高考英语二轮 专题复习 20阅读表达教学案教师版 30页

高考英语二轮 专题复习 20阅读表达教学案（教师版）‎ ‎【2013高考考纲解读】‎ 从近几年的山东、天津和湖南等高考阅读表达题来看，该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的 综合语言运用能力的考查。‎ 其命题特点是：‎ ‎1.阅读表达的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，文章长度大致相同或比传统的阅读短文略短，总阅读量不会太大（约200~300词）。‎ ‎2.生词量较大，有许多超“标”词汇，要求考生凭借上下文语境及生活常识予以推测感知。‎ ‎3.语篇意识和思维灵活性有所强化，文章的结构层次性更强。‎ 阅读表达题型具有多样性，概括起来一般采用以下7种形式：‎ 问题类型 常见问题 主旨概括 What’s the best title of the passage?‎ What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage?‎ What’s the main idea of the passage/article?‎ 填空 Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence / proper words or phrases.‎ 翻译句子 Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese.‎ 同意句替换 Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one.‎ 封闭性问题 Regular close-ended wh-questions based on the passage.‎ 开放性问题 What would you do if you …? What other suggestions would you give?‎ How would you settle the problem if you…?‎ 其他类型 ‎…‎ 每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类,问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列.其他类型的题目属于不确定题型,是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的,与以上六种题型不同的问题类型.为了控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间,在每一个需要考生回答的问题后面都有具体字数的要求(翻译句子题除外).‎ ‎【重点知识整合】‎ 阅读表达题是自2007年开始山东省高考试题中增加的一种新的测试题型，要求考生阅读所给短文，然后按照题目要求回答文后的五个问题，每个问题3分，总分15分。该题型的测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力。比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生的综合语言运用能力的考查。 阅读表达题的解题方法与技巧 1、主旨概括：主要考查考生对文章内容的整体把握能力。要想答好该题考生必须有很强的概括能力或归纳能力，要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句，剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所用的论据，即要分清主旨和细节。概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可太笼统离题太远或者以偏概全，文中标题格式可以是完整的句子、简洁的短语。也可以用问题的形式，同时要注意字数要求。具体的表达可以先根据文章内容找出关键词，再在此基础上确定文章标题或者文章的main idea。 2、同义句替换：只有准确理解所给句子的意义才能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。 3、填空：回答此类问题时一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。 4、翻译句子：在该类题目中要求翻译的句子往往是结果较为复杂或者包括一些特定习语的句子。因此再翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构并结合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的语境，同时还要注意英、汉两种语言及其问题特征的差异，最后在忠实于原文的基础上把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子。 5、封闭性问题：封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的wh-questions。 6、开放性问题：开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。 7、其他类型：该题是结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的除以上6种类型以外的类型的题。比如设计图表题推理判断题等。下面通过山东卷的阅读表达实例对各种类型问题的答题技巧一一说明。‎ An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up, if the sender wasn’t important enough to have his private number, the communication couldn’t be that important, my friend is now even more senior in the same company so the strategy must work. Almost every week now there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. _________. Firstly, you junk nothing with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters, or from any address you don’t recognize or feel confident about. Secondly, e-mails don’t all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there’s a tendency for correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless discussion or to accept a point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it. Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn’t have to be the same length as the original. We all have e-mail pals who send long, chatty e-mail, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a better reply. ‎ ‎76Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails ___________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎77Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words ) ___________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎78What advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎79For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ?(within 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎80Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. ____________________________________________________________________ ‎ 答案与解析 ‎76. 答案If this is the case, it’s only because we haven’t developed an appropriate discrimination in dealing with it. 解析该题为同意句替换题，细读所给句子不难得出其意义“这些令人恼火的情况之所以存在，是因为我们没有对电子邮件进行分类的能力”。然后对照原文就很容易找到其同意句了。‎ ‎ 77. 答案E-mail(s) can be handled in the following ways. / Here are the ways to deal with e-mail(s). / handling e-mail(s) is an art. 解析该题为填空题。