中考复习一六大时态及练习 34页

‎· 一般现在时: :表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。 ‎ ‎· · 一般现在时的具体用法: 1. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。　 　　 e.g.  I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.　 2. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。　 　　 e.g.  The earth moves around the sun. 3. 表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态　 e.g. He lives in Beijing now. 4. 习惯性的爱好或行为 e.g. I like dancing while she likes singing. 5. 表示预先计划或安排好的行为。　 e.g.  Our class begins at 7:45. 6. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。　 e.g.  If you come, we will wait for you. 7. 表示格言或警句中。　 e.g.  Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。　 8.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。　 e.g. I don't want so much.　 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.　 　　I am doing my homework now. 9.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。　 10.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜”性，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。　 11.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。　 注意★：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。　 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。‎ ‎· · 一般现在时与现在进行时的区别: 一、两种时态的主要含义： 一般现在时 1.表示事物的本质特性或客观存在，没有时限性。 The table ____ soft。（feels)‎ ‎ 表特性特征。 Japan ___ in the east of China。　(lives) 表客观事实 2.现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为，可带频率时间。 The shop closes at 7:30 p.m. Father doesn’t smoke. （习惯） 3.表说话时的状态，感觉或结果，一般用状态动词，如： It doesn’t matter. Does it hurt? （感觉结果） 4.特殊用法： －在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。 －If you go there,I’ll help you. —用在begin,come,go,leave,return,open,close 等短暂谓语动词表规定计划。 The plane takes off at 11:30. （不受主观支配的计划） －在剧本、解说、标题或there(here）开头的句中表进行 There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang. I declare the meeting opens.（正在宣布） He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 （正在发生） 现在进行时 1.说话时正在发生，进行的动作 Look! Dark clouds are gathering . （正在发生） 2.表现阶段正在进行，但此刻不一定正在进行的事。 He usually gets up at 6:00,but this week he is getting up at 7:00. （现阶段正在进行，但说话时不一定在起床） 3.现在进行时的特殊意义 －表示主观打算常用于 go,come,leave,start,begin 等，位移、趋向动词。 How long are you staying here （准备停留） －表示眼前刚过去的语意即“话音刚落”，适用于tell,say,talk,discuss You don’t believe it You know I’m telling the truth. －表示安慰、关心、喜欢、讨厌等感情色彩。 He is always making noises in class. （讨厌） －在条件、时间、让步状语从句中表示将来正在进行。 Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow. 二、严格区分进行时与一般时的语义 1.‎ ‎ 持续动词的一般时表持续情况，经常性，习惯性行为或客观存在的事实，进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续。 2.短暂动词的一般时叙述事实，特征，能力而短暂动作进行时描述反复发生，即将发生或刚开始行为。 3.短暂动词和静态动词一般时表示实际情况客观状态、结果、特征、特性，进行时表未完成含开始或渐进之意。 The bus stops. （车停了－事实） The bus is stopping. （渐渐停下来） I love the job. （静态事实） I am loving the job. ( 渐渐爱上了） 4.come,go,leave,start,return,move,reach,sail,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划，进行时表主观打算推测。 Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. （表主观打算） The plane is taking off an hour later.（主观判断） 5.现在进行时带always,often,usually,sometimes，等频率副词表感情色彩，一般现在时则没有此用法。‎ ‎· · 一般现在时的句子转换： （1）当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例： ①陈述句：She is a student. 疑问句→ Is she a student? 否定句→ She is not a student. ②陈述句：I can swim. 疑问句→ Can you swim 否定句→ I can not swim. （2）当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数),does（单数she,he,it）变成问句； 在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t（I,you,以及复数), doesn’t（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 例： ①陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句：She has a little brother. 疑问句→ Does she have a little brother? 否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.‎ ‎· 一般现在时的表达方法： 主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是： 1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、 we ‎ ，谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示： We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go] My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。[give]‎ ‎· 2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。 3.谓语动词的变化规律是： 第三人称单数的构成见下表：‎ ‎· · 词 构成 举例 一般情况 词尾+s 动词原形 第三人称单数 work(工作) stop(停止)‎ works stops 以-ch, -sh, s, x, o结尾 词尾+es teach(教) wash(洗) dress(装扮) fix(安装) go(去)‎ teaches washes dresses fixes goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i，再加es fly(飞翔) try(尝试)‎ flies tries ‎· · · 特殊变化的词： be （是） - am,is,are I am she/he/it，名词单数都用 is we,you,they，名词复数都用are have （有） - have,has I,we,you,they，名词复数都用have she/he/it is，名词单数都用 has 助动词，不论单复数、不论什么人称都没有变化，都用 can,may,must,need,ought to 等。 而且，句子中有了助动词，谓语动词就不需要有任何变化了，即用动词原形表示。例： We have six classes every day. 我们每天上六节课。 I often get up at 6:30. 我经常6:30起床。 Jack likes Chinese food very much.杰克很喜欢中国饮食。 We can see some pictures on the wall.‎ ‎ 我们能看到墙上的画。 4.一般现在时常用的时间词语 常用于一般现在时的词语有 sometimes/usually/often/every day(week,year)/ now/always 等。 这些时间词语只是辅助作用，这些词语也可用于其它的时态，所以谓语动词变化才是最关键的。 注意：当表现强烈的感情色彩时，尽管有如 always/never/seldom 等频率副词，但一般在频率副词前加上be动词，后面变为动词的现在分词形式。 例：My father lose his key again. He is always losing his key.‎ ‎· · 一般现在时的基本结构: ‎ ‎· 一般现在时中当主语为第三人称单数的时，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎· ‎ ‎· 一般过去时: 表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 基本结构： 主语+动词过去式+其他； 否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词； 一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。‎ ‎· · 一般过去时句法结构： 肯定形式 主语+动词过去式+其他 例句：She often came to help us in those days. 否定形式 ①was/were+not；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词 例句：I didn't know you like coffee 一般疑问句 ①Did+主语+do+其他？ ②WasWere+主语+表语? 例句：Did I do that? 用表格整理如下： ‎ ‎· 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 疑问否定式 Iworked Did I work?‎ I did not work Did I not work?‎ He(She,It) worked Did he(she,it) work?‎ He(she,it) did not work Did he(she,it) notwork?‎ We worked Did we work?‎ We did not work Did we not work?‎ You worked Did you work?‎ You did not work Did you not work?‎ They worked Did they work?‎ They did not work Did they not work?‎ ‎· 记忆口诀： 一般过去时并不难，过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单，didn't ‎ 站在动原前，其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记！ 