上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷 42页

‎2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷 Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possibleanswers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1．（1.5分）A． In a charity shop．‎ B． In a laundry C． In a dormitory．‎ D． In a clothing store．‎ ‎2．（1.5分）A． ﹩114．‎ B． ﹩86．‎ C． ﹩14．‎ D． ﹩43．‎ ‎3．（1.5分）A． A librarian．‎ В． A secretary．‎ C． A reporter．‎ D． An accountant．‎ ‎4．（1.5分）A． Purchase some ingredients B． Give the man instructions for the soup．‎ C． Check to see if the soup is ready．‎ D． Write down the directions to the supermarket．‎ ‎5．（1.5分）A． Chocolate is his favourite flavor．‎ B． There's no more chocolate pudding left．‎ C． He doesn't want any chocolate pudding．‎ D． He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．‎ ‎6．（1.5分）A． She hasn't called the travel agency yet．‎ B． She doesn't know when her semester ends．‎ C． The man may have to reschedule his trip．‎ D． The man should take his vacation somewhere else．‎ ‎7．（1.5分）A． Get a ticket from his sister．‎ B． Help his sister out of her conflict．‎ C． Go to the concert with his sister．‎ D． Get a schedule of future performances．‎ ‎8．（1.5分）A． Meet his advisor．‎ B． Track his adviser C． Adjust his course schedule D． Follow his course schedule as advised．‎ ‎9．（1.5分）A． He has already paid his landlord for next year's rent．‎ B． He's decided how he's going to spend the prize money．‎ C． He doesn't know how much his rent is going to increase．‎ D． He's already planning to enter for next year's essay contest ‎10．（1.5分）A． The man can use her electronic dictionary．‎ B． The man should buy a new paper dictionary．‎ C． She can show the man how to use the dictionary D． She will work more efficiently with his dictionary．‎ ‎11．（4.5分）（1）A． Napping may help prevent seniors' memory loss B． Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically．‎ C． Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap．‎ D． Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world．‎ ‎（2）A． They are afraid of becoming lazy．‎ B． They don't think napping is common．‎ C． They are too energetic to need a nap．‎ D． They don't want to be considered weak．‎ ‎（3）A． Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders．‎ B． Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities．‎ C． Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of money D． Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms ‎12．（4.5分）（1）A． A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours．‎ B． A growth in complaints about neighbours．‎ C． The increasing noises made by neighbours．‎ D． Different views on relations between neighbours．‎ ‎（2）A． Selfish attitudes．‎ B． High immigration．‎ C． More crowded space．‎ D． Unwillingness to socialize．‎ ‎（3）A． We ought to understand the instances better．‎ B． Explanations for the instances have increased．‎ C． It's easier to make complaints on TV channels．‎ D． The problem can be viewed from another angle．‎ ‎13．（6分）（1）A． The place to buy soap．‎ B． The plans to survive on the campus．‎ C． The way to use drying machines．‎ D． The steps to wash clothes with machines ‎（2）A． It can promote bacteria growth．‎ B． It can produce dirt in the clothes．‎ C． It can be a waste of water and soap．‎ D． It can leave bubbles in the machine ‎（3）A． Excited．‎ B． Shocked．‎ C． Disappointed D． Embarrassed ‎（4）A． The woman's mother seldom does things for her．‎ B． American kids become independent even before ten．‎ C． The man and the woman are from different countries．‎ D． In the eye of the man's mother， independence is important．‎ II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word； for the other blanks，‎ ‎ use one word that best fits each blank.‎ ‎14．（15分）‎ Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery Workers ‎ A ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living． Many of the workers are immigrants．‎ ‎ Electric bicycles， or "e﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles， but they have electric﹣powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward． Most e﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour， but some can go much （1）　 　 （fast）．‎ ‎ （2）　 　 it is legal to own e﹣bikes in New York City， it is not legal to operate them． Officials there consider the dangerous use of e﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）　 　 the ban． Last year， the city announced severe measures （4）　 　 （mean） to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible．‎ ‎ E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban． The police （5）　 　also seize the bikes．‎ ‎ Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s． Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）　 　 （earn） enough money to live on．‎ ‎ Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）　 　their job also depends on tips． He added that when delivery workers are too slow， some people refuse to pay for the food， which makes the workers' supervisors angry．‎ ‎ Ligiang Liu is an e﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union． He says （8）　 　 （catch） breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers．‎ ‎ Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project， （9）　 　 provides assistance to bicycle﹣related workers in New York City． He says the city's ban on e﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities． He does not accept the argument （10）　 　 e﹣bikes present a danger to citizens． However， many New Yorkers are quick to blame e﹣bike riders for not being safe．‎ Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more ‎ than you need.‎ ‎15．（3分）‎ A． overate B． precious C． rate D． researchers E． impression F． previous G． presented H． interpret I． goers J． revealed K． consumer People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive ‎ It is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch， but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal， it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal， according to scientists．‎ ‎ A new study has found that restaurant （1）　 　 who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price． The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）　 　 of how food tastes．‎ ‎ Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐） in a restaurant． The price of the food was set by the （3）　 　 at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal． Customers were asked to （4）　 　 how good the food tasted， the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．‎ ‎ The experiment （5）　 　 that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet． Interestingly those that paid for the ﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）　 　． However， the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total， according to the study （7）　 　 at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．‎ ‎ Brian Wansink， a professor of （8）　 　 behaviour at the university， said： "We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats， but a huge impact on how you （9）　 　 the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals．‎ ‎ In a（n） （10）　 　 study， scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里） than people who eat in brightly lit ‎ areas．‎ III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ ‎16．（15分）‎ How Climate Change Affects Airline Flights ‎ Hot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer． This flight﹣disturbing （1）　 　 is a warning sign． Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）　 　 ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long﹣term declines in agricultural production． And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）　 　．