全国近五年高考英语真题—语法填空 15页

‎2015～2011年各省市高考题 Passage 1　(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Yangshuo，China ‎ It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours 2 ，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with 3 (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.‎ ‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting).Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.‎ ‎ Yangshuo 7 (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 8 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　桂林山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲桂林。作者讲述了从香港去阳朔旅游时的所见。‎ ‎1.解析　考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。‎ 答案　arrived ‎2.解析　考查副词的用法。由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，‎ 由此可知before/earlier符合句意。‎ 答案　before/earlier ‎3.解析　考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。‎ 答案　its ‎4.解析　考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/ which。‎ 答案　that/ which ‎5.解析　考查名词的复数。“so many＋复数名词”为一常用短语。‎ 答案　paintings ‎6.解析　考查介词的固定用法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by＋交通工具名词”为一固定短语。‎ 答案　by ‎7.解析　考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。‎ 答案　is ‎8.解析　考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conducted by...意为“由……所做的”。‎ 答案　conducted ‎9.解析　考查副词的用法。该词修饰谓语动词arrange，故要用其副词形式。‎ 答案　regularly ‎10.解析　考查现在分词短语作后置定语的用法。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。‎ 答案　living Passage 2　(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to “air condition”a house without 4 (use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day： 7 the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9 (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。‎ ‎1.解析　考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。‎ 答案　built ‎2.解析　考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。‎ 答案　the ‎3.解析　考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。‎ 答案　ability ‎4.解析　考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。‎ 答案　using ‎5.解析　考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。‎ 答案　slowly ‎6.解析　考查固定句式的用法。“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。‎ 答案　to cool ‎7.解析　考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。‎ 答案　at ‎8.解析　考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。‎ 答案　goes ‎9.解析　考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。‎ 答案　natural ‎10.解析　考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。‎ 答案　how Passage 3　(2015·福建)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。‎ ‎ Sometimes we have disagreements with people.When this (1)h ， the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument.Here (2) my tips for you.‎ ‎ The (3)f thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.‎ ‎ Imagine you are a student and you share a flat (4) another student who you think isn't doing her share of the housework.If you say, “Look, you never do your share of the housework.(5) are you going to do about it？”， the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.It's much more (6) (有帮助)to say something like, “I think we had (7)b have another look about how we divide up the housework.Maybe there is a better way of dealing with it.”‎ ‎ My second piece of (8)a is simple.If you're the person who is in the wrong, just admit it! This is the easiest and best way to avoid an argument.Just make ‎ an (9) (道歉), and move on.The other person will have more respect for you (10) the future if you do that.‎ ‎ 答案　1.happens　2.are　3.first　4.with　5.What　6.helpful/beneficial　7.better　8.advice　9.apology　10.in Passage 4　(2015·湖南)‎ ‎ Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.‎ ‎ Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, 1 you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you don't have to go to 2 library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet 3 print the copies needed.Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 4 always rely just on the Internet for your research.‎ ‎ While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become 5 complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed 6 the amount of information. You need to learn 7 to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, 8 need to check the accuracy of it.‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　随着电脑和因特网的出现，研究变得既简单又复杂。一方面，我们不必像以往一样在书中搜索资料，这为我们提供了极大的方便；另一方面，网络中众多的资料良莠不齐，选择准确的信息使我们的工作变得愈加复杂。‎ ‎1.解析　考查状语从句。根据句意，如果你有了电脑，你可以通过上网获得所需的信息。‎ 答案　if ‎2.解析　考查冠词。go to the library去图书馆；in the library 在图书馆。‎ 答案　the ‎3.解析　考查连词。and 连接并列谓语find和print。‎ 答案　and ‎4.解析　考查情态动词。根据上文你应该(should)查阅不同的资料。‎ 答案　shouldn't ‎5.解析　考查形容词比较级。参见上文第一句more complex。‎ 答案　more ‎6.解析　考查介词。be overwhelmed with 面临，陷入。‎ 答案　with ‎7.解析　考查疑问词。根据句意，你需要学习如何分类并找到特定任务的相关信息。how to do 是含有疑问词的不定式，在此处作宾语。‎ 答案　how ‎8.解析　考查代词。参见上文You need to learn how to sort throug...‎ 答案　you Passage 5　(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎ Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?