一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则：‎ ‎· 词 构成 举例 一般情况 词尾+ed 动词原形 过去式和过去分词 look talk looked talked 以不发音字母e结尾 词尾+d like arrive liked arrived 以“辅以字母+y”结尾 变y为i，再加ed fly study flied studied 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾+ed stop plan stopped planned ‎ ‎· 结构句型: 1．一般句子 I watched TV last night. 2．一般疑问句 Did you watch TV last night？ 3．there be 句型 There was an apple on the table last night. Was there an apple on the table last night ‎· · 一般过去时注意事项： 1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性 如果主句用了过去时，从句中一般也要用过去式，或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如： He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。 I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。 2.在口语中， 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去，而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如： I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor.‎ ‎ 不知你可否帮我一个忙。 I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。 I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。 Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗？ 3.used to used to 是一个词组，表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如： I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了) I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)‎ ‎· · 一般过去式用法： （1）一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。 一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。 句式：主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。 （2） 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如： yesterday,last week ,in  the  past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等. （句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响）。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？） Yes,I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。） Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。 （3）带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时。如： yesterday（昨天）、two days ago…（两天前…… ）、last year…（去年…）、the other day（前几天）、 once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前…）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时…）、at+一个时间点 Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗？ Lei Feng was a good ‎ soldier.雷锋是个好战士。 注：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。 （4）表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 （5）表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always，never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 比较： Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞） Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。 （表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦） I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 （不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒） （6）如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了） He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。 （意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了） I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。 （意味着现在不在早晨散步了） 比较： I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。 （只是说明过去这一动作） （7）有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。 I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。 （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）‎ ‎· · 一般过去时三变技巧: 一变：肯定句变为否定句 技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如： I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket. 技巧2.当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如： I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called ‎ me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didn't，动词还原，构成否定句。例如： The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs. 二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句 技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如： He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself? 技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如： Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old? 三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句 技巧1.确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如： They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert? 技巧2.辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如： The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?‎ ‎· ‎ ‎· 现在进行时: 表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来，也就是用现在进行时表示将来。 现在进行时的构成是: 主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式 例如：He is writing on the desk. ‎ ‎· · 现在进行时的构成: 主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式 第一人称单数I+am+ing. 第一人称复数We+are+ing. 第二人称单(复)数 You+are+ing 第三人称单数 He（She，it）+is+ing 第三人称复数 They+are+ing 肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth? 间接引语中改为过去进行时。 变化规则: 1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing 变sleeping) 2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing 变biting) 3.重读闭音节，以辅音字母加元音字母加辅音字母结尾的词，要双写尾字母再加ing（例：swim+m+ing=swimming) 4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节，变ie为y+ing （例：die-dying lie-lying） 5结尾为c且c读作/k/时，在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking ‎· · 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别: （一）现在进行时表示动作的暂时性，而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性 I am watching TV now. （暂时性） I watch TV every day. （经常性） （二）现在进行时可表示短暂性动作，而一般现在时表示长久性动作。 Lucy is living in Beijing.（短时间居住） Lucy lives in Beijing. （长久性居住） （三）现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩，而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。 You’re always forgetting the most important things. （责备） He is always helping others. （赞扬） He often helps others.‎ ‎ （事实） （四）有些动词不能用进行时，know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice，等等。 这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。 I have a lot of friends here. She wants to buy a new bike. 现在进行时用法注意： 1.进行时中，并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。 例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不用进行时态，而是用现在一般时表示。 这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。 例如：see（明白）,know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。 I hear someone singing. 我正听见有人唱歌。 Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人吗？ What does he think of it? 他觉得这怎么样？ 如果这些词使用正在进行时态，句子带有某种感情色彩。例如： Are you seeing someone off? 你在给谁送行吗？ They are hearing an English talk. 他们在听一个英语报告。 2.现在进行时还有另外一种含义，即它们能表达即将发生的事情，相当于一般将来时。 有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时，但却是表示将要发生的事，而不表示动作现在正在进行。 