北京市密云区2014高考英语阅读理解系列训练16及答案 9页

密云区2019高考英语阅读理解系列训练（16）及答案 细节理解 语意转换法 ‎◆ 技巧点拨 高考试题中的细节理解题大多通过语句的同义或反义转换考查学生对英语语言的理解能力。解题时要特别注意下列几点：‎ ‎1．考生可先看试题，再带着问题到阅读材料中寻找正确答案，加强解题的针对性。‎ ‎2．如果问题中有not，except，least，never等词时，要特别留意，不要漏看这些词或理解错误而误选答案。[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎3．问到what，who，when，which，where，according to the author等具体细节时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为据，而不要凭自己的经验或观点去选择答案。[来源:学§科§网]‎ ‎◆ 活学活用 ‎ 阅读下列短文，按要求完成读写任务 ‎(2019年山东卷)Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of overconsumption in the greenest way possible，but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.‎ The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 2019 and 2019.It now makes up a third of a typical household's waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.‎ Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK，for example，is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem，too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However，a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.‎ But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary.‎ There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle，we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.‎ Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30词左右的摘要 ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案 ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “overconsumption” refer to?‎ A．Using too much packaging.‎ B．Recycling too many wastes.‎ C．Making more products than necessary.‎ D．Having more material than is needed.‎ ‎2．The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ________.[来源:1]‎ A．the tendency of cutting household waste B．the increase of packaging recycling C．the rapid growth of super markets D．the fact of packaging overuse ‎3．According to the text，recycling ________.‎ A．helps control the greenhouse effect B．means burning packaging for energy C．is the solution to gas shortage D．leads to a waste of land ‎4．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?‎ A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality.‎ B．Supermarkets care more about packaging.‎ C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging.‎ D．Other products are better packaged than food.‎ ‎5．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．Fighting wastefulness is difficult.‎ B．Needless material is mostly recycled.‎ C．People like collecting recyclable waste.‎ D．The author is proud of their consumer culture.‎ 参考答案[来源:1]‎ Recycling is one way to help environment，but what's most important is that we don't overconsume or pay too much attention to packaging when we are shopping.(27 words)‎ ‎1．解析：从前句的being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need知道我们是在 “过度消费”或“过量消费”。‎ 答案：D ‎2．解析：increased by 12% between 2019 and 2019说明包装盒的消费量增长迅速，由此可知答案。‎ 答案：D ‎3．解析：从Recycling helps可知答案。‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：人们习惯了把包装与产品质量联系起来，意为包装不好的东西就意味着品质不好。‎ 答案：C ‎5．解析：从最后一句We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb可知答案。‎ 答案：A ‎**********************************************结束 When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate(照亮) me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.‎ When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious”about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say:“Let’s start with a train whistle today.” We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changed into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped.‎ When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend. He was in despair（失望） and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if ‎ we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.‎ For almost four years I have had a remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments. I often think:“Yes, I must tell…”We have never met.‎ It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist(心理学家), who will only fill up the healing(愈合的) silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.‎ ‎66. In the eighth grade, what the author did before developing proper social behavior was to ______.[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]‎ ‎ A. become serious about her study B. go to her friend’s house regularly ‎ C. learn from her classmates at school D. share poems and stories with her friend ‎67.In Paragraph 3,“We game London to each other”probably means__________.‎ ‎ A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us ‎ B. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from ‎London ‎ C. our unpleasant feelings about London disappeared [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ D. we parted with each other in ‎London ‎68. According to Paragraph 4, the author and her friend_______.‎ ‎ A. call each other regularly B. have similar personalities ‎ C. enjoy writing to each other D. dream of meeting each other[来源:学。科。网]‎ ‎69. In the darkest moments, the author would prefer to_____.‎ ‎ A. seek professional help B. be left alone ‎ C. stay with her best friend D. break the silence ‎70. What is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Unforgettable Experiences B. Remarkable Imagination ‎ C. Lifelong Friendship D. Noble Companions 参考答案 3.66-70DACBD ‎***********************************************************结束 ‎ [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place ‎ Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, on-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word“diet”everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and Physically（身体上）.‎ Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and so straight for the scale（秤）instead. Al we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word“diet”in food labels.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.‎ The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients（营养成分），Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.‎ Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.‎ ‎71. From Paragraph 1,we learn that .‎ A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential ‎ A. B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products C. diet products are misleading people ‎ D. people are fed up with diet products ‎72. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to .‎ A. try out a variety of diet foods B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods[来源:1ZXXK]‎ C. pay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their diet ‎73.In Paragraph 3,“gain comes without pain”probably means .