2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（22）（含解析） 10页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（22）‎ 李仕才 A ‎ Doctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings. A frightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisoning.‎ ‎ In cases like this, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it.‎ ‎ Millions of people know a way to save a person who is choking on something trapped in the throat. The method is commonly known as the Heimlich Maneuver or abdominal thrusts(腹部按压), which you can do by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. Put your arms around the victim’s waist. Close one hand to form a ball. Place it over the upper part of the stomach, below the ribs. Place the other hand on top. Then push forcefully inward and upward. Repeat the abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled from the mouth. For someone who is pregnant or very fat, place your hands a little higher than with normal abdominal thrusts.‎ ‎ Red Cross experts say taking these steps can save many lives. But they also warn that abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned. They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. Abdominal thrusts should be used only in cases where a near-drowning victim is choking on an object.‎ ‎ To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. There may be training classes offered in your area.‎ ‎1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT the common cause of accidental poisonings?‎ ‎ A. A harmful medicine ‎ B. A cleaning liquid 10‎ ‎ C. Poisonous insects ‎ D. Dangerous pesticide(杀虫剂)‎ ‎2. The underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_________ ”.‎ ‎ A. coming out B. taking up ‎ C. going away D. getting down ‎3. Why abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned?‎ ‎ A. Because people are unwilling to attempt rescue efforts ‎ B. Because it is hard to perform ‎ C. Because it is no need to do so ‎ D. Because it could hold up other ways to re-start breathing in the victim ‎4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text?‎ ‎ A. To promote medical research ‎ B. To share some knowledge about first aid ‎ C. To show how to perform abdominal thrusts ‎ C.To help people deal with accidental poisoning ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了意外中毒的主要原因及急救方法。‎ ‎1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的介绍可知，有害的药物、清洁剂及杀虫剂都是意外中毒的主要原因， 而没有提到有毒的昆虫。‎ ‎3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. ”可知，腹部按压不适合溺水者是因为它会延迟受害者以其他的方式重新开始 ‎ 呼吸。‎ ‎4. B 【解析】文章意图题。根据最后一段中的“To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like ‎ a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information.”可知，这篇文章的目的是促进关于急救常识的医学研究。‎ B 10‎ ‎(2015·呼和浩特调研)‎ We don’t always get a second chance to achieve our dreams.But some people are lucky，like Matthew McConaughey.Once almost unknown，the actor has recently found himself back on the list of the best actors in Hollywood.His new movie Interstellar is just another sign that his career reinvention has been an incredible success.“The film relies on McConaughey’s performance to hold together the emotional story of a father and his daughter against the background of space travel at the end of the world，”Forbes commented.‎ But only years ago，the Texas native was often the butt of jokes(笑柄) about being too handsome.In 1993，after meeting with director Richard Linklater，McConaughey starred in Dazed and Confused.And a Hollywood career was born，mostly in romantic comedies.For a long time，the whole world believed McConaughey was just a handsome guy with comic talent.‎ But McConaughey stopped starring in that type of movie，and began to use his looks differently.Slowly he built up his reputation as a serious actor.In 2013，McConaughey was offered to play an AIDS activist in Dallas Buyers Club.The role saw the normally muscular actor losing 50 pounds in order to appear sick.His performance won him an Oscar for Best Actor.‎ The actor gave thanks to someone he has always looked up to as a hero during his Oscar acceptance speech.When he was 15，the actor said，he decided that his hero would be himself in 10 years.But 10 years later，he pushed the deadline ahead another decade.Then 10 years later，another decade.“My hero’s always 10 years away，”he said.“I’m never going to attain that.That keeps me with somebody to keep on chasing.”Or perhaps constantly chasing the chance to be his own hero has given him a second chance to pursue his dreams.‎ 10‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇人物介绍，主要讲述了演员McConaughey因不满足自己所取得的成绩，不断挑战自我，努力向前，最终成为闻名好莱坞的著名演员，成就了自己梦想的故事。‎ ‎1．Why was McConaughey often the butt of jokes in his early career?‎ A．He was limited to handsome roles.‎ B．