高考英语备考策略指南读写 11页

‎2017年高考英语备考策略指南-读写 第一部分 书面表达备考高分探究 写作基础 ‎1．写好六种基本句型，确保写对简单句 ‎2．掌握四种并列关系，写好用好并列句 ‎3. 熟悉三大复合句式，恰当运用高级句型 ‎4. 巧用非谓特殊结构，实现词汇句式升级 第一章 词汇篇 第一节 词汇记忆 I.翻译下列句子，注意黑体字的含义 ‎1. The junior clerk was alarmed when his wife Claire declared their divorce. He was feeling even awful when the staff knew it and rang him up with sympathy. ‎ ‎ 2. Claire had a strong desire to live alone. She thought she had talent to make everything in her house look elegant, including bedding, cushions, armchairs or any other household things. She also managed to make her overweight body slim.‎ ‎3. Accompanied by a pile of books, which contained some absurd fiction, she felt satisfaction with her life. Sometimes she put on her apron to prepare cuisine in the kitchen. Sometimes she wore a necklace, painted her fingernails, and changed her makeup and haircut.‎ ‎ 4. One day, she came to the bank counter, and set aside some money in her bank account, hoping to get a bonus. Besides, she had the favour to find a part-time job. Meanwhile, she taught herself biochemistry and obtained a master's degree, and then a PhD.‎ ‎5. Someone once scanned a chapter of her biography, and discovered that she had an affair with a young man (actually a robot). So her neighbors began to envy her and leave her alone. She felt hurt in her affections.‎ ‎6. Their marriage was bound to be a success after being tested out for three months in all. The young man arrived home, turned around to open the mailbox and found a letter from his wife Claire. After careful thinking, he picked up the receiver and phoned her. He promised to obey her from then on. ‎ II．翻译下短文，注意黑体字含义 Happy Marriage Needs Fighting For ‎ As a talented navy officer, he was bound to be busy. When his wife rang him up to declare her divorce alarm, he was still scanning a digital counter to check the data so as to give an assessment of the theoretical framework for a biochemical weapon. His junior staff’s sympathy made him feel embarrassed. ‎ His wife was a part-time clerk. With his high bonus, she lived in a grand house with elegant cushions and bedding. Her favour was reading stars’ biographies or absurd fictions with endless chapters in her armchair. People envied her leisure life very much. But in fact, she was tired of being left alone. She sent emails to his mailbox every week to state her thinking and ask for his accompaniment, but never received reply of satisfaction. Tired of his explanation that he must obey the orders, she filed for divorce.‎ Because he desired to get their holy affection back, he set other affairs aside. He trimmed his fingernails short and changed his overweight figure as well as his awful haircut. He wore an apron to prepare delicious cuisine for her. He also bought her a necklace and piles of flowers hoping that their receiver could turn around.‎ ‎ After being tested out for 3 months in all, he eventually succeeded. ‎ 第二节 词汇训练 I．根据所给词含义完成句子，注意词形变化。‎ ‎1. On __________ (由于) of what you said, I am determined to go abroad to ___________(完成) my further study.‎ ‎2. It is very difficult to get a(n) _____________ (准确的) answer.‎ ‎3. _____________(据) today’s weather report, there will be a thunderstorm in the evening . ‎ ‎4. I didn’t break the vase on purpose, Mum, it was an _________ (意外). ‎ ‎5. He is _____(能够) to run the company very well. His ________(能力) is beyond me. ‎ ‎6.I was ___________ (指责) stealing her money , but in fact it was the other way around .‎ ‎7. You will ____________ (一事无成) if you don’t put your heart into your study.‎ ‎8. What you did is ____________ (令人钦佩的) and we __________（羡慕）your _____________ (成就).‎ ‎9. Effective ______（措施）should be taken to _______ (适应) ourselves to the new surroundings.‎ ‎10. Tom takes an _____________(积极) part in class _______________(活动).‎ II．词形转换练习训练 ‎( 1 ) 重要，重要的 1. Anybody can see the _________ of good health. 2. It is __________ to see that the brakes on your bicycle work properly. 