. 裤子，长裤 truck n. 卡车，运货车；车皮 true ‎ a. 真，真实的，真正的 ‎*‎ trust a. 相信，信任，信赖 truth n. 真理，事实，真相，实际情况 try v. 试，试图，努力 T-shirt n. T恤衫 Tuesday n. 轮流，(轮流的）顺序 turn n. v. 旋转，翻转，转变，转弯 TV=television n. 电视 twelfth num. 第十二 twelve num. 十二 twentieth num. 第二十 twenty num. 二十 twice ad. 两次；两倍 two num. 二 U ‎*‎ ugly a. 丑陋的, 难看的 umbrella n. 雨伞 uncle n. 叔；伯；舅；姑夫；姨父 under prep. 在……下面，向……下面 ‎*‎ underground a. n. 地下（的）‎ understand ‎(understood, understood)‎ v. 懂得；明白；理解 ‎*‎ unit n. 单元，单位 university n. 大学 unless conj. 如果不，除非 until ‎ prep. conj. 直到……为止 up ad. 向上；在上方；起来；在……以上 prep. 向（高处）；向（在）……上（面）游 ‎*‎ upon prep. 在……上面 upstairs ad. 在楼上，到楼上 us pron. 我们 use n. v. 利用，使用，应用 used a. 用过的；旧的；二手的 useful a. 有用的，有益的 usual a. 通常的，平常的 V ‎*‎ vacation n. 假期，休假 ‎*‎ value n. 价值，益处 ‎*‎ VCD n. 影碟光盘 vegetable n. 蔬菜 ‎*‎ vehicle n. 交通工具, 车辆, 媒介物, 传达手段 very ad. 很，非常 ‎*‎ victory n. 胜利 video n. 录像，视频 village n. 村庄，乡村 ‎*‎ violin n. 小提琴 visit v. n. 参观，访问，拜访 visitor n. 访问者，参观者 voice n. 说话声；语态 volleyball n. 排球 W wait v. 等，等候 wake(woke, woken)‎ v. 醒，醒来，叫醒 walk v. n. 步行，散步 wall n. 墙 want v. 想，想要；需要，必要 war n. 战争 warm a. 暖和的，温暖的；热情的 warn v. 警告，预先通知 wash v. 洗（涤）；冲洗；流过；弄湿 waste n. v. 浪费 watch v. 观看，注视；当心，注意 n. 手表，表 water n. 水 ‎*‎ watermelon n. 西瓜 way n. 路，路线；方式，手段 we pron. 我们 weak a. 差的，弱的，淡的 ‎*‎ wealth n. 财产，财富 wear(wore, worn)‎ v. 穿，戴 weather n. 天气 ‎*‎ website n. （环球网）的站点 Wednesday n. 星期三 week n. 星期 weekday n. 平日 weekend n. 周末 ‎*‎ weigh v. 称……的重量 weight n. 重，重量 welcome a. 受欢迎的 well(better, best)‎ a. 好的，健康的 ad. 好，令人满意地，完全地 n. 井 west a. （在）西的；向西的；从西来的 n. 西部，西方 western a. 西方的，西部的 wet a. 湿的，潮的，多雨的 ‎*‎ whale n. 鲸 what pron. 什么，怎么样 a. 多么，何等；什么 whatever conj. pron. 无论什么，不管什么 wheat n. 小麦 wheel n. 轮，机轮 when conj. 当……时候 ad. 什么时候，何时 ‎ whenever conj. 每当，无论何时 where ad. 在哪里；往哪里 whether conj. 是否 which conj. 那（哪）一个；那（哪）一些 while conj. 在……的时候，和……同时 n. 一会儿，一段时间 white a. 白色的 n. 白色 who pron. 谁 whole a. 整个的 whom pron. who的宾格 whose pron. 谁的 why ad. 为什么 ‎ int. 你难道不知道（表示反驳、不耐烦等）‎ wide a. 宽阔的 wife n. 妻子 will(would)‎ modal v. 将，会（表示将来）；愿意，要 win(won, won)‎ n. 获胜，赢得 wind n. 风 window n. 窗户；计算机的窗口 windy a. 有风的，多风的 wine n. 酒 ‎*‎ wing n. 机翼，翅膀 winner n. 获胜者 winter n. 冬天，冬季 ‎*‎ wise a. 聪明的，英明的，有见识的 wish n. 愿望，祝愿 v. 希望，想要，祝愿 with prep. 关于；带有；以；和；用；有 without prep. 没有 ‎*‎ wolf n. 狼 woman(pl. women)‎ n. 妇女，女人 wonder v. 对……疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道 wonderful a. 美妙的，精彩的；了不起的；太好了 wood n. 木头，木材；（复） 树木，森林 word n. 词，单词；话 work v. 工作；（机器、器官等）运转，活动 n. 工作，劳动，事情 worker n. 工人；工作者 world n. 世界 worry v. 烦恼，担忧，发怒；困扰 ‎*‎ worth a. 有……的价值，值得……的 would modal v. （will的过去时）将会，打算，想要 ‎*‎ wound v. 伤，伤害 n. 创伤，伤口 write(wrote, written)‎ v. 写，书写；写作，著述 wrong a. 错误的；不正常的，有毛病的 X ‎*‎ X-ray X射线；X光 Y yard n. 码；院子；场地 year n. 年 yellow a. n. 黄色的 yes ad. 是，好，同意 yesterday n. ad. 昨天 yet ad. 尚，还，仍然 you pron. 你，你们 young a. 年轻的 your pron. 你的，你们的 yours pron. 你的；你们的（名词性物主代词）‎ yourself pron. 你自己 yourselves pron. 你们自己 Z ‎*‎ zebra n. 斑马 zero n. 零 ‎ num. 零度 zoo n. 动物园