‎ ‎ National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed． In the aviation （航空） industry， airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （4）　 　 Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）　 　‎ ‎ As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world， our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）　 　 around the world． We've found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）　 　 in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures， which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed．‎ ‎ There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago． And if we （8）　 　 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades， the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically．‎ ‎ The （9）　 　 on aviation may be widespread． Many airports are built near sea level， putting them at risk of more frequent （10）　 　 as oceans rise． The frequency and intensity of ‎ violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high﹣altitude （高海拔的） winds．‎ ‎ Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings， potentially increasing fuel （11）　 　．‎ ‎ Many departments of the economy， including the aviation industry， have yet to seriously （12）　 　 the effects of climate change． The sooner， the better： Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades， and have （13）　 　 effects． Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years， and their （14）　 　 are being designed now． The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated， the more effective and less costly adaptations can be． Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry， which would help reduce the problem while also （15）　 　 it．‎ ‎（1）A． scheme B． heat C． shift D． mess ‎（2）A． contributions B． confusion C． feedbacks D． consequences ‎（3）A． pilots B． reservations C． costs D． accidents ‎（4）A． historically B． enormously C． fundamentally D． domestically ‎（5）A． retested B． implemented C． prospected D． reengineered ‎（6）A． travels B． developments C． flights D． communications ‎（7）A． disorders B． gains C． bans D． restrictions ‎（8）A． happen B． fail C． aim D． promise ‎（9）A． taxes B． effects C． viewpoints D． comments ‎（10）A． flooding B． rotting C． repairing D． transferring ‎（11）A． standard B． efficiency C． distribution D． consumption ‎（12）A． consider B． avoid C． maximize D． demonstrate ‎（13）A． greater B． different C． lasting D． direct ‎（14）A． airports B． products C． contracts D． replacements ‎（15）A． sneezing at B． responding to D． recovering from C． resulting in Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎17．（8分）Flu is killing us． The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face， let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future． Yes， we have an annual vaccine （疫苗）， and everyone qualified should get it without question． The reality， however， is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines． And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years． We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine．‎ ‎ In the U．S． alone， seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections， three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56，000 deaths． We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves， our loved ones and our communities ‎ Why not？ We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time． So as individuals， we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．‎ ‎ The risk of continued foot dragging is huge． In a severe widespread disease， the U．S． health care system could be defeated in just weeks． Millions of people would be infected by the virus， and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak．‎ ‎ The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病） is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with themwhen they hit． In 2012， a call was issued for an annual billion﹣dollar U．S． commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine． Six years later， the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded．‎ ‎ The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction． As soon as headlines about the flu are going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients， and school and workplace absence rates decline， we go back to business as usual．‎ ‎ Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer ‎ from flu．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed． Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones ‎（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that　 　．‎ A． they are not available every year B． most Americans are not allowed to get them C． not everyone is qualified for them D． many people still catch flu after getting them ‎（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4？　 　‎ A． Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks．‎ B． The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu．‎ C． Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention．‎ D． Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future．‎ ‎（3）What can be inferred from the passage？　 　‎ A． Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu．‎ B． The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases．‎ C． The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention．‎ D． Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu．‎ ‎（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to　 　．‎ A． teach people more effective ways to fight against flu B． call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriously C． encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccine D． urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu ‎18．（6分）‎ How to get your tax refund ‎ At the store ‎ Get a Global Blue Tax Free Form． If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card， see "How to fil in your Tax Free Forms"．‎ ‎ Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure．‎ ‎ Remember no refund without：‎ ‎ Completed Receipts Customs ‎ Form attached validation （验证）‎ ‎ At the point of departure ‎ For non﹣EU residents only ‎ Goods carried in checked﹣in luggage：‎ ‎ 1． Check your luggage in at the check﹣in counter， tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．‎ ‎ 2． Take the labelled luggage to Customs， show the goods， and have your Tax Free Forms stamped ‎ 3． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service provider ‎ Goods carried in hand luggage：‎ ‎ 1． Go to Customs after passport control， show the goods， and have your Tax Free Forms stamped． Please note： Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU．‎ ‎ 2． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider．‎ ‎ Allow time for the refund process． Go to Customs before or after check﹣in， see Refund Office list． Present your completed Tax Free Forms， receipts， passport， and purchased items to get a stamp．‎ ‎ Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）． Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash．‎ ‎ In a rush？ Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks．‎ ‎ *EU： European Union ‎（1）Whom is the above information intended for？　 　‎ A． EU residents who want to get their tax refunded．‎ B． Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU．‎ C． EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms．‎ D． Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases．‎ ‎（2）To get your tax refund， you need to　 　 after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check﹣in luggage．‎ A． show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerk B． cash in your stamped Form at the check﹣in counter．‎ C． take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stamp D． go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage ‎（3）What can be learned from the passage？　 　‎ A． It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund．‎ B． It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp．‎ C． You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry．‎ D． You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter．‎ ‎19．（8分）A portrait created by artificial intelligence， or Al， made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖） block at Christie's in New York City this week． It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法） to be offered for auction in the world of fine art．‎ ‎ The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432，500 on Oct． 25 in New York City．‎ ‎ The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face， dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century．‎ ‎ Of course， a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist． The Al that created the image had human programmers﹣ a Parisian art collective called Obvious， Christie's reported． Their cooperation， titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy，" is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7，000 to﹩10，000， according to Christie's．‎ ‎ To create the portrait， the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries， to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art， Obvious artist Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré told Christie's． The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other． called the Generator （that makes the art） and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human﹣created and Al﹣created images）， Caselles﹣Dupré explained； they called this Al ‎ "generative adversarial network" （GAN）， Caselles﹣Dupré explained．‎ ‎ GAN's final image was then printed and framed， according to Obvious． At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式） representing the algorithm that created it， a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator， Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website．‎ ‎ The goal of the painting and of Obvious， also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré and Gauthier Vernier， was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative．，" Consumer News and Business Channel reported．‎ ‎ Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on， according to Christie's， "since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait．‎ ‎ "Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious．‎ ‎（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy"　 　．‎ A． was sold at an unexpectedly high price B． was the first artwork sold at an auction C． is a painting created by means of brush D． is a man who once appeared at the auction ‎（2）To create a portrait， Al needs to　 　．‎ A． learn from plenty of images B． use an algorithm with many parts C． work against human painters D． recognize its human programmers ‎（3）What can be concluded from the passage？　 　‎ A． The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless．‎ B． The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity．‎ C． It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait．‎ D． Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human．‎ ‎（4）The passage mainly tells us that　 　．‎ A． Al will soon replace man in some fields B． an Al﹣created portrait sells high at an auction C． a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create car D． Al﹣created paintings are better received at auctions Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ ‎20．（6分）‎ A． It's that long﹣term exposure that experts find most worrisome．‎ B． Car manufacturers are unaware of standards regulating air quality inside new cars．‎ C． This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off﹣gassing．‎ D． Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough， and the danger of exposure is scarier still．‎ E． The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used in car construction F． Fortunately， high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture．‎ Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health？‎ ‎ The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms， for which there's a good reason． That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals， some of which can be highly poisonous．‎ ‎ （1）　 　 Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的） organic compounds （VOCs）， some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities． Others are just bad for you．‎ ‎ "It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances，" said Jeff Gearhart， Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan． The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years， and has noted some improvement． But Gearhart says there is still work to be done．‎ ‎ "There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said． "Since these chemicals are not regulated， consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face．"‎ ‎ （2）　 　 Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches， dizziness， etc．， depending on the sensitivity of an individual．‎ ‎ According to the US Environmental Protection Agency， continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．‎ ‎ The danger is the greatest when the car is new， and that new car smell is most noticeable． （3）　 　 It is the release of chemical vapours， which leads to the smell． Heat from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse， and speed up the chemical reaction． The danger is reduced over time， and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months．‎ ‎ Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的）， especially during the first six months of ownership． Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so， or at least try to air it out before getting inside﹣especially on not days．‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎21．（8分）Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passagein no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．‎ Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）‎ ‎ The spine stands at the center of your health， providing your body with structure and support． It also contains your spinal cord， a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain． Therefore， it's important to take care of it．‎ ‎ Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy． Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight， except for its natural curves． Posture comes into play even when you're asleep． Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions． Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling ‎ sore the next day．‎ ‎ Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine． Staying still for too long even if your posture is good﹣ can be hard on your back． Especially if you work at a desk most of the day， it's important to get up and stretch periodically． Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions． Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine． However， don't overdo the exercise， as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．‎ ‎ Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves． In particular， B vitamins help keep nerves healthy， so you may want to consider taking a． supplement （补充物）． Another important factor is vitamin D， which is essential for strong bones， but． it's also absorbed from sunlight， so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．‎ V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎22．（4分）科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）　 　‎ ‎23．（4分）我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）　 　‎ ‎24．（4分）那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）　 　‎ ‎25．（4分）经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）　 　‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎ ‎26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese．‎ 中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：‎ ‎＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：‎ ‎＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．‎ 注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．