3. More __________, the teacher should make the total meaning of the dialogue clear to the students before having them repeat it. ( 2 ) 发明，创造 1. Necessity is the mother of __________. 2. He __________ a story to explain why he was late. 3. It was absolutely new method __________ by himself. ( 3 ) 兴趣，使发生兴趣，有趣的，引起兴趣的 1. Geology __________ him. 2. He’s a most __________ man. 3. He did not seem at all __________ in the subject. 4. I will be most __________ to hear your personal views on the station there. 5. Local color added __________ to the novel. ( 4 ) 善良，好心，仁慈，和蔼 1. I want to thank you for your __________ to me. 2. The policeman treated the lost child __________. 3. Taking a blind man across the street is a __________ act. 4. Will you be so __________ as to answer a few questions? ( 5 ) 迟，晚；后来，最近，最新 1. I was __________ getting up this morning. 2. Tom came to school __________ and missed the first lesson. 3. Nine months __________, they were divorced. 4. They have equipped the office with the ___________ business machines. 5. What have you been doing ___________. 第三节 词汇应用 I．写作词汇 名 词 普通词汇 高级词汇 普通词汇 高级词汇 chance opportunity choice alternative idea people result effect 动 词 have possess replace substitute bear understand develop consider 形 容 词 enough adequate rich abundant proper important interesting difficult 副词 finally eventually hardly barely immediately nowadays 连词 so and II．阅读词汇 In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家) were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It sill remains one of his most famous works. （ 山东高考阅读理解 ）‎ III．听力词汇 • ‎-- We can choose a reasonable place just to get a bite to eat . It is my treat today.‎ • ‎--Oh, no thanks . I won’t feel good . We can go Dutch .‎ IV．完型词汇 ‎(2016·全国Ⅲ完型填空选项词汇)‎ • ‎1．A. cheering for B．beating out C．relying on D．staying with • ‎2．A. coach B．student C．teacher D．player • ‎3．A. practice B．show C．comfort D．pleasure • ‎4．A. school B．vacation C．hospital D．training • ‎5．A. pale B．calm C．relaxed D．ashamed • ‎6．A. held B．broke C．set D．tried • ‎7．A. reported B．Judged C．organized D．watched • ‎8．A. and B．then C．but D．thus • ‎9．A. decision B．mistake C．accident D．sacrifice • ‎10．A. stuck B．hurt C．tried D．lost • ‎11．A. steady B．hard C．fun D．fit • ‎12．A. praise B．advice C．assistance D．apology • ‎13．A. let B．helped C．had D．noticed • ‎14．A. dropped B．ready C．trapped D．safe • ‎15．A. fine B．wrong C．quickly D．normally • ‎16．A. us B．yourself C．me D．them • ‎17．A. memories B．ideas C．attitudes D．dreams • ‎18．A .still B．also C．yet D．just • ‎19．A. challenged B．cured C．invited D．admired • ‎20．A. healthier B．bigger C．cleverer D．cooler V． 语法词汇 ‎1. 名词复数 ‎ monkey ---- (复数)_______ ; roof ---(复数)________ ; progress --- (复数) _____.‎ 2. 动词三单/过去式/过去分词/现在分词 write –(过去分词) ______; prefer—(过去式)_______; destroy—(过去式)_____.‎ 3. 形容词副词转换/比较级、最高级 ‎ possible—(副词)______; true –(副词) _____; clever – (比较级、最高级) ______.‎ 4. 词性转换 prepare—(名词) ________; explain –(名词) ______; access ---(形容词)__________.‎ VI. 固定搭配 ‎ March 25th , Tuesday cloudy ‎ I watch TV until nearly 12 o’clock last night , so I couldn’t go over my lessons. This morning I got up very late that I had to hurry school without breakfast. Yet I was late for the first class . When I entered into the classroom , the maths teacher had to stop explaining an important problem, and all the eyes fixed upon me . My face turned red . Something even bad happened to me in the English class . The teacher asked me to recite the text , but I could talk nothing but sorry, because I did not spend any times preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me coldly. I stood at my bench , not dare to raise my head . What a terrible day I had ! I will never do something like this again. ‎ 第二章 句法篇 第一节句子结构 ‎1. 句子结构与成分 ‎ A．主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 ‎（n/ pron） (v) (n/pron)‎ B. (定语) 主语 + （状语） 谓语 + (定语) 宾语 ‎ （adj） (adv) （adj）‎ C． (状语) 主语（定语） + 谓语 + 宾语 (定语) (状语)‎ ‎ （状从/非谓语）（定从/非谓语） （定从/非谓语） （状从/非谓语）‎ 训练1 分析下列句子成分 A—B级：‎ ‎. 