青岛市2014高考英语阅读理解完形填空及阅读类训练4答案及解析 8页

青岛市2019高考英语阅读理解、完形填空及阅读类训练（4）（答案及解析）‎ Words：330　难度系数：★★★　建议用时：9分钟 Enter a typical high school, and the first thing you see is the front office, where the principal dwells and grades are stored.The front office also reinforces familiar hierarchy: principal at the top, teachers in the middle, kids on the bottom, sitting with hands folded at their desks.‎ Now, imagine a school where the organizational structure is completely flat.At the New Country School in Henderson‎, ‎Minn, there is no front office.Visitors are immediately embraced by an airy atrium that is the centerpiece of this oneroom schoolhouse.And all around the room, 124 students sit at desksreal office desksworking at their own personal computers on their own projects.‎ When Dee Thomas and her colleagues got together 15 years ago to design a new high school，they knew there was one thing that had to do：The bell.“You don’t go into your job in the morning and say，OK，for the first 45 minutes of my job，I’m going to do the math part.’And then a buzzer goes off，and you do the social history part of your job.You don’t do that.”Thomas said.‎ There are no teachers at New Country.Every few weeks，students must present projects they’ve been working on to the rest of the school community.To prepare for their presentations，they gather at tables in the middle of the school atrium and present their work to their “advisers.”‎ Kids at New Country test better than their peers on the state tests and on the precollege ACT.The school sends 90 percent of its graduates to college.But that doesn’t tell the whole story.New Country struggles to keep its seniors from leaving.The school’s senior project is demanding－300 hours of work.‎ But for some students，New Country offers a rare alternative，a choice they can’t find anywhere else.And the school is constantly visited by educators from around the world looking for new ideas.That’s the foundation of efforts to reform American high schools today－that there’s a need to experiment with an institution that is failing millions of students.[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]‎ ‎5．The author mentioned the typical high school in the lst paragraph ________.‎ A．to tell us what the typical high school is like in ‎USA B．to present a sharp contrast with the experimental school, New Country C．to introduce the topic，New Country，of the passage D．to call on students to register in the typical high school 解析：选C。段落理解题。文章主要介绍了美国的一所实验学校New Country的情况，文章开篇提到typical high school的情况是为了引起下文。‎ ‎6．The following statements about New Country are all true except that ________.‎ A．New Country students sit in an open environment that looks a lot like a typical office B．students consult with“advisers”， who“teach” in the traditional sense C．no bells in New Country, students choose how to spend their time D．no traditional classes, students work on projects they select themselves 解析：选B。细节理解题。B项错在who“teach”in the traditional sense，只有在：To prepare for their presentations，they gather at tables in the middle of the school atrium and present their work to their “advisers.”才去求助于advisers。‎ ‎7．Compared with a typical high school, New Country is well received for its ________.‎ A．high test scores B．alternative nature C．comfortable conditions D．teaching methods 解析：选B。细节理解题。最后一段第一句中New Country offers a rare alternative，a choice they can’t find anywhere else.，可看出选B项。[来源:学,科,网]‎ ‎8．The passage mainly tells us________.‎ A．the concepts of an experimental school B．typical high school and experimental school C．new schools in future in ‎America D．education reform in ‎America 解析：选A。主旨概括题。文中主要讲述的是experimental school，所以B错误；C、D太笼统。‎ ‎**********************************************************结束 Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study.‎ ‎ The University‎ of ‎Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, “Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employee’s attention.”‎ ‎ “People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,” Coker said on the university’s website. “Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total Internet attention for a day’s work, and as a result, increases productivity(生产效率),”he said.‎ ‎ According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. “Firms spend a lot of money on software to block their employees from watching video, using social networking sites or shopping online,” said Coker. “That’s not always a good idea.”‎ ‎ However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation (适度), or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office. “Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without,” he said.