做该类题目首先要根据上下文搞清楚所填内容是句子还是短语或单词。从该题要求来看我们可以知道此处要填入合适的句子。联系上下文可知，下文所列三条都是处理电子邮件的方法，那就不难知道此处所填句子内容应该是一个概括性较强的topic sentence。这样我们就不难知道该填什么内容了。 78. 答案You may reply to a long e-mail briefly./ You don’t have to write a long reply e-mail. 解析该题为封闭性问题。要求答出最后一段所给的建议。做这种类型的题目时，首先要读懂该段要告诉读者的是什么信息，然后根据要求进行总结。因为有字数限制，所以答题时要特别注意如何用词和如何组织语言。从最后一段的第一句我们就可以知道这条建议是告诉读者“在回复e-mail时，不必和对方来信的长度一样”。其实这句话就是该问题的答案。但是由于有字数限定我们就必须改变一下说法，使答案的字数控制在10个单词以内。这样就可以避免学生照抄原文，从而达到考察学生灵活运用语言能力的目的。 ‎ ‎79. 答案To show a way of handling e-mail(s) with an example. / To introduce the topic of the text. 解析该题属于其他类型的题目。要求考生写出作者在第一段中提到他美国朋友的写作意图。纵观全文不难知道该短文的主旨是向读者介绍处理电子邮件的方法。而作者在第一段引用他美国朋友处理邮件的方法做为例子，目的正是为了揭示文章主题。 ‎ ‎80. 答案用简短的话回复冗长的邮件完全不失礼节。用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。 解析该题为句子翻译题。做该题时应先分析句子成分，搞清每个意群的含义，然后结合上下文以及文章的中心思想。调整成符合汉语表达习惯的通顺的汉语句子。翻译该句：关键是搞清处两个短语的含义，一个是within the bound of (在…范围内), 另一个是in responding to。‎ ‎【高频考点突破】‎ 高考题型:Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with a propersentence.(within 10 words);Fill in the blank inparagraph 4 with proper words.(Please answer within 6words.)‎ 解题策略:整体理解,仔细推敲,注意上下文的逻辑性,关注文中表示对比、转折、递进、并列、因果等关系的关联词;分析句子结构,用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空;把握作者的思路,简练表达,切忌偏离主题、断章取义;放回原文中检查,确保上下文连贯,语法正确。‎ 考点三、翻译句子该题型要求将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。‎ 高考题型:You are perfectly within the bounds of po-liteness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply 解题策略:分析把握句子结构;遵循忠实通顺的原则,表达完整;注意英汉语序的差异,译文要求符合汉语表达习惯;翻译关键词;语言简练。‎ 考点四、英文释义 该题型要求根据所给的英文释义句子,在短文中寻找相同的句子。此类试题较简单,相当于传统阅读理解中的转换理解,答案较固定。‎ 一般出题方式:Which sentence in the passage can breplaced by the following one?例如:Which sentence in tpassage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Tpossible existence of annoyance results from our inability sort out e-mails.‎ 解题策略:通过上下文,整体理解所给句子;分析所给句子的结构、含义、实际用意;在文中找相同含义的句子;不能增加或减少,所找句子必须准确、完整。‎ 考点五、封闭型问题 该题型要求学生结合文中某个问题进行解答。‎ 一般出题方式有:Regular Wh-Questions based on thpassage.例如:What advice is given in the last paragrap(within 10 words)(2007年高考);List three activities thmight develop into addictions based on the text.(Please aswer within 8 words.)(2008年高考)‎ 解题策略:面对该类问题,学生可以结合文中的具体依据进行回答,答案是固定的、唯一的。‎ 考点六、开放型问题该题型要求学生结合个人的观点、态度进行表述。‎ 一般出题方式有:what would you do if you were.What do you think...?Which of...do you think is the best fyou,why?‎ 解题策略:面对该类题型,学生可以依据自己的看法结合原文理解作出回答,注意扬长避短,避难就易。‎ 考点七、其他题型除了上述较为常见的题型外,高考命题人员还有可能根据阅读理解文章的题材和体裁设置其他题目。‎ 每年的高考题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，问题的顺序也会结合问题的信息点在文章种出现的顺序进行排列。其他类型的题目属于不确定题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的与以上六种题型不同的问题类型。还有就是为了控制考生在该试题上所化肥的时间，在每一个需要考生回答的 问题后面都有具体字数的要求（翻译句子和句子填空题除外）‎ ‎【难点探究】‎ 山东省高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了阅读表达这一题型。阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查书面表达能力，同时，这类题目不但选材紧跟时代步伐，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，是一种不错的试题。然而，同学们对这一题型却感到束手无策，不知从何下笔。针对这一情况，我们应在平时的训练中不断总结做题方法，探索答题规律，掌握这类题目的解题技巧。下面让我们一起剖析一下它的内部结构。 ‎ ‎　　1.概括文章大意、标题，或指出作者写作的主要意图 ‎ ‎　　What is the purpose of the writer’s writing this passage? ‎ ‎ What’s the best title of the passage? ‎ ‎　　What’s the main idea of the passage/article? ‎ ‎　　2.补全文章中空缺的句子 ‎ ‎　　Please fill in the blank in the passage with a proper sentence/proper words or phrases. ‎ ‎　　3.根据语境翻译句子 ‎ ‎　　Translate the underlined sentence in the … paragraph into Chinese. ‎ ‎　　4.同义语句替换 ‎ ‎　　Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? ‎ ‎　　Please find out the sentence in the passage which can be replaced by the following one. ‎ ‎ 5.封闭性问题和开放性问题 ‎ ‎ （1）回答问题 ‎ ‎　Which of the___do you think is the best/most important for you/sb else? Why? ‎ ‎　Do you think it is good/bad/better if ___? Why? (Please answer within ___ words.) ‎ ‎　（2）陈述个人观点 ‎ ‎　　What would you do if you…? ‎ ‎　　How would you settle the problem if you…? ‎ ‎　　Have you ever done…? ‎ ‎ 下面结合自己的做法提出对英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 ‎ 一、带着问题去阅读。先看试题，再读文章才能掌握问题的类型。了解题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，才能有针对性地阅读，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。这样既提高了做题的准确率，也节省了宝贵的时间。 ‎ ‎ 二、对于概括文章大意、标题,或指出作者写作的主要意图这一类型的题目，要快速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。对于大多数文章而言，在第一段往往就交待了该文章的中心内容，首段中的首句或尾句通常会点明该段的中心，因此一般而言，通过归纳第一段的首尾句便可写出该文章的标题。在答题时，切记要有关键词，简明扼要，且不要出现语法错误。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 三、句子替换题型。只要准确理解所给句子的意义，抓住所给句子中的关键词，就能准确快速地找出原文中意义相同的句子。 ‎ ‎ 在答题时，要求考生在文章中准确找到原句并将其完整地抄写在答题纸所给定的位置上，切不可只是写上第“X”个句子了事，这样是不能得分的。 ‎ ‎ 四、完成句子题型。这种题型要求考生抓住事实和细节，弄明白空缺的句子及其上下文的内容，而且要弄清其间的关系，根据这些关系猜测出空缺处的内容，然后再读上下文，最后确定答案。 ‎ ‎ 五、开放性问题。这类题型是阅读表达中的主观性试题，要求考生根据文章涉及的问题，结合个人的观点、经验来回答。此类问题的解答比较容易，考生可根据自己的观点选择较容易回答的来回答。这种题目往往设计有两个题目，回答此题时必须回答完整，即怎么问就怎么答。注意别出现语法错误。 ‎ ‎ 六、翻译题目。这一题目是对学生综合语言知识理解和运用的考察，要求翻译的句子往往是结构较为复杂或者包括一些特定短语的句子。考生不仅要理解英语语句，而且需要将其转译成汉语，因此又是对汉语表达水平的一种检测。因此，在翻译之前一定要先分析句子结构，并结合句子所在的语境，在忠实原文的基础上，把画线部分的句子翻译成符合汉语表达习惯的句子，避免出现“英语式的汉语”或句子的漏译、错译等错误。 ‎ ‎ 总之，提高英语阅读表达水平不是一朝一夕的事情，教师持之以恒地结合教材内容对学生进行训练是提高其阅读表达水平的重要途径。在训练过程中，教师加强对学生的指导是提高学生阅读表达水平的重要保证。‎ ‎【历届高考】‎ ‎2012高考英语试题 ‎【2012·山东卷】阅读表达（共5小题，每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答案卡相应的位置上（请注意76至79四个小题后面的词数要求）。‎ ‎[1] Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”‎ ‎[2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goosehead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, ‎ and Ashley had about 30 employees. ‎ ‎[3] After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The Goosehead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “ I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen — I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too！“‎ ‎[4] In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when _______, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keep going until you hear ‘yes’!”‎ ‎76. For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead?(no more than 10 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎77. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ （no more than 6 words） ________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎78. According to paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down?(no more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎79. How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company?(no more than 5 words) ________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎80. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. ________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【考点定位】考查细节理解题。‎ ‎79.【答案】Happy, crazy and stressed.‎ ‎【解析】根据第三段Power的自述中可知。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查细节理解题。‎ ‎80.【答案】others say something/others give you advice/people talk about you ‎【解析】根据后句中的because I heard “no” a lot可以推断，此处表达的应该是“不要听别人说”。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查细节理解题。‎ ‎[2012·天津卷] ‎ 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。‎ Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn't stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was wellconditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a longdistance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.‎ For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world's best longdistance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a tenmile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke ‎ a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.‎ Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.‎ When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things—travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.‎ ‎56．What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games？(No more than 5 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎57．What does the underlined word“obstacles” mean？(1 word)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎58．What achievement did Nyad make in 1970？(No more than 10 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎59．Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore？(No more than 10 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎60．Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad.(No more than 20 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案] ‎ ‎56．A serious illness (did)．‎ ‎57．Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.‎ ‎58．She swam a tenmile marathon and set the women's record./She swam a tenmile marathon, setting the women's record./She set the women's record for a tenmile marathon swimming.‎ ‎59．Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task)．/Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.‎ ‎60．I am encouraged by her determination and strong will./I am inspired by her ‎ courage and strong desire to succeed./From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it./We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure./We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.