He was unknown to the audience.‎ C．He played in romantic comedies.‎ D．He was handsome and emotional.‎ 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Texas native was often the butt of jokes(笑柄) about being too handsome...the whole world believed McConaughey was just a handsome guy with comic talent”可知，因长相帅气而局限于他扮演的潇洒帅气的角色而被当作笑柄。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What role won McConaughey an Oscar for Best Actor?‎ A．A caring father.‎ B．An AIDS activist.‎ C．A serious buyer.‎ D．A strong hero.‎ 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 2013，McConaughey was offered to play an AIDS activist...His performance won him an Oscar for Best Actor.”可知，B项正确。‎ ‎3．What can we learn about McConaughey?‎ A．He was born in Hollywood.‎ B．He has become a hero of his own.‎ C．He wasn’t famous until recently.‎ D．He isn’t content with his achievements.‎ 解析：选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he decided that his hero would be himself in 10 years...Then 10 years later，another decade.”可排除B项；根据第一段中的“Once almost unknown，the actor has recently found himself back on the list of the best actors in Hollywood.”可知，他曾经出名过，排除C项；根据最后一段中的“I’m never going to 10‎ ‎ attain that.That keeps me with somebody to keep on chasing.”可知由于不满足于现状，他不断追逐梦想；选项A全文并未涉及。故D项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title?‎ A．McConaughey，a Romantic Comedian B．McConaughey，a Man Making a Hit C．McConaughey，a Man Daring to Change D．McConaughey，Handsome and Talented 解析：选C。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了著名演员McConaughey永不满足于现状，不断挑战自我的事情。故C项正确。‎ C Today, ultrasonic(超声的) waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories. If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forth hundreds of thousands of times each second. This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids. Paint manufacturers(制造商) use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors. The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film.‎ The new lightweight(轻量的) type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get clothes clean. Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes. The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the cloth so fast that everything is soon clean. There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way.‎ Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it. The liquid is actually torn apart by this action. Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again. The result is a powerful pounding action. In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均匀，使匀质) milk and sterilizing(使无菌) it at the same time. If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around 10‎ ‎ in a watery liquid. In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒) may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings. The result is called homogenized milk. When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces. (from www.nmet168.com)‎ ‎1. Why does a paint manufacturer use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors?‎ A. Because it is cheap to use ultrasound to blend colors.‎ B. Because the waves move the liquid so quickly that it can make materials mix quickly or dissolve in liquids.‎ C. Because they can mix chemicals by the use of sound waves.‎ D. Because the waves can clean the paint.‎ ‎2. What properties does ultrasound wave have?‎ A. Homogenizes and sterilizes the milk. B. Mix materials and break droplets.‎ C. Kill germs and sterilize milk. D. Move liquids quickly.‎ ‎3. What exists in the raw milk?‎ A. Little drops of butter fat. B. Small holes.‎ C. Fat droplets and germs. D. Chemicals.‎ ‎4. Where is ultrasound wave not used?‎ A. In the paint manufacture. B. In the shop mixing bread flour.‎ C. In the film-making company. D. In the dairy industry.‎ ‎1. B 事实细节题。根据其上句 This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids 可知，答案选 B。‎ ‎2. D 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段的第 1 句 Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it可知，答案选 D。‎ ‎3. C 事实细节题。根据文章最后一段的内容，特别是最后一句 When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces 可知，答案选 C ‎4. B 推理判断题。根据文章第 1 段最后提到的 Paint manufacturers(制造商)…以及The companies that make film… 两句排除选项 A、C，根据第 3 段第 5 句的 In the dairy industry ‎ 10‎ this is used for… 排除选项 D，从而得出答案是 B。‎ D ‎(2015·银川质量检测)‎ In September of 2013，residents of Bexar County celebrated the opening of the Biblio Tech Library.It is one of the first libraries in America to go completely digital and perhaps it will lead the way for others to follow.To check out a book in this digital library，users link their library card to the ‎3M Cloud Library App.Then they can look through the library catalogue and check out a total of five books at any given time.When the books are due，they are automatically removed from the ereader.Biblio Tech offers free tablets，laptops and computers which can be used within the library.It also offers study rooms and lounge areas where people can work together and other libraries are also in on the trend.