高考短文改错复习专题 7页

高考短文改错复习专题 ‎ 高考短文改错技巧，答题技巧总结 ‎ 1. 名词：主要是查名词是否可数，‎ ‎ 与其修饰语是否一致。‎ ‎1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.‎ Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。‎ 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy.‎ 3) ‎ exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。‎ ‎3) Reading books is one of my hobby. ‎ ‎ one of 后的名词应用复数形式。‎ ‎2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。‎ ‎1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.‎ 前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him. ‎ ‎2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.‎ 先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。‎ ‎3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改 错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.‎ ‎1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…‎ letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.‎ ‎2) I like playing the football. 去the ‎ ‎3) He is a honest boy. a改为an ‎4.介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、‎ ‎ 形容词、名词的搭配，‎ 介词惯用词组等是否正确。‎ ‎1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.‎ ‎ thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.‎ ‎2) …I’m the happiest in all.‎ 此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.‎ ‎3) Under the help of my father, I … ‎ ‎ under 改为 with 4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. ‎ ‎ 去掉in ‎ ‎5， 形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。‎ ‎1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名 ‎2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.‎ 此处有I’ve ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.‎ ‎3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.‎ ‎4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰 ‎6，连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否 符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题 平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , ‎ not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。‎ ‎1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. ‎ 由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。 ‎ ‎2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.‎ 根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。‎ ‎7，动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误 包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动 词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。‎ ‎1) 动词的时态、语态错误 ‎ a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.‎ take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.‎ ‎ b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.‎ ‎ 根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。‎ c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. ‎ ‎ playing改为 play; for 改为with ‎2) 易混动词使用错误 a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.‎ ‎ persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he ‎ didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改 persuaded为 advised.‎ b. You please rise your hands.‎ ‎ rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用 ‎ raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。‎ ‎3) 非谓语动词使用错误 a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.‎ look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.‎ b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.‎ 在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.; ‎ keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.‎ c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.‎ to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.‎ ‎8，词语固定搭配:‎ 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。‎ ‎1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.‎ keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.‎ ‎2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.‎ ‎ To one’s surprise 是固定搭配 ‎3) I thought that was dull to watch a game…(NMET2019)‎ 此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。‎ ‎4) …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析： ‎ not only… but also…为固定结构，故将and 改为but.‎ ‎5) I have no difficulty learn maths.‎ have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构 ‎6) He spends too much time play games.‎ spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构 ‎ 规律：181 比例（即多一词1个；缺一词1个；错词 8 个）‎ ‎【热点题型】‎ 题型一 名词和冠词 ‎ 例1、‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 1.指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。‎ ‎2. 冠词a， an和the的用法错误．‎ ‎【热点题型】[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]‎ 题型二 动词 例2、‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 1.谓语动词主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。 ‎ ‎2． 非谓语动词　‎ ‎（1）非谓语动词细辨别 ‎①不定式 ‎②动名词作主语、宾语 ‎③and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致 ‎④现在分词和过去分词的区别等 ‎ ‎（2）名词动词的修饰词 ‎①修饰名词、系动词要用形容词；‎ ‎②修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词；‎ ‎③比较级和最高级的使用。‎ ‎④形容词的ed形式与ing形式 ‎【举一反三】‎ ‎【热点题型】‎ 题型三 连词 例3、I’m sorry， and I won’t be able to come tonight .‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎ 连词but，and，or， so和although等的用法错误．‎ ‎【举一反三】‎ ‎【热点题型】‎ 题型四 代词 例4、‎ ‎ [来源:]‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ ‎1.人称代词的误用 ‎2.人称代词格的误用 ‎3.反身代词的误用 ‎【热点题型】‎ 题型五 从句引导词 例5、‎ ‎【提分秘籍】‎ 复合句中从句的关系词或引导词运用是否得当 ‎【举一反三】‎ ‎(1) 2019年（全国卷I）‎ Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut off the use of energy in our country. To begin with, all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need. That won't easy, I know，but we have to start anywhere. What's more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn less oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one else was there? ‎ ‎(2) 2019年（全国卷II）‎ Dear Editor,‎ I’m writing to tell you opinion about water saving. Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, no drinking water should left running. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water for which is quite a lot, and that will save much water. ‎ Sincerely, Li Hua ‎(3) 2019年新课标1‎ I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. ‎ ‎(4) 2019年新课标2‎ The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain．It is said to have started in the early 1800’s．Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night．This custom soon becomes another meal of day．Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain（瓷器）industry．Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles．When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits．This made for the grow in the porcelain industry．‎ ‎(5) 2019年 (全国一卷）‎ My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. ‎ We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. ‎ It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.‎ ‎(6) 2019年 (全国二卷）‎ Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.‎ ‎(7) Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden. Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbours.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! ‎ ‎(8) My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting. ‎ One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.‎ That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity ‎(9) Dear Jeremy and Alice，‎ Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbours, we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo.‎ We're called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.‎ We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.‎ ‎(10) My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn't need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with afterschool activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.‎ My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.‎