这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词：arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。 We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。 Are you going anywhere tomorrow？你明天准备去哪儿？ A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。 Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗？ 在表示将来的情况下，特别是be going to do sth. 这种结构，已经没有多少“去”的意思了，几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如： It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。 She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。 3.当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作，而这种动作可能使人不满，厌倦或满意。例如： ①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干预我的事。 （不满） ②The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步。‎ ‎ （满意） 4.在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。 When you are passing my way，please drop in. 你什么时候路过我家，请进来坐。‎ ‎· · 现在进行时的用法： A表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例：We are waiting for you. B. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时未必正在进行。 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。 I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（我下周要去尼泊尔旅行) We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎）现在进行时的应用 D .些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。    例如：He is joining the army. E.当现在进行时中有always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的    赞赏或厌烦的情绪。    例如：They are always helping us. 注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词时，一般不使用进行时态。 F.子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如： They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 G.ook, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如： Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。 H.当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 I.图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如： Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。‎ ‎· ‎ ‎· 过去进行时： 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was/were+V-ing。 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如： last night，last Saturday等； 或者与when,while,as引导的过去时间状语连用。‎ ‎· · 过去进行时的结构： 1. 过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成 eg: We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 2. 过去进行时的否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成 eg: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车。 3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were +主语+ 现在分词”组成 eg: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 你们在干什么昨天下午的时间啊  回答我啊?‎ ‎· · 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别： 一、二者概念理解 一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。 A、一般过去时 1.过去状态、动作或事件 He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间） 2.过去的习惯 a would ,used to与过去时 would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间 used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯 They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为） bWould 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。 Used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。 When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去） She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比) c 表示状态时一般只用used to Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态) dwas (were) used to +ving表示“合适于，适应于…..” He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常) He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应) 3.过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。 He sat there and listened to the ‎ radio.(依此发生) 4.客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等 How did you like the film? / Could you help me?‎ ‎· B. 过去进行时 1.在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生 What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生) 2.性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算 During that time he was going with us.(表示打算) 3.lways ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。 He was always Changing his mind.‎ ‎· 二、区别 A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。 I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”) B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用 It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用) He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时) C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。 例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down. D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行) I cooked the dinner while he played the piano. I saw him while I was walking to the station.‎ ‎· · 过去进行时的基本用法: 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。如： He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 　　 2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如： I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 　　 【注】一般过去时也有类似用法，但比较而言，用过去进行时显得更客气，更不肯定。 　　 3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、  厌恶等感情色彩，也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。如： They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。 　　 4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。 　　 比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此) 　　    He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)‎ ‎ 特殊用法 1、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully when the teacher read the text. 老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。 2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。 用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。 如：He told me that he was going soon. 他告诉我他很快就要走了。 3、表示故事发生的背景。 It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。 4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。 过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。 Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette. 5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。 5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。 I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。 6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。 She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart. 她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。 7、与always,constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩。 The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。