‎ Despite the move towards digital，the Biblio Tech Library is currently the only digital library in the nation.However，the bookless library has been attempted before.Sadly，this change proved to be far too ahead of its time.Within a few years，the library began providing materials along with the digital materials due to requests from the library members.‎ Libraries are in the middle of a great change.Just a decade ago，the main focus was to lend materials to the public，but recently they have been placing more emphasis on programs to help and educate the community.A library is no longer simply a place to check out books.‎ Digital libraries are the future.In the next 100 years or so，books in print may be completely replaced by their digital competitors.While these can be more convenient for libraries and library members，I am still going to be fond of books in print.I will miss the smell of the paper，because those are things I grew to love about readings.‎ 10‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。2013年9月，美国Bexar县的居民庆祝第一家Biblio科技图书馆的成立。文章通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向我们介绍了与传统图书馆相比，电子图书馆的优势及未来图书馆的发展方向。‎ ‎1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?‎ A．The opening of the Biblio Tech Library.‎ B．The improvement of the Biblio Tech Library.‎ C．The importance of the Biblio Tech Library.‎ D．The introduction of the Biblio Tech Library.‎ 解析：选D。段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事，向读者介绍了一种新型的电子图书馆及这种图书馆的使用方法。故答案选D。‎ ‎2．What can be inferred about libraries from the text?‎ A．The function expands.‎ B．The income increases.‎ C．The development slows down.‎ D．The business declines.‎ 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段“Libraries are in the middle of a great change...A library is no longer simply a place to check out books.”可推知，图书馆的功能增加了。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．The writer seems to be a person who ________.‎ A．is crazy about ereaders B．works in a library C．misses the old days D．is hopeless about the future 解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“...I am still going to be fond of books in print.I will miss the smell of the paper，because those are things I grew to love about 10‎ ‎ readings.”可知，作者仍喜欢阅读纸质图书，会怀念纸质图书的味道，也正是因为它们作者才爱上了阅读。由此可知，作者是个怀旧的人。故答案选C。‎ E Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom need a referee(裁判) and seldom trouble to keep scores.They don’t care much about who wins or loses,and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet,they like games that depend a lot on luck,so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages,in which each stage,the choosing of leaders,the picking-up of sides,or the determining of which side shall start,is almost a game in itself.‎ Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting,and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However,it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person,and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident,too,in particular games,that it is his place to give orders,to pretend to be dead,to throw a ball actually at someone,or to kiss someone he has caught.‎ It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control.Everyone knows the rules,and more importantly,everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish,but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.‎ ‎1.What is TRUE about children when they play games?‎ A.They can stop playing any time they like.‎ B.They can test their personal abilities.‎ C.They want to pick a better team.‎ D.They don’t need rules.‎ 答案:A 解析:由第一段中的“Theydon’tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.”可知,孩子们对游戏的结果以及是否结束并不在意,说明孩子们玩的游戏随时都可中止。‎ 10‎ ‎2.To become a leader in a game the child has to 　　　. ‎ A.play well B.wait for his turn C.be confident in himself D.be popular among his playmates 答案:B 解析:由第二段中的“Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.”可推知孩子们在做游戏时轮流当领导者。‎ ‎3.What do we know about grown-ups?‎ A.They are not interested in games.‎ B.They find children’s games too easy.‎ C.They don’t need a reason to play games.‎ D.They don’t understand children’s games.‎ 答案:B 解析:由第二段开头可知答案。‎ ‎4.Why does a child like playing games?‎ A.Because he can be someone other than himself.‎ B.Because he can become popular among friends.‎ C.Because he finds he is always lucky in games.‎ D.Because he likes the place where he plays a game.‎ 答案:A 解析:由第二段可知孩子们喜欢做游戏的原因是:在游戏中,他可以变成另外一个人。‎ 10‎