‎ ‎2019年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷 参考答案与试题解析 Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possibleanswers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1．（1.5分）A． In a charity shop．‎ B． In a laundry C． In a dormitory．‎ D． In a clothing store．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎2．（1.5分）A． ﹩114．‎ B． ﹩86．‎ C． ﹩14．‎ D． ﹩43．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎3．（1.5分）A． A librarian．‎ В． A secretary．‎ C． A reporter．‎ D． An accountant．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎4．（1.5分）A． Purchase some ingredients B． Give the man instructions for the soup．‎ C． Check to see if the soup is ready．‎ D． Write down the directions to the supermarket．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎5．（1.5分）A． Chocolate is his favourite flavor．‎ B． There's no more chocolate pudding left．‎ C． He doesn't want any chocolate pudding．‎ D． He's already tasted the chocolate pudding．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎6．（1.5分）A． She hasn't called the travel agency yet．‎ B． She doesn't know when her semester ends．‎ C． The man may have to reschedule his trip．‎ D． The man should take his vacation somewhere else．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎7．（1.5分）A． Get a ticket from his sister．‎ B． Help his sister out of her conflict．‎ C． Go to the concert with his sister．‎ D． Get a schedule of future performances．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎8．（1.5分）A． Meet his advisor．‎ B． Track his adviser C． Adjust his course schedule D． Follow his course schedule as advised．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎9．（1.5分）A． He has already paid his landlord for next year's rent．‎ B． He's decided how he's going to spend the prize money．‎ C． He doesn't know how much his rent is going to increase．‎ D． He's already planning to enter for next year's essay contest ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎10．（1.5分）A． The man can use her electronic dictionary．‎ B． The man should buy a new paper dictionary．‎ C． She can show the man how to use the dictionary D． She will work more efficiently with his dictionary．‎ ‎【考点】15：短对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎11．（4.5分）（1）A． Napping may help prevent seniors' memory loss B． Sleep is good for us both mentally and physically．‎ C． Many Americans do not want to admit they take a nap．‎ D． Taking naps is very common in other parts of the world．‎ ‎（2）A． They are afraid of becoming lazy．‎ B． They don't think napping is common．‎ C． They are too energetic to need a nap．‎ D． They don't want to be considered weak．‎ ‎（3）A． Napping is not as effective for people with sleep disorders．‎ B． Napping cafes have been quite common in American cities．‎ C． Resting in the middle of the work day may cost a lot of money D． Many Americans are changing their offices into napping rooms ‎【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎12．（4.5分）（1）A． A recent survey on unfriendly neighbours．‎ B． A growth in complaints about neighbours．‎ C． The increasing noises made by neighbours．‎ D． Different views on relations between neighbours．‎ ‎（2）A． Selfish attitudes．‎ B． High immigration．‎ C． More crowded space．‎ D． Unwillingness to socialize．‎ ‎（3）A． We ought to understand the instances better．‎ B． Explanations for the instances have increased．‎ C． It's easier to make complaints on TV channels．‎ D． The problem can be viewed from another angle．‎ ‎【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 ‎13．（6分）（1）A． The place to buy soap．‎ B． The plans to survive on the campus．‎ C． The way to use drying machines．‎ D． The steps to wash clothes with machines ‎（2）A． It can promote bacteria growth．‎ B． It can produce dirt in the clothes．‎ C． It can be a waste of water and soap．‎ D． It can leave bubbles in the machine ‎（3）A． Excited．‎ B． Shocked．‎ C． Disappointed D． Embarrassed ‎（4）A． The woman's mother seldom does things for her．‎ B． American kids become independent even before ten．‎ C． The man and the woman are from different countries．‎ D． In the eye of the man's mother， independence is important．‎ ‎【考点】16：长对话理解．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】略 ‎【解答】略 ‎【点评】略 II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.‎ ‎14．（15分）‎ Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery Workers ‎ A ban on electric bieycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living． Many of the workers are immigrants．‎ ‎ Electric bicycles， or "e﹣bikes，" look like regular bicycles， but they have electric﹣‎ powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward． Most e﹣bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour， but some can go much （1）　faster　 （fast）．‎ ‎ （2）　Although　 it is legal to own e﹣bikes in New York City， it is not legal to operate them． Officials there consider the dangerous use of e﹣bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason （3）　for　 the ban． Last year， the city announced severe measures （4）　meant　 （mean） to hold e﹣bike riders and restaurant that employ the riders responsible．‎ ‎ E﹣bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban． The police （5）　can　also seize the bikes．‎ ‎ Many of New York's delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s． Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours （6）　to earn　 （earn） enough money to live on．‎ ‎ Delivery worker Deging Lian said it is important to perform quality work （7）　because　their job also depends on tips． He added that when delivery workers are too slow， some people refuse to pay for the food， which makes the workers' supervisors angry．‎ ‎ Ligiang Liu is an e﹣bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union． He says （8）　being caught　 （catch） breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers．‎ ‎ Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project， （9）　which　 provides assistance to bicycle﹣related workers in New York City． He says the city's ban on e﹣bikes is unfairly targeting low﹣paid workers who largely come from the city's Latino and Asian communities． He does not accept the argument （10）　that　 e﹣bikes present a danger to citizens． However， many New Yorkers are quick to blame e﹣bike riders for not being safe．‎ ‎【考点】N6：语法填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】文章讲述了一则新闻，纽约的电动车禁令使得一些依赖快递为生的人很为难．而且大部分人是移民．‎ ‎【解答】1． faster．考查比较级，可以跑的更快，表示比较，故填faster．‎ ‎2． Although．考查连接词，although引导让步状语从句，虽然拥有电动车合法，故填Although．‎ ‎3． for．考查介词，the reason for：…的原因，故填for．‎ ‎4． meant．考查非谓语，be meant to do ‎ sth：旨在做某事，必须做某事，这里是非谓语做后置定语修饰measures，故填meant．‎ ‎5． can．考查情态动词，警察可以收走车辆，表示"能够，可以"，故填can．‎ ‎6． to earn．考查不定式，require sb to do sth：要求某人做某事，故填to earn．‎ ‎7． because．考查连词，因为他们的工作依赖小费，because引导原因状语从句，故填because．‎ ‎8． being caught．考查动名词，being caught在这里是动名词做主语，被抓住可能会遭受延误．‎ ‎9． which．考查连词，which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面的 Biking Public Project，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．‎ ‎10． that．考查连词，argument后面that引导同位语从句，解释说明argument的内容，故填that．‎ ‎【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析．要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．‎ Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ ‎15．（3分）‎ A． overate B． precious C． rate D． researchers E． impression F． previous G． presented H． interpret I． goers J． revealed K． consumer People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive ‎ It is said that there's no such thing as a free lunch， but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal， it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal， according to scientists．‎ ‎ A new study has found that restaurant （1）　I　 who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price． The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their （2）　E　 of how food tastes．