‎ ‎· 一般将来时： 表示将来某一时刻的发生动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 一般句型有: 肯定句： I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go. 否定句： I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go. 疑问句： Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 简略回答： （肯）Yes,主语shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not 特殊疑问句： 一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首，后接一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外） Why will you be here on Sunday?（周日你为什么将要在这儿？） I will have a meeting on Sunday（我将要在周日举行一个聚会） （对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答） 一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改any,and改or，第一二人称互换 We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 被动句： will/shall+be+v.ed(及物动词过去分词） The letter will be sent tomorrow. 这封信明天将寄出去 We shall be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。‎ ‎· · 一般将来时的构成: 1. 用will或shall表示 　　 “助动词will或shall＋动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall，如： 　　 ①Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 　　  ②The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 　　  ③Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 　　 ④Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ 　　 2. 用be going to结构表示 　　  “be going to＋动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象 ‎ 表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如： 　　  ①We’re going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 　　  ②Look! It's going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 　　 3. 用现在进行时表示 　　 表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 　　 ①Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 　　 ②They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 　　 4. 用一般现在时表示 　　 根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 　　 ①The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 　　  ②If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 　　 5. 用“be＋动词不定式”或用“be about to ＋动词原形”的结构表示，如： 　　 ①He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。 　　  ②They’re about to leave. (=They’re leaving.) 他们就要走了。‎ ‎· · be going to与will的区别： be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别： 1. be going to 表示近期、将要发生的事情，will 表示的将来的时间则较远一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you ‎· shall和will区别： 1.shall和will常常缩写成'll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式 shall not 和will not 的缩写式分别为 shan't 和 won't。 基本句型: be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。后+动词原形。 be about to+动词原形，意为马上作某事，不能与tomorrow,next ‎ week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 2.will和shall在句子中所表达的“意志”是不同的，当句子主语是第一人称（I）的时候表示的是主语 I 的自主“意志”。 例：I will be clear tomorrow . 我会把这件事弄个水落石出 分析：这个句子中用will时，主语 I(我） 就带有强烈的意志，意思是我想让事情水落石出，并且有我会为此付诸努力的意思。 3.当第一人称，用shall的时候就是一个普通的句子，就没有主语的意志。 I shall come back in ten minutes .这句话就是单纯的说 我会在10分钟后回来 没有别的意思 I will come back in ten minutes. 而这句话就有一种意境上的不同。 我会在10分钟后回来，其中的意思还有，就算我有事耽搁了我也会想办法在10分钟后回来的意思 4.shall在第二 、三人称时也和will在第一人称一样。也只有在二三人称才带有意志，只不过shall带有的是“说话者”的意志。而不是主语的意志。 如：he shall be rewarded. 他会得到回报 分析这句话更深度的意思，我说过在shall用在第二三人称时有强烈的“说话者”的意志。 而这句话的“说话者”意志就是 他会得到回报，就算他没有得到回报“说话者”也会想办法让“he”得到回报。‎ ‎· · 一般现在时的用法: 基本用法： （1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。 例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。（主语是第一人称时最好用shall） Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？ We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。 （2）在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。 例如：Will she come? 她（会）来吗？ （3）在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见(a)，或是询问一个情况(b)： a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头？ b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗？ 在这类问句中，近几年来也有不少人用will，特别是在美国。例如： How will I get there? 我怎么去？ （4）be going to+ 动词原形 a.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。例如： We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。 How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过？ b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如： I think it is going to snow.‎ ‎ 我看要下雪了。 其他用法： 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成”外，还有以下几种形式。 一．“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或打算进行的事。例如： ①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 ②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。 二．go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live,fly,等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作（行进式动词）。 例如：I'm leaving for Beijing. 三．“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如： ①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗？ ②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。 四．“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如： We are about to leave.我们马上就走。 五．某些词，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay ，live,fly等的一般现在时也可表示将来。 ①The meeting starts at five o'clock.会议五点开始。 ②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车。 六。“be due to"构成的谓语，意味“定于…”也可表示将来时。‎ ‎· · 主将从现: 主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。 主将从现常见的有以下四种情况： 一、时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。 如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients.我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 二、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时 如：Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。 三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时 如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.在阅览室时应保持安静。 四、 如果if的条件状语从句遇到变换间接和直接时 , 祈使句应用not　to.... 如:She said not to close the ‎ window 常见的时间状语从句的连词有：as soon as,when,while ,as,until等 主将从现说的是在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时。例如： I will tell him about it when he comes. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing. 如果主句的时态是过去将来时，那么从句要用一般过去时。例如： He said that he would have another try if he had the chance. I knew he could help me if he was free the next day. 主要标志有：if 、unless 、until、 when 、as soon as ‎· ‎ ‎· 现在完成时: 过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 句式： 1. 否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't （hasn't）＋过去分词...”。 如：I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。 2. 一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词...？ 如： —Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？ —Yes, I have. 是的，我已经做完了。（No, I haven't. 不，我还没有做完。） 3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词...？如： How many times have you been to the Great Wall？你去过长城几次？ 提示：肯定句中有some, already时，改为否定句或疑问句时通常要分别改为any, yet。如： I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 → I haven't finished my homework yet. （否定句） → Have you finished your homework yet? （一般疑问句) 现在完成时常见两种句型： ①for短语 ②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句 ‎ ‎· · 现在完成时特点： 1. 非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用，若要用时间段状语，则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。 例如： He has left. He has been away for an hour. 2. have/has been to 表示曾经去过某地，但现在不在那；have/has gone to表示现在已去某地，现在不在这。 例如： He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. Mr. Li in not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 3. 完成时的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑问式常用yet，但若already用于疑问句时，表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。 例如：Have you read it already? ‎ ‎· ·‎ ‎ 现在完成时和一般过去时区别: 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。 但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等， 而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。 比较: I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别： have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称； have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称， 前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。 如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。 现在完成时注意事项: 1.如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如： It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。 2.终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。 3..现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去的时间状语） 如:yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非与for,since连用. 4.不能与when连用. ‎ ‎· · 现在完成时的用法： 1.表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet?     -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。 常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如： He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I have't seen her for four years.‎ ‎ 我有四年没见到她了。 3.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”。 常与twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。 如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京 ‎· 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如： now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等： Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如： already（肯定），yet（否定，疑问），just,before,recently,still,lately,never等： He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet? 6.现在完成时的"完成用法" 现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如： He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。） 现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此： 该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、频度时间状语（如：never，ever，once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this morning / month /year...，today等）连用。 例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 7.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。 例如： He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 （动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）‎ ‎ I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。 （动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。） 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now，so far）等。 例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。 如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 8.一段时间+has passed+since从句 主语＋have / has been＋since短语 例如：He has been in the League for three years. 或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了　　 9. 现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" （意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。　　 Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。 I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。 has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别 has gone to：去了没回 has been to ：去过 has been in：呆了很久 ‎ 初中英语分类练习 ‎ ‎ ——动词时态部分 ‎ 一般现在时与现在进行时专练 ‎ ‎( ) 1. Father usually ______ his newspaper after dinner. ‎ ‎ A. read B. reads C. reading D. is reading ‎ ‎( ) 2. The Blacks often ______ to the cinema on Saturday evenings. ‎ A. go B. goes C. is going D. are going ‎ ‎( ) 3.Look! The boy ______ with his mother in the pool. ‎ A. is swimming B. is swimming C. are swimming D. are swiming ‎ ‎( ) 4.--- What is Tom doing in the classroom? ‎ ‎ --- He ______ something on the blackboard.‎ ‎ A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing. ‎ ‎( ) 5.Old Tom usually ______ up at six and ______ sports in the garden. ‎ A. gets, dos B. gets, does C. get, does D. gets, do ‎ ‎( ) 6. It‟s ten o‟clock and Jack ______ still(仍然) ______ his homework. ‎ A. is, do B. is, doing C. are, do D. are, doing ‎ ‎( ) 7. The waiters ______ to work at five every morning. ‎ A. start B. starts C. starting D. are starting ‎ ‎( ) 8.I ______ a letter, so I can‟t go out with you. ‎ A. is writing B. am writing C. am writeing D. am writting ‎ ‎( )9.A hundred days _____ quite a long time. ‎ A. is B. are C. have D. has ‎ ‎( )10. --______ late for the meeting next time.‎ ‎ –Sorry, I won‟t. ‎ A. Don‟t B. Don‟t be C. Won‟t be D. Be not ‎ ‎( )11. My mother _____ noodles, but my father ______. ‎ A. likes, doesn‟t B. don‟t like, do C. likes, didn‟t D. didn‟t like, do ‎ ‎( )12. The picture ______ nice. ‎ A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking ‎ ‎( )13. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow. ‎ A. don‟t rain B. doesn‟t rain C. won‟t rain D. isn‟t rain ‎ ‎( )14. We are always ready _______ others. ‎ A. to helping B. to help C. help D. helping ‎ ‎( )15. I often hear her ______ about the boy. ‎ A. talking B. talk C. to talk D. talked ‎ ‎( )16. He‟s already a little weak in Chinese, ______ he ? ‎ A. is B. isn‟t C. has D. hasn‟t ‎ ‎( )17.Potatoes are ______ in the field by the farmers. ‎ A. grow B. growing C. grown D. grew ‎ ‎( )18. Does she have a watch? – Yes, she ______. ‎ A. have B. do C. has D. does ‎ ‎( )19. She _____ English very much now. ‎ A. is liking B. likes C. liked D. is teaching ‎ ‎( )20. She has no paper to _____ . Why not give her some? ‎ A. write B. be writing C. write on D. write in ‎ ‎( )21. Does Mr Know-all know ______ keys? ‎ A. to make B. how to make C. how make D. making ‎ ‎( )22. Does your mother ______ English now? ‎ A. teaches B. teach C. taught D. is teaching ‎ ‎( )23. Jack usually ______ mistakes last term. But this term he does better. ‎ A. makes B. made C. does D. did ‎ ‎( )24. The boy is too young, please ______ carefully. ‎ A. look after him B. look him after C. look at him D. look him at ‎ ‎( )25. She ______ you to come to my birthday party. ‎ A. hopes B. wishes C. want D. lets ‎ ‎( )26. --Where is Frank now? -- He ______ his bike in the yard. ‎ A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed ‎ ‎( )27. Bob often ______ his mother with the housework on Sundays. ‎ A. help B. helping C. helps D. helped ‎ ‎( )28. The students will go to the Summer Palace if it ______ tomorrow. ‎ A. don‟t rain B. doesn't rain C. won‟t rain D. isn't rain ‎ ‎( )29. If it _____ tomorrow, I will go by car. ‎ A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain ‎ ‎( )30. --What a nice garden! –She ______ it every day. ‎ A. is cleaning B. has cleaned C. cleans D. clean ‎ ‎( )31. --Where is Peter? ‎ ‎ -- He ______ his homework in the room. ‎ A. is doing B. does C. did D. do ‎ ‎( )32. The teacher told us that light ______ much faster than sound. ‎ A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be ‎ ‎( )33. My mother told us that Taiwan ______ part of China. ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎( )34. Do you know bananas _____ in Hainan? ‎ A. grows B. is grown C. grew D. are grown ‎ ‎( )35. The clothes ______very soft. ‎ A. are felt B. are feeling C. feel D. feels ‎ ‎( )36. The supermarket is far from Mary‟s house. So she _____ only once a week. ‎ A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there ‎ ‎( )37. Don‟t make so much noise. We _____ to the music. ‎ A. are listening B. listen C. listened D. have listened ‎ ‎( )38. I‟ll go swimming with you if I _____ free tomorrow. ‎ A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was ‎ ‎( )39. – Oh, Mrs. King, your sweater looks nice. Is it _____ wool ? ‎ ‎ -- Yes, and it‟s _____ Inner Mongolia. ‎ A. made of, made by B. made of, made in C. made by, made for D. made by, made from 一般将来时专练 ‎ ‎( )1. Her hope _______ the 2008 Olympic Games. ‎ A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in ‎ ‎( )2. --- Can I go to Beijing for my holiday, Dad? --- You can when you _______ a bit older. ‎ A. will get B. get C. are getting D. got ‎ ‎( )3. If he _______harder, he will catch up with us soon. ‎ A. study B. studies C. will study D. studied ‎ ‎( )4. --- Don‟t forget to ask him to write to me. ‎ ‎ --- I won‟t. As soon as he _______, I‟ll ask him to write to you. ‎ A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming ‎ ‎( )5. --- Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. ‎ ‎ --- Really? Where _______ he _______? ‎ A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. would; go ‎ ‎( )6. Frank _______ to see his grandma if he _______ free tomorrow. ‎ A. will come; will be B. comes; is ‎ C. will come; is D. comes; will be ‎ ‎( )7. There _______ a talk on science in our school next Monday. ‎ A. will give B. will be C. is going to give D. is ‎ ‎( )8. --- Shall we go shopping now? ‎ ‎ --- Sorry, I can‟t. I _______ my shirts. ‎ A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing ‎ ‎( )9. I believe that those mountains _______ with trees in a few years‟ time. ‎ A. are covered B. will be covered C. are covering D. will cover ‎ ‎( )10. It is said that about 400 cars _______ in the factory next month. ‎ A. were produced B. will produce C. are produced D. will be produced ‎ ‎( )11. --- Are you free this afternoon? ‎ ‎ --- No. I‟ll have an English composition _______ this afternoon. ‎ A. to write B. wrote C. to be writing D. to be written ‎ ‎( )12. --- Come back home every month. ‎ ‎ --- I _______. ‎ A. will B. must C. should D. can ‎ ‎( )13. A robot _______ think of itself; it _______ be told what to do. ‎ A. can‟t; must B. couldn't; can C. may not; will D. mustn't, may ‎ 一般过去时专练 ‎ ‎( )1. The mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead. ‎ A. come; climbing B. to come; to climb C. to come; climbing D. coming; climbing ‎ ‎( )2. The teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the ‎ papers away. ‎ A. to stop; blowing B. stopping; blowing C. to stop; blow D. stopped; blow ‎ ‎( )3. The sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible. ‎ A. felt B. feeling C. is feeling D. was feeling ‎ ‎( )4. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend. ‎ A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell ‎ ‎( )5. The boy was made _______ there for an hour by his father. ‎ A. standing B. stand C. to stand D. stands ‎ ‎( )6. I saw him _______ into the small store. ‎ A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone ‎ ‎( )7. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room ______ him clearly. ‎ A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard ‎ ‎( )8. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth _______ around the sun. ‎ A. was moving B. moved C. has moved D. moves ‎ ‎( )9. Oh, it‟s you. I‟m sorry I _______ know you _______ here. ‎ A. don‟t; are B. didn‟t; are C. didn‟t; were D. don‟t; were ‎ ‎( )10. Mr LuXun died in 1936. He _______ a lot of famous novels. ‎ A. wrote B. was writing C. has written D. would write ‎ ‎( )11. --- How was your weekend on the farm? ‎ ‎ --- Great! We _______ with the farmers. ‎ A. enjoy ourselves B. went fishing C. will work D. make friends ‎ ‎( )12. --- What did Mr Jones do before he moved here? ‎ ‎ --- He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years. ‎ A. is driving B. drove C. has driven D. drives ‎ ‎( )13. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. ‎ A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy ‎ ‎( )14. --- Liu Mei can‟t come tonight. ‎ ‎ --- Why? But she _______ me she would come. ‎ A. tells B. told C. is told D. had told ‎ ‎( )15. He turned off the light and then _______. ‎ A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left ‎ 完成时专练 ‎ ‎( )1. How long have you _______ here? ‎ A. come B. got C. arrived D. been ‎ ‎( )2. My grandpa died _________. ‎ A. at the age of my2 B. for2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. ‎ ‎( )3. I have ______ the car for a year. ‎ A. bought B. sold C. had D. buy ‎ ‎( )4. China has ________ the host for the 2008 Olympic Games since July 13, 2001 ‎ A. become B. been C. became D. turned ‎ ‎( )5. ______ the supermarket _____ for long?