1. The old man lives a lonely life. ‎ ‎2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.‎ ‎3.We will make our school more beautiful.‎ ‎4. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.‎ ‎5. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.‎ ‎6. At last he got home, tired and hungry. ‎ C级 ‎1. Trees turn green when spring comes.‎ ‎2. Go back where you came from. 3. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．‎ ‎4. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．‎ ‎5. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must complete it this month.‎ ‎6. We must do whatever the people want us to do.‎ 第二节. 句法中的逻辑关系 ‎ A．并列符合句 ‎ • ‎（and , but , or , otherwise , so , either…or , neither… nor , not only … but also） ‎ ‎ B. 九大状语从句 ‎ ‎（时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、目的、结果、比较等）‎ 状语从句 连词 时间 ‎ when, whenever, as, while, (ever) since, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., scarcely ... when ..., each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately 地点 where, wherever 条件 if, unless, providing/provided (that), supposing/suppose (that), given (that), as long as, so long as, on condition (that), in case, only if 原因 because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that 让步 though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter＋疑问词， whether ... or ..., whether ... or not 比较 as, than, the same as, not so ... as ..., as ... as ...‎ 方式 as if, as though, as 目的 ‎ in order that, so that, in case, for fear (that), lest 结果 ‎ so ... that ..., such ... that ..., ‎ ‎ C．连接词汇 ‎ ‎(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；‎ ‎(2)平列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another，finally, last but not least, above all, all in all, to sum up, in summary等；‎ ‎(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等； ‎ ‎(4)对比关系：but, while, however, just as, on the contrary ，in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等；‎ ‎(5)层递关系：besides, also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，what's more，what’s  worse ‎（6）因果关系：so, therefore, as a result, in this way等 ‎ 第三节. “高大尚”的结构让句子靓起来！‎ I.如何使用较高级的语法结构 ‎1．使用复合句把两个以上的简单句连接起来，使句子变得简洁、紧凑。‎ The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.‎ ‎→_______________________________________________.‎ ‎2．为了达到简洁的目的，我们常常用短语来代替句子。这其中包括：‎ ‎(1)不定式短语 You are so kind that you help me.‎ ‎→_________________________.‎ ‎(2)过去分词短语 The teacher walked out of the lab and some students followed him.‎ ‎→____________________________________________.‎ ‎(3)现在分词和动名词短语 If you stand here, you can see it clearly.‎ ‎→______________________________.‎ ‎(4)with复合结构 The teacher walked out of the lab and some students followed him.‎ ‎→___________________________________________________.‎ ‎(5) 独立主格结构 If the weather permits，I’ll come tomorrow.‎ ‎→___________________________________.‎ ‎3．选择别人少用的句式或结构将会使你的文章“不同凡响”。‎ ‎(1)倒装句 They are so grateful to their partners that they don’t know what to do.‎ ‎→______________________________________________________.‎ ‎(2)强调句 What he said at the meeting surprised everybody.‎ ‎→____________________________________.‎ ‎(3)虚拟语气 If I were a leader/Were I a leader, I would listen to citizens.‎ But for your help/If it had not been for your help，I would have suffered a lot in the snow.‎ ‎4．为了使句子表达生动，可使用感叹句.‎ He has made great progress in recent years.‎ ‎→_________________________________!‎ II 写作句式升级：‎ 草根版： As for how to choose a friend, I’d like to choose kind and honest people because they will offer me help when we are in trouble. Besides, we should make friends with people who share the same interest as us.‎ 学霸版：It goes without saying that choosing a good friend is of vital importance. To begin with, it is the honest and kind friends that we should make acquaintance of, benefiting both of our characters. What’s more, choose trustworthy friends whom you know you can turn to in time of trouble.