‎ ‎[2012·湖南卷] Section A (10 marks)‎ ‎ Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.‎ ‎ Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.‎ Since the earliest civilizations，people have controlled rivers to meet society’s demands. Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power generation, for navigation(航行), and to prevent flooding.‎ River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river engineering works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the construction of dams.‎ An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century, when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened. One of the most dramatically changed was the Tisza River, a branch of the Danube that flows through Hungary. The controlling of the Tisza, designed to reduce flooding and make land for agriculture, included cutting off more than 100 meanders (河曲), shortening the river's length by nearly 400 kilometers.‎ One of the most common ways in which people control rivers is by damming them. The past 50 years or so has seen an increase in dam construction worldwide, and at the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 800,000 dams globally, some towering more than 200 meters in height.‎ Despite their successes, many dams also cause significant environmental changes that prove harmful. Some particularly deep reservoirs (水库) can bring about earthquakes due to the stress on their bottom rocks caused by huge volumes of water. Downstream of a reservoir, the river is certainly influenced in many ways: water volume, speed and quality are all affected, leading to changes in the landscape and among plants and animals.‎ ‎ 71. River Control 72. Reasons ‎ 73. supply 74. agriculture ‎ 75. flooding 76. deepening ‎ 77. stabilizing 78. shortening ‎ 79. dam construction 80. the environment ‎【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人们控制河流的原因及方式。‎ ‎71. River Control　文章标题题。考查文章标题的总结。文章的第一段就提到controlled rivers，第二段更直接提到River control，接下来的各段多次提到这些词语。‎ ‎72. Reasons　段落大意题。考查对一个段落的概括总结。根据第一段的…rivers are controlled for many reasons…可知答案。‎ ‎73. supply　词性转换题。考查名词转换为动词。根据第一段的…to maintain reliable water supplies…再根据空前的不定式符号，可知要将名词supplies转化为动词。‎ ‎74. agriculture　词性转换题。考查形容词转换为名词。根据第一段的agricultural和空格前后的名词形式可知答案。‎ ‎75. flooding　信息查询题。直接在原文中查找信息。根据第一段的to prevent flooding可直接找到答案。‎ ‎76. deepening　信息查询题。直接在原文中查找信息。根据第二段的including widening, ‎ 阅读简答 O4[2012·湖南卷] Section B (10 marks)‎ Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.‎ ‎ A wise teacher once told me that every teenager needs to experience a notsofun first job from working at a grocery store to the fast food industry.‎ ‎ Now I still remember my first day at a fast food restaurant three years ago. I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. The restaurant called me right away and I thought to myself, this is going to be easy. Within four hours of my first shift (轮班), I had angry customers who complained how slow I was. I watched in fear as a kid spilled his milk everywhere, and I heard the words that no 16yearold boy or anyone for that matter wants to hear: “Mike, there's a problem in the men's bathroom and you might want gloves for this one.” I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and, particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.‎ ‎ Over three years later I still work at that restaurant whenever I go home during vacations. I love my coworkers there and all the customers know who I am. Every morning the same senior citizens come in and get their morning coffees. They chat with us workers and joke around. Our smiles have just as much to do with them making us a part of their everyday lives as the coffee does.‎ ‎ From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion.‎ ‎ I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.‎ ‎ 81. Why did the author apply everywhere that summer?‎ ‎ (No more than 12 words) (2 marks)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 82. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do?‎ ‎ (No more than 14 words) (3 marks)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 83. Why does the author still work at the restaurant during vacations?‎ ‎ (No more than 13 words) (2 marks)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 84. What did the author learn from his first job?