中考英语易混淆词汇总结 6页

‎ 中考英语易混淆词汇总结 一、花费 spend take pay cost ‎1、spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：　‎ ‎（1） (sb) spend some money/some time on sth。（2） (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth。‎ ‎（3）spend money for sth. 花钱买……‎ 例如：‎ I spent fifty yuan on the coat。= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。‎ He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。‎ His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。‎ ‎2、take常用于“占用、花费”时间，后面常跟双宾语，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是：‎ ‎（1）It takes/took sb.some time to do sth ‎　　例如：It will take me two days to do the work.　这项工作花了2天时间。‎ ‎（2）Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time. ‎ ‎　　例如： The work will take me two days。这项工作花了2天时间。‎ ‎3、pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，句型 ‎（1）sb. pays some money for sth ‎　　例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat。我花50元买了这件大衣。‎ ‎（2）pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。‎ ‎　　例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。‎ ‎（3）pay money back 还钱。‎ ‎　　例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。‎ （4） pay off one's money　还清钱。‎ ‎ 例如：I will pay off your money as quickly as I can.我会尽快还清你的钱。‎ ‎4、cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”。句型：‎ ‎（1）sth. costs (sb。) ＋money,　某物花了(某人)多少钱。‎ ‎　　例如：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。‎ ‎（2）(doing) sth. costs (sb。) ＋time,　某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。‎ ‎　　例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。‎ ‎　　注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。‎ ‎　　北京市海淀区中考试题 ‎　　I'm interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital。‎ ‎　　A. pay B. get C. take D. spend ‎　　【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案应是spend。‎ ‎　　This science book ____ me a great amount of money。‎ ‎　　A. took 　B. cost 　C. used 　D. spent ‎　　答案：B ‎1.clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词，clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students 4. family, house, home ‎ home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，He has a large vocabulary. word具体的单词 8. population, people population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.‎ ‎10.road, street, path, way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换。指课文用lesson. lesson 6;指班级或全体学生用class. class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，talk with sb. lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on… 17. officer, official officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer 18. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job ‎ ‎19. couple, pair couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers 20. country, nation, state, land country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news. 21. cook, cooker       ‎ ‎ cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook. 22. damage, damages damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages 23. police, policeman  police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 24. problem, question problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用 25. man, a man  man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature. 26. chick, chicken 二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.‎ ‎ 28. trip, journey, travel, voyage  travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip 29. sport, game sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming. 30. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.  31. a number of, the number of  a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 32. in front of, in the front of  in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.  33. of the day, of a day  of the day每一天的，当时的，当代的，of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day ‎34. three of us, the three of us three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.  35. by bus, on the bus  by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.  36. for a moment, for the moment  for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.  37. next year, the next year  next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. ‎ ‎ 38. more than a year, more than one year  more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）  39. take advice, take the(one's) advice  take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.  40. take air, take the air  take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.‎ ‎41. in a word, in words in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right. 42. in place of, in the place of  in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.‎ ‎ 43. in secret, in the secret  in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning. 44. a girl, one girl  a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box? 45. take a chair, take the chair take a chair相当于sit down坐下，take the chair开始开会 46. go to sea, by sea, by the sea go to sea当海员，出航，by sea乘船，由海路， by the sea在海边 go by sea  47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacher the doctor and teacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，the doctor and the teacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is 48. in office, in the office  in office在职的，in the office在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.  49. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 50. in charge of, in the charge of in charge of管理，负责照料， in the charge of由……照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter is in the charge of her. 51. in class, in the class in class在课上，in the class在班级里 He is the best student in the class. 52. on fire, on the fire on fire着火,on the fire在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire. 53. out of question, out of the question out of question毫无疑问的，out of the question不可能的 54. a second, the second a second又一，再一，the second第…… He won the second prize.  55. by day, by the day  by day白天，by the day按天计算 The workers are paid by the day. 56. the people, a people the people指人，a people指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 57. it, one it同一物体，one同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 59. none, nothing, no one ‎ ‎ none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人   --- How many…/How much…? --- None. 60. anyone, any one anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人物均可，可接of any one of you 62. what, which what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?  63. other, another  other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数 other students, another student 64. not a little, not a bit not a little非常，not a bit一点也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。 65. many, much, a lot of many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I haven't many books. 66. much more…than, many more…than much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词，many more…than后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful  67. no, not  no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water  68. no more than, not more than   no more than相当于only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过 69. majority, most  majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可 the majority of people 70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself by oneself单独的，独自的，for oneself为自己，to oneself供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.  71. at all, after all  at all根本，全然, after all到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.  72. tall, high tall常指人或动物，high常指物体 He is tall. 73. fast, quickly fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly 74. high, highly high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of 75. healthy, healthful healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise 76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy  sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.  77. gold, golden  gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish a gold ring 78. most, mostly ‎ ‎ most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly…‎ 80. wide, broad  wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broad shoulders 81. real, true ‎ real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story 82. respectful, respectable respectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 85. understanding, understandable understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake 86. close, closely close接近，closely紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close 88. good, well good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again. 89. quiet, silent, still  quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，沉默的，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。 90. hard, hardly hard努力，hardly几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it. 91. able, capable able与不定式to do连用，capable与of连用 He is capable of doing… 93. late, lately late迟，晚，lately最近，近来 I haven't seen him lately. 95. excited, exciting excited使人兴奋的，跟于人后；exciting令人兴奋的，跟于物后 I'm excited. The news is exciting.‎ ‎96. deep, deeply deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep 97. aloud, loud aloud出声地，loud大声地 read aloud(出声地读) 98. worth, worthy 二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done  It is worth visiting. = It's worthy to be visited. = It's worthy of being visited. 100. before long, long before before long不久以后，long before很久以前 not long before = before long