‎ 写作训练 ‎1. 简单句式：The small village faces a river on the east and is surrounded by mountains.‎ ‎ 升级句式：________ by mountains，the small village faces a river on the east.‎ ‎ ______ a river on the east，the small village is surrounded by mountains.‎ 添枝加叶：Surrounded by towering（高耸的，巍峨的）mountains on three sides, the small but _________(平静的) village，which has a history of 100 years，faces a clear river on the east.‎ ‎2. 简单句式：Nowadays, people have many different ways of shopping. Shopping during their traveling abroad is one of the choices.‎ 升级句式：Nowadays, shopping ways ___ (various) in people’s daily life, ___ ___ going shopping during their traveling abroad ___(被认为是) an essential choice.‎ 添枝加叶：________(随着人们的生活水平不断提高), their shopping ways also see some great changes __ going shopping during the trip abroad __(occupy) an important position in their choices.‎ 第三章书面表达篇 第一节 书面 书写规范、格式正确, 标点使用正确 1. 规范英文字母书写 2. 将26个英文字母按所占格分类 a,c,e,i,m,n,o,r,s, t,u,v,w,x,z (中间格)‎ ‎ b,d,h,k,l (上两格) g,j,p,q,y (下两格) f(满格) ‎ ‎3.找准参照物，倾斜15度，一律向左看齐 第二节 表达 I.英语作文评分细则对比表 档次 规定任务 覆盖 内容要点 语法 结构、词汇 复杂结构、‎ 高级词汇 连接成分 与结构 写作目 完成情况 第五档 ‎（21—25分）‎ 完全完成 覆盖所有 应用较多 尽力使用（语法结构或词汇有些许错误）‎ 有效使用连接，全文结构紧凑 完全达到 第四档 ‎（16—20分）‎ 较完全完成 覆盖所有，漏掉有一两个次要点 满足任务要求 语法结构或词汇方面基本准确，些许错误是尝试复杂结构和高级词汇所致 简单使用连接 全文结构紧凑 达到 • 附：如果书写书面较差，将作文降一个档次。 ‎ II写作步骤:‎ • ‎1. 审 ---- 2. 列------ 3. 造----- 4. 连 ----- 5. 改 -----6. 抄！‎ 第三节 写作备考 I. 近三年高考全国卷书面表达 年份 文体 写作内容 题型 ‎2016·全国Ⅰ 书信 请外教Ms.Jenkins帮忙修改申请书和个人简历 要点提示 ‎2016·全国Ⅱ 书信 学校举行摄影展，请Peter提供作品 要点提示 ‎2016·全国Ⅲ 邮件 因故不能赴约，写邮件向Bob道歉 要点提示 ‎2015·全国Ⅰ 书信 约稿信，介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活 要点提示 ‎2015·全国Ⅱ 邮件 邀请外教露西一同去敬老院，陪老人们过重阳节 要点提示 ‎2014·全国Ⅰ 书信 给英国的一所学校写一封信询问有关情况 图表提示 ‎2014·全国Ⅱ 记叙文 想象“十年后的我”是什么样子 要点提示 II.高考全国卷英语书面表达的特点如下：‎ ‎1．体裁稳定，应用文占据主导地位；‎ ‎2．写作话题与考生日常生活密切相关；‎ ‎3．突出考查考生在真实的情景中实际运用语言的能力；‎ ‎4．试题给予考生自由发挥的空间。‎ III.书面表达高分要求：‎ 内容 ：‎ ‎1.要点齐全 （不能漏掉重要信息）；‎ ‎2.句子完整（如：句子是否缺损或冗杂）；‎ ‎3.语法使用（如： 冠词， 单复数， 主谓搭配）‎ ‎4.亮点呈现（高级词汇、正确短语和复杂句式)。‎ 形式 ：‎ ‎1.标点使用要准确；‎ ‎2.必要的地方是否使用大写字母（如：句首、 专有名词）；‎ ‎3.段落开头格式（平头式或缩头式）；‎ ‎4.卷面整洁，字母大小一致。‎ IV．写作应用文建议：书信类作文，是高考题的经典考法，也是未来出题的一种趋势。因此，在平时的英语学学中，我们要做好写作题的训练，尤其是八大书信：申请信，邀请信，求职信，推荐信，慰问信，感谢信，道歉信，等。要训练学生的审题能力，准确把握写作类型，使用正确的时态人称，还要注意书写的规范和工整。‎ 第二部分 阅读理解 ‎ 第一章 长难句 第一节 阅读理解长难句分析 ‎1、找谓语，定主语 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans , he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment – although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national ‎ policy on human cloning .‎ ‎2、提主干，去枝叶 ‎ First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man ‎ in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.‎ ‎ 3. 寻关联，辨逻辑 ‎ We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.‎ 第二节 高考英语阅读理解长难句命题 ‎ 第二章 高考阅读理解命题分析 第一节 高考阅读理解易错点分析 第二节 高考英语阅读限时阅读技巧 第一步：略读（skimming）文章定主旨, 快速掌握文章大意是解题的前提。‎ 如何找主题句 ‎1.应用文主题句速读文首、文尾和小标题。‎ ‎2. 记叙文作者在首段发表议论或感慨，主旨在文首；作者在文尾发表感慨、感悟或议论，主旨在文尾。‎ ‎3新闻报道主题句就是导语，即文章的首句 ‎4.说明文主题句明显，通常在文首。（总分、分总、总分总结构）‎ ‎5. 议论文主题句在文首，有的在文尾，也有首尾呼应 ‎6. 有的议论文或说明文，作者首先描述一种现象或讲述一个故事，为将要说明的事或表达某人观点打下铺垫或提供背景，然后用承上启下的句子来点明文章要阐述的观点或主题，然后再进一步展开。主题句出现在文章的中部。‎ 第二步：扫读题干关键词。最好找到选项间的共性。关键词常为名词。‎ 第三步：浏览（scanning）原文定位做标记。标记：关键词、转折词 ‎ 注意：定位准确，不出段。（定位句有三句，即关键词所在句，及其前后两句。但关键词所在句若在本段首句或尾句，则本段要通看，通常此段不长）‎ 第四步：比较选项做排除。‎ 注意：正确选项通常是答案句的改写；干扰选项对信息的曲解或无中生有。‎ 第五步：将所选答案选项与文章中心作对比，符合文章主旨的为正确，反之要重新考虑。‎ 第六步：每套真题至少做3遍。‎ 第一遍：按常规方式做题。‎ 第二遍：看答案。注意，只是划出做错了的题目，不要写正确答案。划完后，马上合起答案，再次回到原文仔细定位，争取把正确答案找出来，等做到自己感觉都是对的时候再翻答案。这一次看你第二遍改的答案对不对。如果不对怎么办？看解题思路，更正答案。看答案所给的关键句在哪里，仔细揣摩，自己是否能得出那个答 案。‎ 第三遍：看关系。看错误选项与正确选项之间的关系；看错误选项与题干之间的关系；看正确选项与题干之间的关系，‎ 总结：1.命题者通常会在什么地方出题？2.命题者正确选项有哪些特征？‎ ‎3. 命题者通常会以何种方式“暗算”？‎ ‎ 第三节：常见命题方式解题技巧 题型一：细节题 I． 2016年高考英语阅读理解难点分析 题干表述隐蔽，选项的命制有难度，除同义(词)句、近义(词)句重在采用了归纳概括的方式，注重考查学生对语言形式和意义的理解。‎ 高考实例1 . (2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A节选) ‎ Jane Addams (18601935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ ‎21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? 