‎ ‎ Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffer （自助餐） in a restaurant． The price of the food was set by the ‎ （3）　D　 at either ﹩4 or ﹩8 for the all﹣you﹣can﹣eat meal． Customers were asked to （4）　C　 how good the food tasted， the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．‎ ‎ The experiment （5）　J　 that the people who paid ﹩8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the "cheaper" buffet． Interestingly those that paid for the ﹩4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they （6）　A　． However， the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total， according to the study （7）　G　 at the Experimental Biology meeting this week．‎ ‎ Brian Wansink， a professor of （8）　K　 behaviour at the university， said： "We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats， but a huge impact on how you （9）　H　 the experience．" He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals．‎ ‎ In a（n） （10）　F　 study， scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories （卡路里） than people who eat in brightly lit areas．‎ ‎【考点】N8：选词填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】饭菜越昂贵，感觉越好吃？俗话说天底下没有免费的午餐，但科学家表示，即使你享用了便宜饭菜，它的味道尝起来也没有昂贵饭菜好．‎ ‎【解答】1． I．考查名词的用法．根据who引导的定语从句who pay more for their meals可知，该空应该是一个名词，且指的是人，根据句意可知，应该是goers，意为饭店的负责人；故选I．‎ ‎2． E．考查名词的用法．this指代的是that people tend to associate cost with quality，所以他改变的是人们的对食物口感的印象，故选E．‎ ‎3． D．考查名词的用法．食物价格的设定应该是由researchers操作的，本句需要一个名词作被动语态中动作的施动者，故选D．‎ ‎4． C．考查动词的用法．根据后面的宾语how good the food tasted， the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names．可知，应该是对食物的口感、饭店的服务质量进行评价，rate用作动词，表示"评价，打分"．故选C．‎ ‎5． J．考查动词的用法．根据主语The experiment和that引导的宾语从句可知，空格处需要一个动词作谓语，结合句意可知，revealed表示"揭示，显示"．故选J．‎ ‎6． A．考查动词的用法．根据they felt guiltier about loading up their ‎ plates一句可知，他们对自己的冒然评价感到愧疚，由此可知，填overrate表示"估计过高"．故选A．‎ ‎7． G．考查非谓语动词的用法．这是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，修饰the study，the study和present之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以填过去分词．故选G．‎ ‎8． K．考查名词的用法．后面的话语引述的是对消费者的评价，所以应该是consumer，即对消费者行为的研究．故选K．‎ ‎9． H．考查动词的用法．影响巨大的是你如何解释这种体验；用动词interpret作谓语．故选H．‎ ‎10． F．考查形容词的用法．此处需要一个形容词作定语，修饰experiment，根据句意可知，应该是以前的实验结论；故选F．‎ ‎【点评】解答此类题目可遵循以下步骤：第一步，通读全文，了解文章大意，获得整体印象，同时初选出一批较有把握的答案．第二步，边核对初选答案边补填留下的空格．如果短文难度较大，则可复读几遍，核对和确定答案．有些空一时决定不了，可作个记号，待复查时再确定． 第三步，复查定稿．从整体理解角度出发，仔细审核答案，确保意义上、语法上没有错误，同时对遗留下来的少数几个空格作最后选择．‎ III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ ‎16．（15分）‎ How Climate Change Affects Airline Flights ‎ Hot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer． This flight﹣disturbing （1）　B　 is a warning sign． Climate change is projected to have far﹣reaching （2）　D　 ﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long﹣term declines in agricultural production． And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft with potential effects on airline （3）　C　．‎ ‎ National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have beer﹣designed for the climate in which it all developed． In the aviation （航空） industry， airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced （4）　A　 Because the climate is changing even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be （5）　D　‎ ‎ As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world， our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect （6）　C　 around the world． We've found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more fre quent takeoff weight （7）　D　 in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures， which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed．‎ ‎ There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago． And if we （8）　B　 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades， the frequency and intensity or these extremes is projected to increase dramatically．‎ ‎ The （9）　B　 on aviation may be widespread． Many airports are built near sea level， putting them at risk of more frequent （10）　A　 as oceans rise． The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high﹣altitude （高海拔的） winds．‎ ‎ Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings， potentially increasing fuel （11）　D　．‎ ‎ Many departments of the economy， including the aviation industry， have yet to seriously （12）　A　 the effects of climate change． The sooner， the better： Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades， and have （13）　C　 effects． Today's newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years， and their （14）　D　 are being designed now． The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated， the more effective and less costly adaptations can be． Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate﹣altering emissions across the aviation industry， which would help reduce the problem while also （15）　B　 it．‎ ‎（1）A． scheme B． heat C． shift D． mess ‎（2）A． contributions B． confusion C． feedbacks D． consequences ‎（3）A． pilots B． reservations C． costs D． accidents ‎（4）A． historically B． enormously C． fundamentally D． domestically ‎（5）A． retested B． implemented C． prospected D． reengineered ‎（6）A． travels B． developments C． flights D． communications ‎（7）A． disorders B． gains C． bans D． restrictions ‎（8）A． happen B． fail C． aim D． promise ‎（9）A． taxes B． effects C． viewpoints D． comments ‎（10）A． flooding B． rotting C． repairing D． transferring ‎（11）A． standard B． efficiency C． distribution D． consumption ‎（12）A． consider B． avoid C． maximize D． demonstrate ‎（13）A． greater B． different C． lasting D． direct ‎（14）A． airports B． products C． contracts D． replacements ‎（15）A． sneezing at B． responding to D． recovering from C． resulting in ‎【考点】M5：科普知识类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文是一篇科普知识类阅读．文章分析了气候变化，如高温，洪水，强风等对全球航空业产生的影响，并提出了应对措施．‎ ‎【解答】答案： 1﹣5． BDCAD 6﹣10． CDBBA 11﹣15 DACDB ‎1． B． 考查名词． A． scheme计划； B．heat热量； 高温； C． shift转换，改变； D．mess混乱． 根据第一句话中"Hot weather"可知，本句的意思是：这种扰乱航班的高温是一个预警信号． 故选B．‎ ‎2． D． 考查名词． A．contributions贡献； B．confusion困惑； C．feedbacks反馈； D．consequences后果，结果． 本句句意： 气候变化预计会产生深远的后果． 故选D．‎ ‎3． C． 考查名词． A． pilots飞行员； B． reservations保留，预定； C． costs花费；成本； D． accidents意外；事故． 本句句意： 有证据表明，它开始影响商用飞机的起飞性能，并对航空公司成本产生潜在影响．故选C．‎ ‎4． A． 考查副词． A． historically历史上地； B． enormously巨大地，庞大地；非常地，在极大程度上； C． fundamentally根本地，从根本上；基础地； D． domestically国内地；家庭式地．‎ ‎ 句意：在航空行业中，机场和飞机是根据历史上经历的天气状况而设计的．故选A．‎ ‎5． D． 考查动词． A． retested重新测试； B． implemented实施，执行； C． prospected 勘探，勘察； D． reengineered再设计；重新建造； 本句的意思是：因为气候不断在改变，甚至像机场这样的基本要素和像空运这样的关键经济部件都需要重新设计．‎ 故选D．‎ ‎6． C． 考查名词． A． travels旅行； B． developments发展； C． flights航班； D． communications交流． 本句句意：随着科学家们关注气候变化和极端天气对人类社会和世界各地的自然生态系统的影响，我们的研究表明，与气候变暖相关的酷热可能如何影响全球的航班．故选C．‎ ‎7． D． 考查名词． A． disorder混乱； B． gain获得；C． ban禁止；D．restriction限制． 从下文"which can help reduce the aircraft's weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed"可知，需要减轻飞机的重量，所以本句是说在未来几十年，从纽约到迪拜再到曼谷的主要机场，起飞重量限制将更加频繁．故选D．‎ ‎8． B． 考查动词． A． happen to do碰巧做； B． fail to do未能做； C．aim to do 打算做； D． promise to do承诺做． 上文说在过去的几十年里，高温和洪水更频繁发生，本句意思是：如果我们未能大幅减少温室气体排放，在接下来的几十年里，这些极端气候的频率和强度或预计将大幅增加．股选B．‎ ‎9． B． 考查名词． A． taxes税收； B．effects 影响；C． viewpoints观点； D． comments评论． 句意：这对航空的影响是广泛的．故选B．‎ ‎10． A． 考查动词． A． flood淹没；B．rot 腐烂，腐败；C．repair 修理；D．transfer 转移，转让，转学，转车． 句意理解：很多机场都是在海平面附近建造的，这使它们有可能在海平面上升的情况下发生更频繁的洪水．故选A．‎ ‎11． D．考查名词． A．standard 标准； B．efficiency 高效；C． distribution分布，分配； D． comsuption消费，消耗．句意理解：强风将迫使航空公司和飞行员改变飞行长度和航线，可能会增加燃油消耗．故选D．‎ ‎12． A．考查动词． A． consider考虑； B． avoid避免；C．maximize 最大化；　D．demonstrate证明，显示． 句意理解：经济的许多部门，包括航空工业，还没有认真考虑气候变化的影响． 故选A．‎ ‎13． C． 考查形容词． A．greater 更大的； B．different 不同的； C． lasting持久的； D．‎ ‎ direct直接的．句意理解：机场建设和飞机设计都需要几十年的时间，而且影响深远．lasting effects　持久的/深远的影响．故选C．‎ ‎14． D． 考查名词．A． airports机场； B． products产品； C． contracts合同；D． replacements代替，代替品．句意理解：今天最新的飞机很可能在四五十年后才能飞起来，并且它们的替代品现在正在设计中．故选D．‎ ‎15． B． 考查动词短语． A． sneeze at 藐视，轻视； B．respond to对…做出回应； C． recover from从…中恢复； D． result in 导致．句意理解：这些适应措施甚至可能包括以创新的方式大幅减少整个航空业的气候变化排放，这将有助于减少这一问题，同时也有助于应对这一问题．