‎ ‎ (No more than 11 words) (3 marks)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。作者记叙了自己的第一份工作经历以及从中学到的东 [2012·江西卷] ‎ 阅读下面短文并回答问题。 ‎ ‎ Stamp collectors usually collect stamps only from certain countries or regions.The traditional method of stamp collecting is to organize stamp collection according to the issue dates.‎ Of course, there are many ______________. You can collect stamps relating to ‎ a particular theme. For example, sport lovers may choose the Olympic theme. They try their best to find Olympic stamps issued by various parts of the world every four years. Some of them may want to concentrate on even more specific sport activities like ball games, gymnasium, swimming, etc. ‎ ‎ If you like astronomy, you may be keen on collecting stamps describing the stars, planets, spacecraft, spacemen, etc. Once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected. Then, you can put all your effort to collect the stamps around it. ‎ China issues zodiac animal stamps(十二生肖邮票) every year to celebrate the Lunar New year. They are extremely popular and a lot of collectors wait patiently for 12 years to collect a full set of them. Hong Kong's Lunar New Year special stamp series began in 2000 with the year of Dragon and the twelfth and final set was issued in 2011, the Year of Rabbit. Recently some Western countries have issued zodiac animal stamps, which attract a lot of attention as well.‎ You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point. The topic you choose should not be too narrow. Otherwise, it is very difficult to accumulate stamps around the topic. You will be depressed and even lose your interest in collecting stamps.‎ Collecting stamps with themes is especially popular among teenagers because there is a wide range of choices for them. The main challenge is how you organize and expand your collection around your theme.‎ ‎ 76. What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 5 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 77. Fill in the blanks in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)‎ ‎ Of course, there are many ________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎ 78. What should you do if you want to collect a full set of zodiac animal stamps? (no more than 7 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 79. List the three general themes in collecting stamps mentioned in the passage. (3 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 80. What does the word “them” (Line 3, Paragraph 6) probably refer to?‎ ‎ (1 word)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2011高考英语试题 ‎（2011山东卷）第四部分书面表达(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节阅读表达(第76题2分， 77、78、80题每题3分，第79题4分，满分l5分)‎ 阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。‎ ‎[ 1 ] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?‎ ‎[2] If , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, ‎ anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.‎ ‎[3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.‎ ‎76. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? (no more than 5 words)‎ ‎77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)‎ ‎78. What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? (no more than 5 words)‎ ‎79. What do experts say about text addiction? (no more than 14 words)‎ ‎80. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words)‎ ‎【评析】较往年山东卷高考阅读表达，今年的阅读表达考题形式有了创新，值得我们去研究。总起来说阅读表达题型的考查能力还是学生的语篇分析和理解能力及准确语言表述能力。新类型的题目如76题考查学生对特定文体的写作特征的了解，78、79题考查搜索信息，解决问题及概括、重组信息的能力。‎ ‎（2011湖南卷）Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.‎ My First Long Run Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband .After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.‎ Our driveway has a slope(科技) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the lope, I decided to see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few moths ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.‎ After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense . To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of fresh air.‎ I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didn’t stop . I wanted to keep going harder, better, faster, stronger, To my great surprise, I ran ‎4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did some thing I thought I could never do.