----No. It ____ half a year ago. ‎ A. Has… opened / was open B. Is …opened/ was…opened ‎ C. Has… been open /opened D. was…opened/ was…opened ‎ ‎( )6. I‟m sorry to hear that the girl ______ home for 2 days. ‎ A. left B. is away from C. has left D. has been away from ‎ ‎( )7. They have ______ the League. ‎ A. joined B. been C. joined in D. take part in ‎ ‎( )8. ---Where are the Greeks? ‎ ‎ ----They ________ for a few minutes. ‎ A. have gone B. have been here C. have been away D. have disappeared ‎ ‎( )9. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. ‎ A. been B. gone C. went D. never been ‎ ‎( )10. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. ‎ A. after B. since C. for D. that ‎ ‎( )11.---Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? ‎ ‎ ---I will. I _____ her several times. ‎ A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet ‎ ‎( )12. It‟s 7:00. I can‟t believe you ________ to school yet, Tony. ‎ A. have gone B. haven‟t gone C. don‟t go D. did go ‎ ‎( )13. ---What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? ‎ ‎ ---Just 2 weeks. ‎ A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had ‎ ‎( )14.---Do you know Lydia very well? ‎ ‎ ---Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young. ‎ ‎ A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned ‎ ‎( )15. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years. ‎ A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live ‎ ‎( )16. ---Hello, this is Mr Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr Black? ‎ ‎ --- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park. ‎ A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to ‎ ‎( )17. ---How long have you _____ ? --- Since 1990. ‎ A. bought the MP4 B. joined the Party C. become a midfield player D. lived in the town ( )18. ---Where is Allen? --- He ____ America on business. He ___ back in 2 weeks. ‎ ‎ A. has gone to, comes B. has been to, will be ‎ ‎ C. has gone to, will be D. has been to, will come ‎ ‎( )19. His grandma _______ for a year. ‎ ‎ A. died B. has been dead C. has been death D. was died ‎ ‎( )20. What ________ with the clothes? ‎ ‎ A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. have been done ‎ ‎( )21. ---Nancy, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? ‎ ‎ --- No, I won‟t. I _____ it already. ‎ A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see ‎ ‎( )22. ----____ you ever ____ to the US? --- Yes, twice. ‎ A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going ‎ ‎( )23. Look! What a clean room! Who ______ it? ‎ A. has tidied B. is tidying C. will tidy D. tidied ‎ ‎( )24. The EXPO(世博园) ________hundreds of millions of visitors since it opened. ‎ A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract ‎ ‎( )25. ----How is your grandma? I _____her for long.‎ ‎ ----She‟s fine, but busy. ‎ A. missed B. have met C. haven‟t seen D. didn‟t see ‎ ‎( )26. ---What are you going to do this weekend? --- I ____ yet. ‎ A. haven‟t decided B. didn‟t decide C. have decided D. didn‟t decide ‎ ‎( )27. ---- _____ you ______ your lunch? --- Yes. I _______ it at 1:00 pm. ‎ A. Did, have B. Have, had C. Are, having D. were, having ‎ ‎( )28. Everyone _______ the Great Wall before. ‎ ‎ A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. have been to ‎ ‎( )29. We have lived here ________ 5 years ago. ‎ A. for B. since C. in D. before ‎ ‎( )30. ---Where have you _______ these days? --- I have _____ to Dalian with my family. ‎ A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone ‎ ‎( )31. How long have you _____ this book?（哈尔滨） ‎ A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ‎ ‎（ ）32. ---- Where's Peter? --- He ______ to Nanjing. （沈阳） ‎ ‎ A. is going B. has been C. has gone D. went ‎ ‎ ( ) 33. You've never seen such a wonderful film before, ________? ‎ A. haven‟t you B. have you C. do you D. don‟t you ‎ ‎( )34. ---I have watched the game. ---When _____ you _____ it? ‎ ‎ A. have, watched B. do, watch C. did, watch D. will, watch ‎ ‎ ( )35.The old ________ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week. ‎ A. don‟t feel B. hasn't felt C. haven‟t felt D. didn't feel ‎ ‎( )36.His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She‟ll return next year. ‎ ‎ A. left B. has left C. has been away D. has been away from ‎ ‎( )37.I ______ to Canada twice. It‟s so beautiful. ‎ ‎ A. won‟t go B. have gone C. don‟t go D. have been ‎ ‎ ( )38. Peter says that the whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. ‎ ‎ A. where they have been B. they went where ‎ ‎ C. where are they from D. where they have gone ‎ ‎ ( )39. --- How long have you -______ the book? ‎ ‎ --- For several weeks ‎ ‎ A. bought B. borrowed C. lent D. kept ‎ ‎ ( )40 . ---Has the match started?‎ ‎ --- Started? Finished! Guo Yue ______. ‎ A. is winning B. wins C. will win D. has won ‎ 时态综合训练 ‎ I、选择填空 ‎ ‎（ ）1. It ______ 3 years since he left us. ‎ ‎ A. is B. has been C. was D. were ‎ ‎( ) 2. 15 years ________ since I became a teacher. ‎ ‎ A. passed B. has past C. have passed D. has passed ‎ ‎( )3. They told us that they ________ three hundred trees by the time the workers got there. ‎ A. have planted B. planted C. had planted D. were planting ‎ ‎( )4. My daughter won‟t go to sleep until I _______ back. ‎ A. go B. goes C. have gone D. will go ‎ ‎( )5. Kitty ________ games while I was cooking. ‎ ‎ A. plays B. was playing C. make D. does ‎ ‎( )6. What ______ they doing then on the hill? ‎ ‎ A. are B. were C. is D. was ‎ ‎( )7. He ________ his homework this time yesterday. ‎ ‎ A． does B. was doing C. is doing D. is ‎ ‎( )8.The letter _______ a week ago and it______ yesterday. ‎ A. posted; arrived B. was posted; arrived C. is posted; arrived D. has posted; has arrived ‎ ‎( )9.They ________ friends since they met in Shanghai. ‎ ‎ A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned ‎ ‎( )10. The workers __________ many toys in the factory last year. ‎ ‎ A. invent B. invented C. invention D. inventing ‎ ‎( )11. Neither you nor he ________ New York city. ‎ ‎ A. has gone to B. have gone to C. have been to D. has been to ‎ ‎( )12. By ten o‟clock yesterday they _______ at the airport. ‎ ‎ A. had arrived B. have arrived C. shall arrive D. arrive ‎ ‎( )13. I got up very late this morning. There _______ no time to have breakfast. ‎ ‎ A. had B. has C. was D. is ‎ ‎( )14. So far we ________ the moon. ‎ ‎ A. gets to B. arrived C. have reached D. have arrived ‎ ‎( )15. I _______ for them at the school gate ______ it began to rain. ‎ ‎ A. didn‟t wait, until B. didn‟t wait, when C. waited, until D. waited, because ( )16. He said a new school _________ in two weeks. ‎ ‎ A. will be built B. would be built C. had built D. was being built ( )17. Two-thirds of the work __________ by the computer last week. ‎ ‎ A. are done B. is done C. were done D. was done ‎ ‎( )18. He ________ his bag in the library this morning. ‎ ‎ A. forgot B. lost C. had left D. left ‎ ‎( )19. My brother ______ while he _______ his bicycle and hurt himself. ‎ ‎ A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding ( )20. “ Did you catch the bus?” “No, when I ______ there, the bus ________.” ‎ A. gets, has left B. got, left C. got, had left D. had got, left ‎ ‎( )21. --- She hasn‟t washed the car, has she? ‎ ‎ --- No, she hasn‟t. But she said she ______ it after supper. ‎ A. had washed B. washes C. will wash D. was going to wash ‎ ‎( )22. --- _____ will you finish writing the article? ‎ ‎ --- In two days. ‎ A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How fast ‎ ‎( )23. Someone _____ at he door when she was cooking in the kitchen. ‎ A. had knocked B. has knocked C. knocked D. was knocking ‎ ‎( )24. ---- Where is Teddy now? ‎ ‎ --- He ____ his bike in the yard. ‎ A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing D. fixed ‎ ‎( )25. Noddy ________ a film if he‟s free next Sunday. ‎ A. see B. saw C. has seen D. will see ‎ ‎( )26. The photo ________ nice. ‎ A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking ‎ ‎( )27. Great changes ______ in Shenyang during the past ten years. ‎ A. have happened B. have been happened C. happened D. was happened ‎ ‎( )28. The film _________ for five minutes. ‎ A. has been B. has been on C. began D. has begun ‎ ‎( )29. Hurry! We _____ the train. ‎ A. will miss B. miss C. missed D. have missed ‎ ‎( )30. Unless it ________tomorrow, I‟ll go on foot. ‎ A. doesn‟t rain B. rains C. will rain D. won‟t rain ‎ ‎( )31. _____ Mr White ___ the doctor the day before yesterday? ‎ A. Does, see B. Has, seen C. Will, see D. Did, see ‎ ‎( )32. I‟ll visit my teacher when she ________. ‎ A. will return B. return C. returns D. returned ‎ ‎( )33. ---What were they talking about when you ______ them? ‎ ‎ --- About Yao Ming. ‎ A. see B. had seen C. saw D. were seeing ‎ ‎( )34.One of my classmates___ for England this Friday.Shall we go to see her off at the airport? ‎ A. are leaving B. is left C. is leaving D. goes ‎ ‎( )35. Be quiet! Your father ________. ‎ A. sleeps B. sleeping C. is thinking D. was working. ‎ ‎( )36. Everyone except Tom and Johnny ____ there when the meeting began.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. are D. were ‎ ‎( )37. What does the sentence “ Don‟t trouble trouble till trouble _____ you.” mean? ‎ A. trouble B. troubles C. will trouble D. troubled ‎ ‎( )38. ---I hear your father ____ to Japan once. ‎ ‎ ---Yes, he_______ there last year. ‎ A. went, has been B. has gone, went C. has been, went D. had gone, has been ‎ ‎( )39. ---Could you go to buy some salt for me? ‎ ‎ ---Sorry, mum. I ____ my homework. ‎ A. am doing B. do C. will finish D. have finished ‎ ‎( )40. --- What ______ under the bed, Tim? ‎ ‎ --- Oh, Where „s my other sock, dad? ‎ A. do you do B. are you doing C. have you done D. did you do ‎ II 用适当的动词形式填空。 ‎ ‎1. She kept the radio when she ______(do) homework. ‎ ‎2. –She was reading newspapers. ‎ ‎ --What __you ___(do) ? ‎ ‎3 Lao Wang told the policeman that he _____(listen) to the radio at that time. ‎ ‎4. I ______(use)to be a teacher but now ______(be) a manager. ‎ ‎5 While I ______(run)along. A dog suddenly ______(run) across the road. ‎ ‎6 Last night my father _____(read) a book while my mother ______(sew). ‎ ‎7 What _____you _____ (do) the whole Sunday? I ______(go)over my lessons. ‎ ‎8 When I _____ (get)home, the telephone bell _____(ring) ‎ ‎9 It was Sunday and we _________ (sit) at the table when father suddenly _________(smile) And ___________(say) to us, “ Oh, dear me, I forgot __________(tell) you the good news. There is a letter from Granny. She ___________(come) to see us this afternoon. I ________(meet) Her at the station, ” with these words he went out. ‎ How happy we _________(be)! We ___________(not see ) Granny for half a year and ____________(miss) her very much. After lunch my mother and I ___________(go) shopping. We ___________(buy) a lot of food that Granny liked. My sister __________(clean) the house. It ‎ ‎ ___________(be) four o'clock when we ____________(finish) and we ___________(sit) around the table, ____________(wait) for Granny. At last the door __________(open) and in came my father, alone. “Where _________(be) Granny? “ We ___________(ask). Father _________(laugh) and ___________(say), “ April Fools !” “ Today ___________(be) April 1st--- April Fool's Day.” ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎ 一般现在时与现在进行时专练 ‎ ‎1-5BAACB 6-10BABAB 11-15AABBB 16-20 BCDBC ‎ ‎21-25 BBBAC 26-30 CCBAC 31-35 AAABC 36-39 AACB 一般将来时专练 ‎ ‎1-5 BBBCB 6-10 CBDBD 11-13 AAA 一般过去时专练 ‎ ‎1-5 CABAC 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BBCBD 完成时专练 ‎ ‎1-5 DCCBC 6-10 DACBB 11-15 BBDCC 16-20 BDCBA 21-25 BBACC 26-30 ABABB 31-35 CCBCC 36-40 DDDDD ‎ 综合练习 ‎ I、 1-5 ADCAB 6-10 BBBCB 11-15 DACCC 16-20 BDDAC 21-25 DBCCD 26-30 AABAB 31-35 DCCCC 36-40 BBCAB II、 ‎ ‎1. was doing 2. were doing 3. was listening 4. used , am ‎ ‎5. was running, ran 6. was reading , was sewing 7. were doing, ‎ was going 8. got, was ringing 9. were sitting , smile , said, to tell, is coming, am going to meet, were , hadn‟t seen , missed, went, bought, cleaned, was, finished, sat, waiting, opened, is,, asked, laughed, said, is