‎ ‎51. What does the University‎ of ‎Melbourne study mainly show? ‎ A. People who surf the Internet are good employees.‎ B. Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours.‎ C. Surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity.‎ D. The Internet is becoming more and more important in people’s life.‎ ‎52. According to Paragraph 3, Brent Coker would most probably agree that______.‎ A. the longer a person’s mind rests ,the better attention he will have B. surfing the Internet is the best way to increase productivity C. workers should have a long break during office hours D. Workers should let their minds rest now and then ‎53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the most popular surfing activities? [来源:1ZXXK]‎ A. Watching videos. B. Reading online news.‎ C. Reading online novels D. Playing online games.‎ ‎54. The underlined word “block” in Paragrap4 means “_____”.‎ A. prevent B. cycle C. burst D. breathe ‎55. What can we infer form the last paragraph?‎ A. Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity.‎ B. Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity.‎ C. Most people don’t surf the Internet in moderation during office hours.‎ D. People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet.‎ 参考答案---------- 51—55 CDCAA ‎*****************************************************结束 ‎ (1)‎ George Bernard Shaw and Winston Churchill disliked each other. It is said that the playwright(剧作家) once sent Churchill two tickets for the opening night of one of his plays, together with a ‎ card, which said, “Bring a friend (if you have one).” ‎ Churchill, however, returned the tickets with a note, which said, “I shall be busy that evening. Please send me two tickets for the second night (if there is one).” ‎ There is no record of whether Shaw ever sent the tickets.‎ ‎1. What was Shaw trying to say to Churchill on his card? ‎ A. Churchill should not go to the play alone.‎ B. Churchill should not bring too many people.‎ C. Churchill may have to waste the two tickets.‎ D. Churchill did not have any friend.‎ ‎2. Why didn’t Churchill want the tickets for the first night? ‎ A. He didn’t want to take Shaw’s insult(侮辱).‎ B. The theatre would not be as crowded the second night.‎ C. He was busy on the first night of the show.‎ D. He couldn’t find a friend to go with him the first night.‎ ‎(1—2 DA)‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文讲述了 Shaw 与 Churchill 相互挖苦、讽刺的幽默故事。‎ ‎1. D。推断题。根据文章的交代，他们两人相互讨厌对方，于是 Shaw 在所送的票上写着 if you have one，言外之意 Churchill 没有朋友，从而可推知此题答案为 D。‎ ‎2. A。推断题。根据文章的语气 if there is one 可看出：Churchill 不甘 Shaw 的侮辱，于是，反唇相讥，言外之意，你的戏不会有第 2 场，从而可推知此题答案为 A。‎ ‎**************************************************************结束 ‎ (2)‎ The office has always been a place to get ahead. Unfortunately, It is also a place where a lot of natural resources start to fall behind. Take a look around next time you’re at work. See how many lights are left on when people leave. See how much paper is being wasted. How much electricity is being used to run computers that are left on. Look at how much water is being wasted in the rest-rooms. And how much solid waste is being thrown out in the rubbish cans. We bet it’s a lot. ‎ ‎ Now, here are some simple ways you can produce less waste at work. When you are at the copier, only make the copies you need. Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important. Turn off your lights when you leave. Use a lower watt bulb in your lamp. Drink your ‎ coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of single-use cups. Set up a recycling box for cans and one for bottles. And when you’re in the bathroom brushing your teeth or washing your face, don’t let the tap run. Remember, if we use fewer resources today, we’ll save more for tomorrow. ‎ ‎1. The main purpose of the passage is to tell people _______. ‎ A. the disadvantages of working in an office B. the waste produced in an office C. to save resources when working in an office D. how to save water in a restroom ‎2. How many kinds of waste are mentioned in the passage？‎ A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.‎ ‎3. From the passage we can infer that in the office ________. ‎ A. using computers is a waste of resource B. many people don’t turn off the computers after using them C. computers are run by electricity D. a computer is not a must for working ‎4. It is suggested that we use both sides of the paper at the copier because _______.‎ A. we are short of paper B. the printing is not important C. we should save paper D. we have to pay for the paper ‎5. The underlined word mugs is most likely to be _______. ‎ A. a machine that makes coffee B. a container that can be used again and again C. a paper product for tea D. something that can only be found in an office ‎【答案解析】本文介绍了办公室资源浪费情况及节约办公资源的办法。