‎ A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight ‎ C. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from calories ‎74. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products .‎ A. are over-consumed B. lack basic nutrients C. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy ‎75. Which of the following show the structure of the passage?‎ CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C：Conclusion[来源:学_科_网]‎ 参考答案 4.71-75CDABB ‎******************************************************结束 Hans was an honest fellow with a funny round good-humored face. Living alone, every day he worked in his garden. In all the countryside there was no garden so lovely as his. All sorts of flowers grew there, blooming in their proper order as the months went by, one flower taking another flower’s place, so that there were always beautiful things to see, and pleasant odors to smell.‎ ‎ Hans had many friends, the most devoted being the Miller. So devoted was the rich Miller to Hans that he’d never go by his garden without plucking a large bunch of flowers or a handful of sweet herbs, or filling his pockets with fruits. The Miller used to talk about noble ideas, and Hans nodded and smiled, feeling proud of having such a friend. ‎ ‎ The neighbors thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave Hans anything in return, though he had hundreds of sacks of flour, many cows and sheep, but Hans never troubled his head about these, and nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things about the unselfishness of true friendship. [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎ In spring, summer, and autumn Hans was very happy, but when winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to sell, he suffered from cold and hunger. Though extremely lonely, the Miller ‎ never came to see him then. ‎ ‎ “There’s no good in going to see Hans while the snow lasts.” The Miller said to his wife, “When people are in trouble they shouldn’t be bothered. So I’ll wait till the spring comes when he’s happy to give me flowers.”‎ ‎ “You’re certainly very thoughtful,” answered his wife, “It’s quite a treat to hear you talk about friendship.”‎ ‎ “Couldn’t we ask Hans up here?” said their son. “I’ll give him half my meal, and show him my white rabbits.” ‎ ‎ “How silly you are!” cried the Miller. “I really don’t know what’s the use of sending you to school. If Hans came up here, and saw our warm fire, our good supper, and our red wine, he might get envious, and envy is a most terrible thing, and would spoil anybody’s nature. I am his best friend, and I’ll always watch over him, and see that he’s not led into any temptation. Besides, if Hans came here, he might ask me for some flour. Flour is one thing, and friendship is another, and they shouldn’t be confused. The words are spelt differently, and mean quite different things. Everybody can see that.” He looked seriously at his son, who felt so ashamed that he hung his head down, and grew quite scared, and began to cry into his tea. ‎ ‎ Spring coming, the Miller went down to see Hans. Again he talked about friendship. “Hans, friendship never forgets. I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life. See, how lovely your roses are!”‎ ‎ Hans said he wanted to sell them in the market to buy back his things which were sold during the hard time of the winter. ‎ ‎ “I’ll give you many good things. I think being generous is the base of friendship.” said the Miller. “And now, as I’ll give you many good things, I’m sure you’d like to give me some flowers in return. Here’s the basket, and fill it quite full.”‎ ‎ Poor Hans was afraid to say anything. He ran and plucked all his pretty roses, and filled the Miller’s basket, imagining the many good things promised by the Miller. ‎ ‎ The next day he heard the Miller calling: “Hans, would you mind carrying this sack of flour for me to market?”‎ ‎ “I’m sorry, but I am really very busy today.”‎ ‎ “Well,” said the Miller, “considering that I’m going to give you my things, it’s rather unfriendly ‎ of you to refuse. Upon my word, you mustn’t mind my speaking quite plainly to you.”‎ ‎ Poor Hans was driven by his friendship theory to work hard for his best friend, leaving his garden dry and wasted.‎ ‎ One evening Hans was sitting by fire when the Miller came. ‎ ‎ “Hans,” cried the Miller, “My little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself, and I’m going for the Doctor. But he lives so far away, and it’s such a bad windy night. It has just occurred to me that you can go instead of me. You know I’m going to give you my good things, so you should do something for me in return.”‎ ‎ “Certainly,” cried Hans. He struggled into the stormy night, and got the doctor to ride a horse to the Miller’s house in time to save the boy. However, Hans got lost in the darkness, and wandered off into a deep pool, drowned.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎ At Hans’ funeral, the Miller said, “I was his best friend. I should walk at the head of the procession.” Every now and then he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief. ‎ ‎16. “Flour is one thing, and friendship is another” can be understood as ___________. [来源:Z*xx*k.Com]‎ ‎ A. “Different words may mean quite different things.”‎ ‎ B. “Interest is permanent while friendship is flexible.”‎ ‎ C. “I’m afraid you don’t understand the poetry of life.”‎ D. “I think being generous is the base of friendship.”‎ ‎17. From the passage, we can learn that Hans ___________. ‎ ‎ A. was extremely wise and noble B. was highly valued by the Miller ‎ C. admired the Miller very much D. had a strong desire for fortune [来源:学#科#网]‎ ‎18. The author described the Miller’s behavior in order to ___________. ‎ ‎ A. warn the readers about the danger of a false friend ‎ ‎ B. show the friendship between Hans and the Miller ‎ C. entertain the readers with an incredible joking tale D. persuade people to be as intelligent as the Mille ‎19. What’s the main cause of Hans’ tragedy?‎ ‎ A. True friendship between them. B. A lack of formal education. ‎ ‎ C. A sudden change of weather. D. Blind devotion to a friend. ‎ ‎20. From the Miller’s talk at home, we can see he was ___________. ‎ ‎ A. serious but kind B. selfish and cold-hearted C. caring but strict D. helpful and generous 参考答案 16-20:BCADB ‎************************************************************结束