‎ It was the first run of my life. Since then, I have improved my stride(步幅) and time. After every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runner’s high. I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.‎ ‎81. Why did the author feel guilty?‎ ‎(NO more than 9 words) (2 marks)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎82. What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago?‎ ‎ (NO more than 11 words) (2 marks)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎83. What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop ?‎ ‎ (NO more than 9 words) (3 marks)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎84. how is running different from jogging to the author?‎ ‎(NO more than 14words) (3 marks)S ‎ ‎ ‎81. 【答案】She had a quarrel with her husband ‎【解析】feel guilty定位到首段第二行，回前文找到原因：I had a quarrel with my husband。 ‎ ‎ [1]It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week, and the current amount of reporting will undoubtedly increase further in years to come. This is certainly having an influence on the live sports events themselves, and there are both benefits and shortcomings to this.‎ ‎[2]Why has there been such growth in televised sport? For one thing, with digital ‎ broadcasting, there are now many more TV channels than there were even ten years ago. Moreover, sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.‎ ‎[3]When are the benefits of this state of affairs? One obvious advantage to the profession is the addition of money provided by television companies. Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries. Less popular sports also receive money that can be used in training and awareness-raising. What’s more, there is a health benefit to some of the population, because through televised sport, more people have become interested in actually playing sport.‎ ‎[4]However,____________________ if so much sport is on television. Considering football again, many small clubs have suffered financial losses recently, as they cannot compete with the large ones. There has been a general falling in ticket sales, especially among smaller clubs. Fewer people attend live matches nowadays, preferring to watch from the comfort of their living room. And ticket prices have risen greatly.‎ ‎[5]To sum up, while televised sport has created many opportunities and benefited certain people and clubs very much, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports events for ever.‎ ‎76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words)‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎77. Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph 2. ( no more than 3 words)‎ There has been a great increase in TV channels in the past few years with the help of_____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎78. Point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in Paragraph3. (no more than 3 words)‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎79. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎80. What does the word “it” (Line2, Paragraph5) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)‎ ‎76 文章主旨段在首段，而首段的主旨句也很明显在末段。就是电视体育的利弊。后文则是明显展开对利与弊的探讨。所以答案可以是the benefit and shortcomings of televised sport（原文照抄即可）‎ ‎77. 定位到第二段里面的TV，可以找到答案是digital broadcasting，直接照抄即可。‎ ‎78. 问的是第三段里除了金钱以外，电视转播还有什么好处。定位第三段，找到what’s more 就是另一点，找到a health benefit. 照抄即可 ‎79. 根据第一段主旨，文章主要讲的是电视转播体育的利与弊，第三段说的是利，第四段就该讲弊了。所以主要抓住首段的一个关键词shortcoming.参考答案there are some shortcomings.‎ ‎80. 考察代词题。It后面是also, 是并列关系。所以找到前一句话，为while televised sport,‎ 通过while和also得知是同一的词发出的动作，所以答案为televised sport。‎ ‎（2011天津卷）第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。‎ In college, Spring Break （春假）is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad.‎ The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy （识字）, homelessness and the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research.‎ The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word, the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens nd engage themselves in making a difference in society.‎ In the spring of 2006, about 36,000 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program.‎ Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and Dominican Republic. “I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience,” she said. “Every year, we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences.”