‎ ‎1. C。推断题。根据第2段的内容可知，文章是告诉人们怎样在办公的时候节约资源 ‎2. C。细节题。文章提到的资源浪费现象有：lights are left on; paper is being wasted; electricity is being used to run computers that are left on; water is being wasted in the rest-rooms; solid waste is being thrown out in the rubbish cans等。其中 lights are left on 和 electricity is being used to run computers that are left on 同属于浪费电，因此文章中一共提到4种资源浪费，即选 C。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据 How much electricity is being used to run computers that are left on ‎ 可知答案为 B。‎ ‎4. C。推断题。根据 Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important 可以判断，两面打印可以节约纸张，避免不必要的浪费。‎ ‎5. B。词义猜测题。根据 Drink your coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of single-use cups.我们可以看出 mugs 和“single-use cups(一次性杯子)”相对，故可推测出 mugs 是“可反复使用的容器”。‎ ‎**************************************************************结束 ‎ (2)‎ Warm water freezes more quickly than cold water. Sir Francis Bacon said that almost four hundred years ago. But few people believed him until 1970. In that year a Canadian scientist George Kill proved the English professor was right. Dr Kill filled an open oil pail(桶) with cold water. He filled another with warm water. He put both in the same low temperature. The warm water froze first. The lack of covers on the pails is the secret. Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen. And so the warm water froze faster than the cold water even though it had a greater temperature drop to make.‎ ‎1. Hundreds of years ago, Sir Francis Bacon found _______. ‎ A. the temperature of warm water drops faster than that of cold water B. warm water is heavier than cold water C. warm water has the same temperature as cold water D. warm water is not as useful as cold water ‎2. What Sir Francis Bacon said was right, but people didn't believe him until _______. ‎ A. late in the 20th century B. early in the 20th century C. three years ago D. late in the 19th century ‎3. Leave a pail with warm water and another pail with cold water in the same low temperature, you’ll find that _______. ‎ A. cold water freezes first[‎ B. warm water turns into ice before cold water C. warm water and cold water freeze at the same time D. much of cold water is changed into air.‎ ‎4. Why does warm water freeze first in the same freezing weather? ‎ A. Because some of the warm water turns to vapor, the amount(数量) becomes less than that of cold water.‎ B. Because warm water is lighter than cold water.‎ C. Because the temperature of warm water is lower than that of cold water.‎ D. Because cold water freezes with more difficulty than warm water.‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文介绍热水比冷水结冰快的现象。‎ ‎1. A。细节题。据第1句和第2句可知答案为A。‎ ‎2. A。细节题。根据 But few people believe him until 1970 可知答案为A。‎ ‎3. B。细节题。根据文章第1句可得得答案为B。‎ ‎4. A。推断题。根据 Some of the warm water changed into vapor. This meant that less of the warm water was left to be frozen 可知答案为 A。‎ ‎*****************************************************结束 ‎　　There is a boy in my gym class (I’ll call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should “go Ajax” his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that’s “tact”.‎ ‎　　If a person isn’t sensitive to another’s feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish(亮光油), which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact.‎ ‎　　“Tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”.Doctors, for example, must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, “Your husband is disabled,” a doctor might say, “I’m sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and…”‎ ‎　　Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, “This won’t hurt a bit.” Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.‎ ‎　　Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in.‎ ‎9.When told he should “go Ajax” his teeth, Bill probably felt ________________.‎ ‎　　A．surprised                B．cheated C．regretful               D．painful ‎10.According to the author, his mother’s praise for the brother is _______________.‎ ‎　　A．both sensitive and tactful         B．sensitive but not tactful enough ‎　　C．truthful but not tactful           D．sensitive but trickish ‎11.The fourth paragraph mainly talks about __________________. w.w.w.k.&s.5*u.c.om A．how to comfort the patients ‎ B．how to use trickery carefully ‎　　C．differences between trickery and promises ‎　　D．another feature of tact ‎12.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ ‎(The numbers stand for the paragraphs)‎ ‎[来源:1ZXXK][来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ 参考答案 9-12 DBDC ‎ ‎**************************************************结束