故选B．‎ ‎【点评】完形填空解题步骤：首先要通读全文，掌握大意；然后逐句阅读，分析每句话的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项， 最后复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏．‎ Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the onethat fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎17．（8分）Flu is killing us． The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face， let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future． Yes， we have an annual vaccine （疫苗）， and everyone qualified should get it without question． The reality， however， is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines． And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years． We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine．‎ ‎ In the U．S． alone， seasonal flu can cause up to 36million infections， three﹣quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56，000 deaths． We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves， our loved ones and our communities ‎ Why not？ We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time． So as individuals， we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and destaff the services we need to protect us．‎ ‎ The risk of continued foot dragging is huge． In a severe widespread disease， the U．S． health care system could be defeated in just weeks． Millions of people would be infected ‎ by the virus， and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak．‎ ‎ The cost of preventing epidemics （流行病） is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with themwhen they hit． In 2012， a call was issued for an annual billion﹣dollar U．S． commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine． Six years later， the search for a universal vaccine remains seriously underfunded．‎ ‎ The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction． As soon as headlines about the flu are going to hospitals are emptied of flu patients， and school and workplace absence rates decline， we go back to business as usual．‎ ‎ Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu．They need your quick and decisive support to succeed． Your action today may be a matter of life and death for you and your loved ones ‎（1）The problem of the current flu vaccines is that　D　．‎ A． they are not available every year B． most Americans are not allowed to get them C． not everyone is qualified for them D． many people still catch flu after getting them ‎（2）What does the author mean by "continued foot dragging" in Paragraph 4？　C　‎ A． Hospitals cannot meet the needs of patients during flu outbreaks．‎ B． The leaders continue to drag the feet of the patients infected with flu．‎ C． Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention．‎ D． Flu will certainly become a severe widespread disease in the near future．‎ ‎（3）What can be inferred from the passage？　C　‎ A． Science is currently not so developed as to keep us safer from flu．‎ B． The death rate from flu is much higher than that from other diseases．‎ C． The general public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention．‎ D． Developing a universal flu vaccine will cost more than dealing with flu．‎ ‎（4）The author wrote the passage mainly to　B　．‎ A． teach people more effective ways to fight against flu B． call on people to take flu outbreaks far more seriously C． encourage medical scientists to develop more flu vaccine D． urge the government to publicize the risks of widespread flu ‎【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文为社会文化类阅读，文章通过介绍目前的流感趋势，旨在呼吁人们更加重视流感疫苗，给予流感爆发更多的关注．‎ ‎【解答】1﹣﹣4 DCCB ‎1． D． 细节题．根据第一段，And theflu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effectivein the worst years． We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine可知，流感病毒不是很有效，所以我们急切需要更加有效的流感病毒．所以本题答案是D． The problem of the current flu vaccines is that many people still catch flu after getting them． 人们打了疫苗依然会得流感．故选D．‎ ‎2． C．细节题．根据第三段，第四段，We arenot investing the resources needed to protect ourselves， our loved ones and ourcommunities． We haven't been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in along time． So as individuals， we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and distaff the services we need to protect us可知，政府对疫苗资金投入不足，且人员配备也不足．然而我们并没有引起足够重视．而作为个人，我们放松了警惕，因为我们的领导人在悄悄地撤资，并拒绝提供我们需要保护的服务．所以选C．Individuals aren't alert enough to the underinvestment in flu prevention个人对流感预防投资不足不够警觉．故选C．‎ ‎3． C．推断题． 根据最后一段， Leading scientists and public health officials have the capability to keep us much safer from flu．They need your quick and decisivesupport to succeed． Your action today may be a matter of life and death for youand your loved ones可知，领先的科学家和公共卫生官员有能力让我们更安全地远离流感．他们需要你的快速和决定性的支持才能成功．你今天的行动对你和你所爱的人来说可能是生死攸关的．推断出C． The eneral public is partially to blame for the neglect of flu prevention． 如果公众非常关注疫苗，那么情况会更好．故选C．‎ ‎4． B．主旨题．文章目的是希望人们更加重视疫苗．政府可以投入更多来改善疫苗且提高疫苗的质量．所以答案是B． callon people to take flu outbreaks far more seriously． 文章旨在号召人们足够重视流感的爆发．故选B．‎ ‎【点评】‎ 阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面．阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力．考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质．‎ ‎　　抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法．主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾． 主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案．‎ ‎18．（6分）‎ How to get your tax refund ‎ At the store ‎ Get a Global Blue Tax Free Form． If you do not have a SHOP TAX FREE Card， see "How to fil in your Tax Free Forms"．‎ ‎ Make sure your Tax Free Form is filled in before arriving at the point of departure．‎ ‎ Remember no refund without：‎ ‎ Completed Receipts Customs ‎ Form attached validation （验证）‎ ‎ At the point of departure ‎ For non﹣EU residents only ‎ Goods carried in checked﹣in luggage：‎ ‎ 1． Check your luggage in at the check﹣in counter， tell the check﹣in clerk you need it back for Customs purposes．‎ ‎ 2． Take the labelled luggage to Customs， show the goods， and have your Tax Free Forms stamped ‎ 3． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate refund service provider ‎ Goods carried in hand luggage：‎ ‎ 1． Go to Customs after passport control， show the goods， and have your Tax Free Forms stamped． Please note： Customs clearance of goods in hand luggage can only take place at the last EU airport before you finally leave the EU．‎ ‎ 2． Cash in your stamped Form at the appropriate bank counter or post it to the appropriate refund service provider．‎ ‎ Allow time for the refund process． Go to Customs before or after check﹣in， see Refund Office list． Present your completed Tax Free Forms， receipts， passport， and purchased ‎ items to get a stamp．‎ ‎ Go to a Refund Office displaying the Global Blue logo （标识）． Receive your refund paid to your credit card within five days or in cash．‎ ‎ In a rush？ Mail your stamped and completed Tax Free Forms and receipts back to us in the envelope provided and get your refund paid to your credit card within three weeks．‎ ‎ *EU： European Union ‎（1）Whom is the above information intended for？　D　‎ A． EU residents who want to get their tax refunded．‎ B． Non﹣EU residents who are going to travel in EU．‎ C． EU residents who have Global Blue Tax Free Forms．‎ D． Non﹣EU residents who are leaving EU after purchases．‎ ‎（2）To get your tax refund， you need to　C　 after having your luggage checked in if you've put your purchased goods in your check﹣in luggage．‎ A． show your purchased goods to the check﹣in clerk B． cash in your stamped Form at the check﹣in counter．‎ C． take back your luggage to the Customs to get a stamp D． go to the Customs to fill in a form without the luggage ‎（3）What can be learned from the passage？　A　‎ A． It's a must to attach the receipts to the form to get your tax refund．‎ B． It's unnecessary to show your passport to the Customs for a stamp．