题干表述隐蔽， 选项特征为同义替换 A．Her social work. ‎ B．Her teaching skills.‎ C．Her efforts to win a prize.‎ D．Her community background.‎ 高考实例2 . (2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A节选) ‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ ‎22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm? 选项特征为语言简化。‎ A．Her lack of proper training in law.‎ B．Her little work experience in court.‎ C．The discrimination against women. ‎ D．The poor financial conditions.‎ 例3 .(2016全国I卷B篇节选) 提炼、归纳 Grandparents Answer a Call As a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ ‎25．Why was Garza’s move a success? (正确选项含义相同)‎ A．It strengthened her family ties.‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her to make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ 高考实例4 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选)‎ Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding — undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism — if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ ‎13．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? (正确选项)同义替换.‎ A．They were made last week.‎ B．They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C．They were found by a cameraman.‎ D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ 题型2. 推理判断题 例1 （2016全国I卷C篇节选）：‎ Moving is not for everyone . Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices , but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard , especially knowing your adult child is struggling , but giving up the life you know may be harder .‎ ‎28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph ? (选项表述隐蔽)‎ A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own. .‎ ‎ B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.‎ C. Sacrifice for their struggling children. ‎ D. Get to know themselves better.‎ 例2 .(2016全国I卷A篇节选) 提炼、归纳 You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ ‎▲Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize...‎ ‎▲ If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today...‎ ‎▲ When Sandra Day O’Connor...She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.‎ ‎▲ But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.‎ ‎24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? (正确选项提炼、归纳)‎ A．They are highly educated. B．They are truly creative. C．They are pioneers. D．They are peacelovers.‎ 例3 .(2016全国I卷B篇节选) 提炼、归纳 No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com,83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎26．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision? (正确选项含义相同)‎ A．17% expressed their support for it. B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence. D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ 例4 .(2016全国I卷D篇节选) 提炼、归纳 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.‎ ‎32．What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culturespecific. D．It is contentbased.‎ 题型3 主旨大意题 ‎1 . 段落大意题 例1. (2016·浙江高考阅读C节选) ‎ Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”‎ ‎53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.‎ B．Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.‎ C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.‎ D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.‎ ‎2.中心大意题 例1 (2015·天津高考阅读B节选) ‎ Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.‎ While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.‎ The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.‎ Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. ‎ Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company's “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.‎ The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.‎ ‎45．What does the passage mainly present? 涵盖性强，覆盖全文 A．A new design idea of household robots.‎ B．Marketing strategies for social robots.‎ C．Information on household robots.‎ D．An introduction to social robots. ‎