高中高考英语练习之动词时态和语态 9页

‎2010高考二轮复习英语学案 专题六 动词时态和语态 ‎【典例精析】1.（2008全国I卷，27） —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?‎ ‎—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society.‎ A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined ‎【解析】D句意：—你认识Dr. Jackson好久时间了吗? —是的，自从她加入汉语协会我就认识她。Since 自从......以来，引导时间状语从句，强调过去认识时的时间，第一句话所用的现在完成时是判断该句子时态的重要依据。‎ ‎2.（2008辽宁卷,23）We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years.‎ A. knew B. have known C. have known D. know ‎【解析】C句意：在2000年我们第一次在火车上相遇。我俩同时立刻赶到彼此认识多年了。根据题干第二句可知主句为过去时，而that 引导的宾语从句的谓语动词又发生在主句动词之前，即为过去的过去，故用过去完成时来表示。‎ ‎3.（2008天津卷，14） He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.‎ ‎ A. was playing B. played C. has played D. had played ‎【解析】D句意：他年轻的时候踢了多年的足球。句中的when he was young是表示过去的时间状语。题干中没有强调在过去的某个时间段正在发生某事，故排除A项；句中也没有信息词强调对现在造成的影响或与现在的联系，故排除C项；句中也没有以过去的某个时间点或动作点作为参照，故排除D项。‎ ‎4.（09北京）27. The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.‎ A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated ‎【解析】B考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。‎ ‎5.（09天津）2. My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.‎ A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live ‎【解析】A考查时态。后句意思“他们出生在香港，从来没有去过别的地方”，由此可知前句“一直在香港住”，时态用一般现在时，说明事实，故选A。 ‎ ‎6.（09福建）6 -Why does the Lake smell terrible? ‎ ‎-Because large quantities of water . ‎ A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted ‎【解析】D考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选D。‎ ‎7.（09福建）7. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays. ‎ A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes ‎ ‎【解析】D考查动词时态。题干是陈述一个客观真理，用一般现在时，选D。‎ ‎8.（09湖南）8．Would you please keep silent? The weather report and _________I want to listen.‎ A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast ‎【解析】B考查时态和语态。句意为：请保持安静行吗? 我想听正在广播的天气报告。说话间正在发生的动作，应用进行时同时表示被动含义。故选B。‎ 9（09湖南）9.— The food here is nice enough.‎ ‎— My friend ______ me a right place.‎ A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing ‎【解析】B考查时态的用法。句意为：——这里的食物不错。——我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。‎ ‎10.（09江西）10. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport ________ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. ‎ A. is B. are C. will be D. were ‎ ‎【解析】A本题考查时态的用法。根据at present =now 可知，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎11.（09江西）11. ------- What is the price of petrol these days ‎ ‎-------Oh, it ______ sharply since last month. ‎ A. is raised B. has risen C. has arisen D. is increased ‎ ‎【解析】B本题考查时态的用法。 根据since last month 可知应用现在完成时。‎ ‎12.（09江西）12. ---Do you want a lift home? ‎ ‎---It’s very kind of you, but I have a much late in the office. I overslept this morning because my morning clock _______. ‎ A. doesn’t go off B. won’t gone C. wasn’t going off D. didn’t go on ‎ ‎【解析】D本题考查时态的用法。根据I overslept this morning 可知应用一般过去时。‎ 13.（09海南）13. His sister left home in 1998, and since.‎ A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of ‎【解析】B句意为：他的妹妹在1998年离开家，自从那时就没有音讯了。用现在完成时的否定结构。‎ ‎14.（09海南）14. Edward, you play so well. But I you played the piano.‎ A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known ‎【解析】A句意为：爱德华,你打得好。但我不知道你弹钢琴。所谈论的是指过去行为，故用过去式。‎ ‎15.（09山东）15. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990. ‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎ ‎【解析】C本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。‎ ‎16.（09山东）16. I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______. ‎ A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened ‎ ‎【解析】B本题考查具体语境中的时态，后一句隐藏的时间状语是at the time.