‎ The Program began in 1991.Today, it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States.‎ ‎56.Who mat choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program?(No mare than 10 words)‎ ‎57 is the aim of the Program?(NO more than 15 words)‎ ‎58..What is the meaning of the underlined word "transformed" in Paragraph 5?(1 word)‎ ‎59..What is Samantha's attitude toward the Program?(No more than 10 words)‎ ‎60.f you take part in the Program, which project are you interested in? And why?(No more than 25 words)‎ ‎56、此类活动的参加者：第一段第二句话。‎ ‎57、活动的目的：第三段最后一句话。‎ ‎58、改变，第五段最后一句话CHANGE THEIR LIVES可以判断，这是前后呼应的写法。‎ ‎59、负责人的态度：第五段最后一句话 ‎60、开放性试题，如果你参加这个活动，你会选择做什么，为什么？可以结合所提到的扫盲、扶贫、环保调查展开论述。‎ ‎2010高考英语试题 ‎（2010高考山东卷）‎ 阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。‎ ‎[1]One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families ‎ who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways. ‎ ‎[2]Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company. ‎ ‎[3]During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are for their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. ‎ ‎[4]However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. ____________________ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering. ‎ ‎76. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words) ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?‎ By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2009高考英语试题 ‎(2009年普通高校招生统一考试山东卷英语)‎ 第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)‎ 阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.‎ Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.‎ Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.‎ One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.‎ On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.‎ But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.‎ After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.‎ But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.‎ As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.‎ Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart. ‎ ‎56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.‎ ‎(No more than 3 words)‎ ‎57. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? (No more than 10 words)‎ ‎58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words)‎ ‎59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words)‎ ‎60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)‎ 本文主要陈述了成年人懒于见面相互问好的这个社会问题。尤其是在城市里，由于生活节奏快，人们忙于工作，彼此之间也就少了一些温情，变得淡漠了。作者在文章中呼吁人们：露出笑脸，表达友情，使生活充满阳光。‎ ‎76.Adults are not willing to say hello.句子填空题。文章第一句话说：Hello. It’s one of the first words we learn as babies, yet it’s one of the last ones we ‎ think to use as adults.由此可知hello这个词是成年人学的最早的，却是最后想起来要使用的，由此得出以上结论。‎ ‎ (09·天津卷)‎ 第一节:阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)‎ 阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.‎ Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart(购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.‎ Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging(吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.‎ One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.‎ On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He ‎ couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.‎ But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.‎ After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.‎ But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的) customers.‎ As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.‎ Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart. ‎ ‎56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.‎ ‎(No more than 3 words)‎ ‎57. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? (No more than 10 words)‎ ‎58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words)‎ ‎59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words)‎ ‎60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)‎ 段的第二句。需要注意阅读当中的基本技巧：but后为重点。‎ ‎（4）Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts. He wanted his carts to be a great success. 定位在第七段第二句。‎ ‎（5）He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. / He was smart but he shouldn’t have used tricks to attract customers.‎ He was a smart business man. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers. 该题是主旨大意题。注意该题是两问，所以答案也应该包括两个方面——对Glodman的评价和原因。‎