‎ C． You can get your refund in cash after posting your form if in a hurry．‎ D． You can get your refund by credit card at once at the appropriate counter．‎ ‎【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】这篇文章是写给那些购物后要离开欧盟的非欧盟居民，提供退税的手续．‎ ‎【解答】1．D．细节理解题．根据文章的信息At the point of departure；For non﹣EU residents only可知，这篇文章是写给那些购物后要离开欧盟的非欧盟居民．故选D．‎ ‎2．C．细节理解题．根据 Goods carried in checked﹣in luggage：这部分的Take the labelled luggage to Customs， show the goods， and have your Tax Free Forms stamped可知要将行李带到海关得到一个邮戳．故选C．‎ ‎3．A．细节理解题．根据倒数第三段的 Present your completed Tax Free Forms， receipts， passport， and purchased items to get a stamp．可知，要是退税的话需要提供护照．故选A．‎ ‎【点评】阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．‎ ‎19．（8分）A portrait created by artificial intelligence， or Al， made a historic appearance on the auction （拍卖） block at Christie's in New York City this week． It is the first artwork created by an algorithm （算法） to be offered for auction in the world of fine art．‎ ‎ The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432，500 on Oct． 25 in New York City．‎ ‎ The portrait designed in the "Old Master" style of European fine artists from centuries ago appears to represent a man with a vague face， dressed in clothing similar to that worn by people painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century．‎ ‎ Of course， a computer didn't automatically pick up a brush and become an artist． The Al that created the image had human programmers﹣ a Parisian art collective called Obvious， Christie's reported． Their cooperation， titled "Portrait of Edmond De Belamy，" is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch ﹩7，000 to﹩10，000， according to Christie's．‎ ‎ To create the portrait， the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries， to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art， Obvious artist Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré told Christie's． The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other． called the Generator （that makes the art） and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human﹣created and Al﹣created images）， Caselles﹣Dupré explained； they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN）， Caselles﹣Dupré explained．‎ ‎ GAN's final image was then printed and framed， according to Obvious． At the bottom of the portrait is a mathematical formula （公式） representing the algorithm that created it， a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator， Obvious artists wrote on the collective's website．‎ ‎ The goal of the painting and of Obvious， also co﹣founded by Hugo Caselles﹣Dupré and Gauthier Vernier， was to prove "artificial intelligence can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing it can be creative．，" Consumer News and Business Channel reported．‎ ‎ Portraiture is a tough task for Al to take on， according to Christie's， "since humans are highly accustomed to the curves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be．" This difficulty was part of Obvious' thinking when they created the portrait．‎ ‎ "Edmond de Belamy" is one of eleven Al paintings made by Obvious．‎ ‎（1）It can be learned from the passage that the portrait "Edmond de Belamy"　A　．‎ A． was sold at an unexpectedly high price B． was the first artwork sold at an auction C． is a painting created by means of brush D． is a man who once appeared at the auction ‎（2）To create a portrait， Al needs to　A　．‎ A． learn from plenty of images B． use an algorithm with many parts C． work against human painters D． recognize its human programmers ‎（3）What can be concluded from the passage？　B　‎ A． The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless．‎ B． The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativity．‎ C． It is more difficult for Al to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait．‎ D． Al is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human．‎ ‎（4）The passage mainly tells us that　B　．‎ A． Al will soon replace man in some fields B． an Al﹣created portrait sells high at an auction C． a proper algorithm is the key for Al to create car D． Al﹣created paintings are better received at auctions ‎【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本周，由人工智能（或称人工智能）创作的一幅肖像在纽约市克里斯蒂拍卖行的拍卖大楼里历史性地出现了．这是由算法创造的首幅艺术品，将在美术界拍卖．‎ ‎【解答】1．A 细节理解题．根据第一段The odd﹣looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark coat left the auction block at Christie's for ﹩432，500 on Oct． 25 in New York City．一幅穿着深色外套的虚构男子的古怪画像于10月25日在纽约市以432500英镑的价格离开了克里斯蒂拍卖行．可知这幅画以意想不到的高价出售了，故选A．‎ ‎2．A 细节理解题．根据第四段To create the portrait， the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15.000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries，为了创作这幅肖像，显而易见的团队首先给这个网络提供了15000幅在14世纪和20世纪之间绘制的图象，可知AI要了解大量的图象，故选A．‎ ‎3．B 推理判断题．根据第五段介绍 The algorithm that eventually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other． called the Generator （that makes the art） and a Discriminator （that tries to spot the difference between human﹣created and Al﹣created images）， Caselles﹣Dupré explained； they called this Al "generative adversarial network" （GAN）， Caselles﹣Dupré explained．原始图象有两个部分相互对立，一个叫做"生成器"（创造艺术），另一个叫做"判别器"（试图分辨人为生成的图象和al生成的图象之间的区别），他们称之为"生成性对抗网络"，他解释道．在肖像的底部是一个数学公式，代表创造它的算法，这是对生成器和判别器之间关系的一种肯定，显然艺术家在集体的，可知这幅画像是为了证明算法能够模仿创造力而制作的．故选B．‎ ‎4．B 主旨大意题．本文介绍由人工智能（或称人工智能）创作的一幅肖像在纽约市克里斯蒂拍卖行的拍卖大楼里历史性地出现了．这是由算法创造的首幅艺术品，将在美术界拍卖．可知由算法创造的首幅艺术品高价拍卖，故选B．‎ ‎【点评】主要考查考生阅读所给材料，理解其中词语、句子或片段含义的能力．有时涉及对全文意思和篇章结构的理解，对一些问题作出推理和判断 Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ ‎20．（6分）‎ A． It's that long﹣term exposure that experts find most worrisome．‎ B． Car manufacturers are unaware of standards regulating air quality inside new cars．‎ C． This is when components are still unstable and tend towards what is called off﹣gassing．‎ D． Just reading a list of the substances is scary enough， and the danger of exposure is scarier still．‎ E． The source of the smell so many buyers find appealing is in the various substances used in car construction F． Fortunately， high concentrations of these compounds gradually disappear just a few months after manufacture．‎ Is New﹣car Smell Bad for Your Health？‎ ‎ The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms， for which there's a good reason． That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals， some of which can be highly poisonous．‎ ‎ （1）　E　 Many of these contain volatile （挥发性的） organic compounds （VOCs）， some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities． Others are just bad for you．‎ ‎ "It's a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances，" said Jeff Gearhart， Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan． The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years， and has noted some improvement． But Gearhart says there is still work to be done．‎ ‎ "There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles，" he said． "Since these chemicals are not regulated， consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face．"‎ ‎ （2）　D　 Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches， dizziness， etc．， depending on the sensitivity of an individual．‎ ‎ According to the US Environmental Protection Agency， continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣or even cancer．‎ ‎ The danger is the greatest when the car is new， and that new car smell is most noticeable． （3）　B　 It is the release of chemical vapours， which leads to the smell． Heat ‎ from a vehicle left in the sun car make matters worse， and speed up the chemical reaction． The danger is reduced over time， and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months．‎ ‎ Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated （通风的）， especially during the first six months of ownership． Park in the shade with the windows open when it's safe to do so， or at least try to air it out before getting inside﹣especially on not days．