‎ ‎【专题突破】动词时态和语态做题技巧如下：‎ ‎1. 根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态 动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力。因此敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。‎ ‎2. 根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态 近年来的高考试题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它语法现象进行考查。 考生在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点：‎ ‎①在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。‎ ‎② 正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。‎ ‎③ 解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则: 如果主句动词为现在时态,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态，如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。‎ ‎3. 根据具体的语言环境选择时态 近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。考生要捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。‎ ‎1．So far this year we ____ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.‎ ‎ A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen ‎2．Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they ______ today. A．aren’t; are B．aren’t; were ‎ C．weren’t; are D．weren’t; were ‎ ‎3．They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _____ on it as no good results have come out so far. ‎ A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working 4．The country life he was used to _______ greatly since 1992.‎ ‎ A．change B．has changed C．changing D．have changed ‎5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year. ‎ ‎ A．is washing away B．is being washed away ‎ C．are washing away D．are being washed away ‎6．--________David and Vicky ________married?‎ ‎ --For about three years．‎ A．How long were；being B．How long have；got C．How long have；been D．How long did；get ‎7．When the old man _______ to walk back to his house, the sun ______ itself behind the mountain. ‎ A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid ‎8．If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.‎ A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing ‎9．They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ______ on it as no good results have come out so far. ‎ A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working ‎ C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working ‎10．As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _______ and see him. ‎ A．you will come B．will you come C．you come D．do you come ‎11．We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years.‎ A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know ‎12．I got caught in the rain and my suit____.‎ A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined ‎13． The hero’s story differently in the newspapers.‎ A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported ‎14．Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. ‎ A．had considered B．has been considering C．considered D．is going to consider ‎ 参考答案及解析 ‎1.【解析】D 根据时间状语so far可知道用现在完成时，故选D ‎2.【解析】C本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态，故淘汰B、D两项，又因为句子内容是在不同时期的continents的位置进行对比，因此，应选择C项。 ‎ ‎3.【解析】A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。‎ ‎4.【解析】B句中有since引导时间状语，这说明主句应为完成时，淘汰A、C。又因主语life为单数，淘汰D项，故选B。‎ ‎5.【解析】D句意为“随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲”。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词，其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。‎ ‎6.【解析】C 从答语For about three years判断，该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，排除B。be married表示已婚的状态，可以延续。‎ ‎7.【解析】A此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。 ‎ ‎8.【解析】A 在条件状语从句（if，as long as，even if）、时间状语从句（when，until，before，the moment…）中往往用一般现在时表示将来。 ‎ ‎9.