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人教版新目标中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析

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中考英语常见习惯用语精讲例析 ‎(一) 知识概要  由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。 ‎(二) 正误辨析  ‎[误] - What can I do for you? ‎- Yes, please help me  ‎[正] - What can I do for you? ‎- I'd like to buy a sweater  ‎[析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 ‎[误] - Which colour do you like? ‎- Sorry, I don't like  ‎[正] - Which colour do you like? ‎- I prefer blue  ‎[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it ‎[误] Do you like to come with us tonight?  ‎[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?  ‎[析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种: Shall we go? 我们走吧! Let's go? 让我们走吧! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure ‎[误] Sorry, I've kept you waiting Not at all  ‎[正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting Never mind  ‎[析] "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如: ‎- Do you mind my smoking here?- _________  A. Yes, do it please B. No, of course not C. Yes, take it please D. No, you can't take it 这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:‎ Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not, not at all 而不同意时应为 Yes, 或 I'm sorry ‎[误] What's that man? He is Mike  ‎[正] What's that man? He is a teacher  ‎[正] Who's that man? He is Mike (He is Mike's father)  ‎[析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。 ‎[误] - How much are they? ‎- Half a kilo, please  ‎[正] - How many bananas do you want? ‎- Half a kilo Please  ‎[析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。 ‎[误] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park?  ‎[正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park?  ‎[析] I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。 ‎[误] - Have a good time tonight! ‎- You are the same  ‎[正] - Have a good time tonight! ‎- The same to you  ‎[析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。 ‎[误] - What's the problem? ‎- I've got a headache  ‎[正] What's wrong with you? I've got a headache  ‎[析] What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何,而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。 ‎[误] - Now, I'm back Can I play? ‎- Perhaps You'd better do your homework first  ‎[正] - Now, I'm back Can I play? ‎- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first  ‎[析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如: Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有: I'm afraid that you are right 其后直接加宾语从句。 ‎- Will you come to my birthday party? ‎- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital 其后+not,表示否定。 ‎- Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog 其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam 其后+ of + 动名词,表示害怕做某事。 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam 其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。 ‎[误] - How soon will you be ready? ‎- Two days  ‎[正] - How soon will you be ready? ‎- In two days  ‎[析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问,则答语可以用 two days。 ‎[误] - Would you mind if I have some time off? ‎- I don't mind ‎- Monday and Tuesday of next week  ‎[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off? ‎- When exactly ‎- Monday and Tuesday of next week  ‎[析] 有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。 ‎[误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?"  ‎[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?"  ‎[析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论,"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。 ‎[误] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? ‎- I don't hope so  ‎[正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? ‎- I hope not  ‎[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的,但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为:我想可能不会发生吧! ‎[误] - Is anybody there? ‎- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave  ‎[正] - Is everybody there? ‎- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave  ‎[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave ‎[误] - Your handwriting is very good! ‎- No, my handwriting is very poor  ‎[正] - Your handwriting is very good! ‎- Thank you  ‎[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说: Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如: Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。 ‎[误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me I'll go first"  ‎[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me I have to go"  ‎[析] 这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解,而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。 ‎[误] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ‎- I'd like to, and I'm too busy  ‎[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ‎- I'd like to, but I'm too busy  ‎[析] I'm too busy 与 I'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。 ‎[误] - Where's Deter? ‎- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet  ‎[正] - Where's Deter? ‎- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet  ‎[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。 ‎[误] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! ‎- Great You look well too  ‎[正] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine! ‎- Thanks You look well too  ‎[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹,而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。 ‎(三) 例题解析  ‎1  - Would you like to have some rice? ‎- _________ . A Yes, I like B Yes, please C of course D Yes, I have  ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲 Yes, please 如不想接受则用No, thanks ‎2  - Nice to see you - _________ . A Good morning B Happy to meet you, too  C Nice to see you, too D Pleased to meet you, too  ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。 ‎3  - Would you please give me some water? ‎- _________ . A Yes, I would B Certainly C No, thanks D Yes, please  ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes, please 为"是的,您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。 ‎4  - Thank you very much for helping me ‎- _________ . A You're welcome B It doesn't matter ‎ C No need D Don't say that  ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] You're welcome 译为中文为:不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为:没关系。 ‎5  - Hello, Lucy How are you? ‎- _________ And you? A Fine, thanks B Yes, I am ‎ C Glad to meet you D Good afternoon  ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好,谢谢!" ‎6  - Help yourself to some meat ‎- _________  A It sounds nice. B Yes, please.  C Yes, Let's help each other. D Thank you.‎  ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。 ‎7  - Oh, I am not feeling well I've got a cold ‎- _________  A Fine, How are you? B Never mind Take care  C Well, I 'm sure to get weel soon. D I'm sorry to hear that ‎  ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] 这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。 ‎8  - Meimei you speak English very well ‎- _________ . A No, I don't think so B Thank you very much C Not good enough D That's all right  ‎[答案] B. ‎9  - "Kate, could you answer the telephone, please?" ‎- _________ , Mum I'll get it. A Yes, I could B No, thanks  C OK D Yes, but I have no time  ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。 ‎10  - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away? ‎- _________  A No, thanks. B With pleasure.  C I'm not afraid. D I'm sure you will.‎  ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。 ‎11  - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster, please? ‎- _________  A Hold on, please. B That's the headmaster, please.  C Who are you ? please. D Sorry I'm not the headmaster.‎  ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] hold on, please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that, 而要用 this, 在电话用语中 that 指对方, this 指自己。 ‎12  - Happy birthday! ‎- _________  A Thank you. B The same to you.  C Good luck. D Congratulations.‎  ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思,不能用于生日这一祝贺语,除非两人的生日在同一天。 ‎13  - I'm sorry I don't know the way, either You'd better ask that policeman for help ‎ ‎- _________  A Good night. B That's nothing.  C Very well. D Thank you all the same.‎  ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] 当向对方求助时,对方无能为力,这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。 ‎14  - I fell and hurt my leg last week, So I can't do anything ‎- _________ . A I'm sorry B Don't worry ‎ C Good luck D Bad luck  ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that而不能单用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。 ‎15  - _________  ‎- I have got a cough A What's your trouble? B What have you got?  C Why did you come here? D Have you got a cough?‎  ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you? ‎16  - Would you like to go shopping with me? ‎- _________  A Yes, I'd love to. B That's right. ‎ C Yes, please. D Quite well.‎  ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] 表示愿意作某事应讲:I'd love to I'd like to ‎17  - What's the weather like today! ‎- _________  A It's nice for a walk. B I like autumn best of all. C It will be fine tomorrow. D It's rather cold today.‎  ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] 本题要注意问的是什么,不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样,所以只能选D ‎18  - Is Jane in ,please? I want to speak to her ‎- Sorry, she is out You'd better _________ . A visit her in the office B call her later  C see her this afternoon D speak to her yourself  ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] call her later 晚些时候再来电话。 ‎19  - _________  ‎- Very well, thank you, and you? A How do you do? B Good morning  C How are you these days? D How do you like English?‎  ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] 本题是由答语来推断问话,所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯: How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do? ‎20  - How is your mother? ‎- _________  A She is old. B She is no better than she was.  C She is kindhearted. D She is in her forties.‎  ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何,而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。 ‎21  - Thank you very much for your help ‎- _________ . A You're welcome B Please don't ‎ C There's no trouble D No, no  ‎[答案] A. ‎22  Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him ‎ He says " _________ ." A It was nothing B I'm glad you enjoyed it  C Don't say it D No, needn't  ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] 这是英语的答语,千万不要选A,因它是中文习惯的答语。 ‎23  - Thank you for your good present ‎- _________ . A It's not good B No, no ‎ C My pleasure D Never mind  ‎[答案] C. ‎24  When someone did a good deed for you, you should say _________ . A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you ‎[答案] B. ‎25  - I am very sorry I am late for dinner  ‎- _________ . A.No, you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes, you are D.No, you don't ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] That's all right 没关系。 ‎26  - I'm sorry if I hurt you ‎- _________ . A I'm sorry B It's not true  C It doesn't matter D Don't say sorry  ‎[答案] C. ‎27  - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you  ‎- _________ . A I'm sorry B What a pity  C It doesn't matter to me D That's terrible ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。 ‎28  - Help yourself to some fish ‎- _________ . A You are very kind B Yes, I'm helping myself  C Thank you D Yes, don't worry about me ‎[答案] C. ‎29  - Are you ready?-______ . A I'm very sorry B Try to be patient  C Not yet, wait a minute D Do you have the time, please?‎ ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] not yet 意为还没有完成。 ‎30  - Mum, I have passed the exam ‎- _________ . A That's all right B Congratulations ‎ C You are luck D Good luck to you ‎[答案] B. ‎31  - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again ‎- _________ . A All right B That's all right ‎ C OK D I hope so, too ‎[答案] D. ‎32  Must I wait till he comes back?  . A No, you needn't B No, you mustn't  C No, you may not D No, you can't ‎[答案] A. ‎[析] must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must, 表示必须做,而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。 ‎33  - _________ I pay you the house rent right away? ‎- Yes, you have to do it A Shall B Way C Must D Have ‎[答案] C. ‎34  - Don't you think this colour is too bright?  ‎- _________  A Yes, I agree. B Yes, but I don't think so.  C Yes, of course not. D Yes, what's wrong?‎ ‎[答案] A. ‎35  - It was cold yesterday ‎- _________ . A So was it B So it was ‎ C I believe not so D I believe not ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时,则不用倒装。因 so it was即为:是的,天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时,则要倒装。如: I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院,我也去了。 ‎36  - What do you think of the song? ‎- _________ . A I like music very much B I like it too  C With pleasure D It sounds sweet ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] sound 在这里是系动词,为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词,而不要用被动语态。 ‎37  Do you like tea or coffee? _________ . A Yes, I do B Thank you ‎ C That's fine D Either will do ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] either will do 为两者哪个都可以。 ‎38  I like your sweater very much _________ . A No, it's ugly B Sorry ‎ C Thank you D You're welcome ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] 这是英美语言的习惯。 ‎39  He likes travelling by train  _________ . A So do I B I dos ‎ C I like so D I like it, neither ‎[答案] A. ‎40  - How do you like your school? ‎- _________ . A I like it very much B It's very beautiful C I doesn't like it D Very well ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] How do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。 ‎41  What a nice day!  _________  A You're right. B No, isn't it? ‎ C Yes, isn't it? D Really?‎ ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] Yes, isn't it 是的,难道不是个好天气吗? ‎42  - Hello, _________ ? ‎- This is Della speaking A Who are you B Are you Tom  C Who is that D Please tell me who are you ‎[答案] C. ‎[析] 电话用语中 that 指对方,而 this 指自己。 ‎43  -What's he like?  ‎- _________ . A He likes English B He is old  C He is like a farmer D He is tall and this ‎[答案] D. ‎[析] 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。 ‎44  How did you do your job?  Not very well, _________ . A I'm sure B I am afraid ‎ C Thank you D I'm sorry ‎[答案] B. ‎[析] I am afraid 我恐怕是,我想是。 ‎45  - _________ your aunt? ‎-She is a principal of a middle school A What does B Where does ‎ C What is D Whom is ‎[答案] C. ‎46  - _________  ‎- He is my boss A What's the man? B Who is the man?  C How is the man? D What does the man do?‎ ‎[答案] B. ‎47  - May I have your name?  ‎- _________ . A No, no B You're polite ‎ C Call me John D It's kind of you  ‎[答案] C. ‎48  - Shall I make coffee for you?  ‎- _________ . A Yes, thank you B No, don't trouble  C Don't trouble this, thank you D No, don't make it  ‎[答案] A. ‎49  - Could you show me the way to Mr Buown's office? ‎- _________ . A Not at all B I'm sure ‎ C All right D I can do it  ‎[答案] C. ‎50  - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon? ‎- _________ . A It's very kind of you B You are so thoughtful  C That's a good idea D Yes, we'll go  ‎[答案] C.