‎ ‎【考点】PF：选句填空．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了新车的味道对你的健康有害．‎ ‎【解答】1﹣3 EDB ‎1．E．细节理解题．根据下文" Many of these contain volatile organic compounds ， some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities其中许多含有挥发性有机化合物，其中一些数量足够致命"．可知此处应填"许多买家觉得这种气味很吸引人的地方在于汽车制造中使用的各种物质"．故选E．‎ ‎2．D．推理判断题．根据下文"Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches， dizziness， etc．，立即出现的症状包括喉咙痛、头痛、头晕等． "．可知此处应填"光是阅读这些物质的清单就已经够吓人的了，而接触这些物质的危险更可怕．"．故选D．‎ ‎3．B．推理判断题．根据上文" The danger is the greatest when the car is new， and that new car smell is most noticeable新车的危险是最大的，新车的气味是最明显的"．可知此处应填"汽车制造商不知道新车内部的空气质量标准．"．故选B．‎ ‎【点评】"七选五"这样的题型，主要目的在于"考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握．解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词．文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项．这些技巧多练练就能孰能生巧．‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎21．（8分）Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passagein no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．‎ Take Care of Your Spine （脊柱）‎ ‎ The spine stands at the center of your health， providing your body with structure and support． It also contains your spinal cord， a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain． Therefore， it's important to take care of it．‎ ‎ Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy． Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight， except for its natural curves． Posture comes into play even when you're asleep． Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions． Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn't comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day．‎ ‎ Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine． Staying still for too long even if your posture is good﹣ can be hard on your back． Especially if you work at a desk most of the day， it's important to get up and stretch periodically． Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions． Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine． However， don't overdo the exercise， as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine．‎ ‎ Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves． In particular， B vitamins help keep nerves healthy， so you may want to consider taking a． supplement （补充物）． Another important factor is vitamin D， which is essential for strong bones， but． it's also absorbed from sunlight， so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside．‎ ‎【考点】R5：读写任务作文．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】高分句型一：From the passage，we know that it's of great importance to look after the spine， because it provides your body with structure and support．‎ 译文：从这篇文章中，我们知道照顾脊柱非常重要，因为它为你的身体提供了结构和支撑．‎ 分析：这句话使用宾语从句，because引导原因状语从句．‎ 高分句型二：At last ， what also affects the health of your spine is diet， because of many ‎ vitamins， which are necessary for bones and nerves．‎ 译文：最后，影响你脊椎健康的还有饮食，因为许多维生素对骨骼和神经是必需的．（‎ 分析：这句话使用主语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句．‎ ‎【解答】From the passage，we know that it's of great importance to look after the spine， because it provides your body with structure and support．（高分句型一） （保护脊柱的重要性） For one thing， to keep your spine fit you should keep good posture． （好的姿势） For another， exercise also plays an important role in the health of your spine．（锻炼） At last ， what also affects the health of your spine is diet， because of many vitamins， which are necessary for bones and nerves．（高分句型二） （饮食）‎ ‎【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．‎ V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎22．（4分）科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应．（adaption）　Scientists marvel at the rapid adaptation of these plants to the urban environment．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应：Scientists marvel at the rapid adaptation of these plants to the urban environment ‎【解答】答案：Scientists marvel at the rapid adaptation of these plants to the urban environment．该题考查汉语词汇的英语表达．使适应…adapt to 这里用他的名词形式adaption，故填Scientists marvel at the rapid adaptation of these plants to the urban environment ‎【点评】做翻译填空题，首先要了解汉语表达的意思．其次结合语法知识，如时态、语态、词形变化等进行作答．最重要的是要熟练掌握常用词组、句型和习惯搭配．‎ ‎23．（4分）我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．（enough）　My sister's class notes are always clear enough tolearn．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然，值得学习．‎ ‎【解答】My sister's class notes are always clear enough to learn．根据句意和所给部分可知这里使用：形容词+enough+不定式的结构．不定式作结果状语．‎ ‎【点评】对于汉译英，解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意，在读懂句子的基础上，结合提供的特定的语言环境去分析．要解决好该题型，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．‎ ‎24．（4分）那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生．（originate）　The characters that originated from ancient Chinese literature have been reborn in this online game．　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生 The characters that originated from ancient Chinese literature have been reborn in this online game．‎ ‎【解答】答案：The characters that originated from ancient Chinese literature have been reborn in this online game．该题考查汉语词汇的英语表达．源自于：originated from ，故填The characters that originated from ancient Chinese literature have been reborn in this online game．‎ ‎【点评】做翻译填空题，首先要了解汉语表达的意思．其次结合语法知识，如时态、语态、词形变化等进行作答．最重要的是要熟练掌握常用词组、句型和习惯搭配．‎ ‎25．（4分）经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的．（independent）　Economic globalization is the inexorable trend of economic development， and it is independent　‎ ‎【考点】Q2：汉译英．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势，它是不以人类的意志为转移的 Economic globalization is the inexorable trend of economic development， and it is independent．‎ ‎【解答】答案：Economic globalization is the inexorable trend of economic development， and it is independent．该题考查汉语词汇的英语表达．经济发展的必然趋势： the inexorable trend of economic development；不以人类的意志为转移的，意指independent．故填Economic globalization is the inexorable trend of economic development， and it is independent．‎ ‎【点评】做翻译填空题，首先要了解汉语表达的意思．其次结合语法知识，如时态、语态、词形变化等进行作答．最重要的是要熟练掌握常用词组、句型和习惯搭配．‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎ ‎26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given belowin Chinese．‎ 中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见．假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1﹣2个学校社团发表意见．你的邮件需包括：‎ ‎＞你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因：‎ ‎＞提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议．‎ 注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校．‎ ‎【考点】R1：提纲类．菁优网版权所有 ‎【分析】高分句型一：First of all， poet's club play a positive role in improving students' appreciation of literature， while painting club enables the students develop all around．‎ 译文：首先，诗人俱乐部对提高学生的文学鉴赏力起到了积极的作用，而绘画俱乐部则使学生全面发展．‎ 分析：while连接并列句．‎ 高分句型二：Besides， some students are too absorbed in the club to spare time to study．‎ 译文：此外，有些学生太沉迷于俱乐部而没有空闲时间学习．‎ 分析：这句话使用too…to…句型．‎ ‎【解答】Dear Mr．Lin．‎ There are many club organized by our school， such poet's club， painting clubs， singing and dancing groups， etc．‎ These activities organized by these club provide students with many advantages． First of all， poet's club play a positive role in improving students' appreciation of literature， while painting club enables the students develop all around． 【高分句型一】（你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因）However， due to the heavy study burden，the activities in the club are not enough to meet the students' needs． Besides， some students are too absorbed in the club to spare time to study． 【高分句型二】In my opinion， our school should teach the students in the club how to balance studies and the activities．（解决措施）‎ Yours，‎ Wan Min ‎【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．‎ 声明：试题解析著作权属菁优网所有，未经书面同意，不得复制发布 日期：2019/4/18 7:50:37；用户：qgjyuser10050；邮箱：qgjyuser10050.21957750；学号：21985056‎