【解析】A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。‎ ‎10.【解析】A本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据宾语从句应使用陈述语序，淘汰B、D两项，又因为宾语从句come和see发生的时间为将来的动作就直接选用将来时态。只有在状语从句中才可以用一般现在时表示将来的动作，而宾语从句中不可，因此淘汰C。‎ ‎11.【解析】C用过去完成时，有过去时间2000，表达过去的过去。‎ ‎12.【解析】C在句子的情景中,表示“淋雨造成的结果”。故选C 13.【解析】A句意为“那位英雄的故事与在报纸上报道的不一样”。根据句意可判断英雄的事迹被报道为过去的事，所以用过去时的某个语态，排除C项；B、D两项为主动语态，不符合题干要求。‎ ‎14.【解析】B 根据所提供的情景but she hasn’t decided yet 说明了Lucy还在考虑这件事，要用现在完成进行时，表示动作还在继续。‎ ‎【学法导航】考生在复习备考中要掌握基本、牢记特殊、分析结构、理解语境。综观近年来的高考单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。然而,英语时态多16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的高考在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题,这样无形中增加了试题的难度。其实，分析近几年的时态语态题，我们不难发现其命题的三个角度：一是直接给定时间状语，考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。考生应对的策略是：‎ ‎1.捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，如：haven’t said, was doing等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。‎ ‎2.要求考生解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：‎ ‎① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？‎ ‎② 这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？‎ ‎③ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？‎ 只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。‎ ‎【专题综合】1.The number of people, who have access to their own cars, ____sharply in the past decade．‎ A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen ‎2．一I like British culture very much，and I once went to London.‎ ‎ 一How long ______ there?‎ A.did you stay B．have you stayed C．were you staying D．had you stayed ‎3.If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it_____all day.‎ A．rained B．rains C．has rained D．is raining ‎4. This kind of cloth _______ well. I think it is worthy ________.‎ A. washes; buying B. is washed; buying ‎ C. washes; to be bought D. is washed; to be bought ‎5. I would have come earlier，but I ________that you were waiting．‎ A．didn’t know B．hadn’t known C．wouldn’t know D．haven’t know ‎6.—John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?‎ ‎ —No, I_____ a lecture in another city.‎ A．gave B．have given C．had given D．was giving ‎7. The professor, as well as his wife，______see a film tonight．‎ A．is B．is going to C．are going to D．have gone to ‎8.— How dangerous it was！‎ ‎—Yes，but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ____ . ‎ A．was drowned B．would have been drowned C． had drowned D．should be drowned ‎9. Every day the boy, together with his classmates, ______ to go to the playground and _____ football, ____ themselves.‎ A. are noticed; play; enjoying B. is noticed; plays; enjoying C. are noticed; plays; enjoys D. is noticed; play; enjoying ‎ ‎10. Next time you ____here，let’s have lunch together． ‎ A．will be B．are C．have been D．were ‎ ‎11. It seems water ______ from this tap for some time. We’ll have to take it apart to put it right.    ‎ ‎ A. had leaked   B. is leaking     C. leaked    D. has been leaking ‎12. —Don’t you feel surprised to see Bruce at the meeting? —Yes. I really didn’t think she ________ here.   ‎ ‎ A. has been     B. had been C. would be      D. would have been ‎13. Our team was ahead during the first half, but we ________ in the last ten minutes. A. had lost      B. would lose    C. were losing     D. lost ‎14. — Look! How long ________ like this?    —Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______ without stopping these days of the year. A. has it rained; pours        B. has it been raining;‎ ‎ pours C. is it raining; is pouring   D. does it rain; pours ‎15. —Can I help you, Madam?    — No, thanks. I_______. A. have just looked around      B. just look around C. just looked around     D. am just looking around ‎16. —I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?     — I _______ on leave in Europe. A. have been    B. am     C. was     D. had been 17. —Have you heard from Janet recently?    —No, but I ______ her over Christmas.  A. saw    B. will be seeing C. have seen  D. have been seeing ‎18. —Tom came back home the day before yesterday.     — Really? Where __________ at all? A. had he been      B. has he been C. had he gone  D. has he gone ‎19. ―What’s the matter? You look worried and restless.     ―Oh, nothing really serious. As a matter of fact, I ______ of my graduation thesis. I have to hand it in soon. A. am just thinking B. just thought C. have just thought D. was just thinking ‎20. ―Why? Where is the key to the sound lab?     ―Dear me! You _______ it in the taxi！ A. have never left B. never left C. haven’t left   D. didn’t leave 21. —What were you up to when she dropped in?     —I _________ for a while and __________ some reading.‎ A. was playing; was going to do    B. played; did C. had played; was going to do     D. had played; did ‎22. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _______ half of it. A. was missing     B. had missed      C. will miss     D. missed 参考答案及解析 ‎1.【解析】D in the past years通常和完成时连用，排除A 和B；由The number of people可知应用单数形式，因此排除C。‎ ‎2.【解析】A 又”and I once went to London” 可知是对过去事情的陈述，因此应用一般过去时，意思是：你那时在那呆了多长时间？‎ ‎3.【解析】A If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.此句是对过去事情的假设，但事实上下了一天雨，根据句意，最后一句应用一般过去时，表示对过去事实的陈述。‎ ‎4.【解析】C动词wash 一般用主动形式表示被动意义，排除B和 D两项；be worthy to do sth值得做某事，固定搭配，因此选C。‎ ‎5.【解析】A I would have come earlier这句是对过去事情的假设，后半句是对过去事情的陈述，强调刚才我不知道你们在等待，事实上现在已经知道了，因此应用一般过去时。‎ ‎6.【解析】D last week可知事情发生在过去，Did you go to their wedding? 是对过去事情的提问，回答也应用过去时，排除选项B。根据题意，强调上周John 和 Lucia结婚时我正在另外一个城市演讲，应用过去进行时，因此选D。‎ ‎7.【解析】B由tonight 这个时间状语可知应用一般将来时态，排除A D两项；根据主谓一致，这个句子的主语是The professor，谓语动词应用单数形式，因此答案为B。‎ ‎8.【解析】B句意：要不是过路者的迅速行动，那个女孩有可能会溺水。这是对过去事情的假设，应用虚拟语气，主句部分吧时态应用情态动词+ have done 这种形式，根据据以，应用被动语态，因此选B ‎9.【解析】D 这句话的主语是the boy, 因此第一个空应用单数形式，排除选项A 和C；play football和go to the playground为并列短语，跟在不定式to 的后面，因此排除B。‎ ‎10【解析】B 本题考查时态的用法。在时间、条件状语从句中，从句应用现在时表将来。Next time引导的是一个表示将来的时间状语从句，应用一般现在时的形式；have lunch together是一个表示一般将来的事情。‎ ‎11.【解析】D根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项A、C。由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项B，选D现在完成进行时。 12.【解析】C根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。‎ ‎13.【解析】D but前后两个半句应用相同时态，后半句是在说比赛结果，应用一般过去时lost。‎ ‎14.【解析】B问某种状态持续多长时间，应用现在完成进行时，而第二个空是指一般状态，故用一般现在时，选B。‎ ‎15.【解析】D此处用I am just looking around表示我只是正在随便看看，just可以和现在进行时连用，表示只是怎么怎么样。‎ ‎16.【解析】C 此题可能会误选A，前者说“我好几年未见你，去哪儿了？”可见他已经回来，因此他去欧洲的动作已发生过了，应用过去时来回答where have you been? A则是说我有去过欧洲的事实。‎ ‎17.【解析】B 第一句中用了have，而第二句回答No，所以说话人近来都没有Janet的消息，而A、C、D都表示有她的消息，所以只能选B，表示将来进行时。‎ ‎18.【解析】A come back是过去，而问句中的动作发生在came back之前，是过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时，而且Tom已经回来，所以要用been，而gone是去了还未回来。‎ ‎19.【解析】D考查动词的时态与语态。从会话可知，答话人是在解释他look worried and restless 的原因，因为他（刚才）是在思考毕业论文的事，这是说话前的那个时刻正在发生的事情。故应用过去进行时描写正在进行的动作。‎ ‎20.【解析】B 考查语境。答语“你千万别把它忘在出租车里！”表示吃惊。而“忘”这一动作应用一般过去时，但否定口气应用never。因为句子用的是感叹号，不应用D项。又如：You never left the key in the lock! （你总不会把钥匙留在锁孔里吧！）‎ ‎21.解析】C 由第一句可判断出第二句描述的事情发生在过去，for a while是相对于when she dropped in来说的when she dropped in，“我已经玩一会儿了”，因此该用过去完成时态．再看后一个动作，承接前面for a while，仍然在过去，had played for a while之后，因此应用过去将来时，表示过去那个时间将要发生的动作，故选C ‎22.【解析】D此题考查的是动词的时态。句意：（那时）我的注意力没有集中在他所说的内容，因此，恐怕有一半没听到。missed表示“（那时）没听到”。所以要用过去时态。‎ 选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 (按ctrl 点击打开)‎