‎ ‎ In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 1 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎ But the river wasn't changed in a few days 4 even a few months.It took years of work 5 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.‎ ‎ Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?‎ ‎ While there are 8 (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 10 (patience).‎ ‎1.解析　文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。‎ 答案　was ‎2.解析　修饰动词caught，用副词actually“实际上”。‎ 答案　actually ‎3.解析　most outstanding是最高级，前面需要加the。‎ 答案　the ‎4.解析　河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。‎ 答案　or ‎5.解析　这里考查固定句型：It takes some time to do sth“做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce。‎ 答案　to reduce ‎6.解析　根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。‎ 答案　cleaner ‎7.解析　habit是先行词，故用that/which引导定语从句。‎ 答案　that/which ‎8.解析　是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories，而amazed指“人感到吃惊的”，用来修饰人。‎ 答案　amazing ‎9.解析　根据句子的谓语“are”可知主语应为复数。‎ 答案　changes ‎10.解析　根据空格前系动词“be”可知这里应为形容词。‎ 答案　patient Passage 6　(2014·广东) ‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。‎ ‎ Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready.‎ ‎ After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week， 4 for the week after.I didn't understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What's worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was 7 (surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren't charged extra.‎ ‎ The next day，my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little 10 (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。‎ ‎1.解析　在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。‎ 答案　it ‎2.解析　在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早的做的事，所以用比较级。‎ 答案　earlier ‎3.解析　由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ 答案　were told ‎4.解析　根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not...but...结构。‎ 答案　but ‎5.解析　意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。‎ 答案　why ‎6.解析　charge...for...是习惯搭配。‎ 答案　for ‎7.解析　因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。‎ 答案　surprisingly ‎8.解析　特指“在顶楼”。‎ 答案　the ‎9.解析　先行词是地点the beach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (＝on which ＝and on the beach ＝and there)。‎ 答案　where ‎10.解析　在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是burnt或burned。‎ 答案　sunburnt/sunburned Passage 7　(2014·福建)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。‎ ‎ Many of us were raised with the saying“Waste not，want not.”None of us，(1)h ，can completely avoid waste in our lives.‎ ‎ Any kind of waste is thoughtless.Whether we waste our potential talents，our own time，our limited natural (2) (资源)，our money，or other people's time，each of us can become more aware and careful.The smallest good habits can make a big (3)d .It's a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our (4)b in a world that is in serious trouble.By focusing on (5) (节省)oil，water，paper，food，and clothing，we are playing a part (6) cutting down on waste.‎ ‎ We must keep reminding (7) (自己)that it is easier to get into something (8) it is to get out of it.Actually，severe damage (9)d to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.It's time for us to (10) no to waste so that our grandchildren's children will be able to develop well.We can't solve all the problems ‎ of waste，but we can encourage mindfulness.‎ ‎ Waste not!‎ ‎1.解析　句意：然而，在我们的生活中，没有人能完全避免浪费。位于句中，前后都有逗号，用副词，所以填however。‎ 答案　however ‎2.解析　作waste的宾语，故用名词形式，且用名词复数。‎ 答案　resources ‎3.解析　句意：最小的好习惯也会起作用。make a difference是固定用法，意思是有影响，起作用。‎ 答案　difference ‎4.解析　do one's best是固定用法，意思是尽某人最大的努力。‎ 答案　best ‎5.解析　介词on之后用动词的－ing形式。‎ 答案　saving ‎6.解析　play a part in是固定用法，意思是“在……中起作用”。‎ 答案　in ‎7.解析　句意：我们必须不断地提醒我们自己，所以填反身代词ourselves。‎ 答案　ourselves ‎8.解析　这里进行比较，所以用比较句式，故填than。‎ 答案　than ‎9.解析　“严重危害”和“作用于”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ 答案　done ‎10.解析　句意：是时候对“浪费”说不了。It is time for sb to do sth是固定用法，意思是“是时候做某事了。”‎ 答案　say Passage 8　(2014·湖南)‎ ‎ Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.‎ ‎ We can choose our friends，but usually we cannot choose our n eighbors.However，to get a happy home life，we have to get along with 1 as well as possible.‎ ‎ An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for 2 .People should not do things 3 will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.For example，television sets need not be played at full volume (音量) 4 loud pop music should not be played very late at night.By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors，you can enjoy 5 friendly relationship with them.‎ ‎ An equally important quality is tolerance.Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people， 6 there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable. 7 neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their tolerance.In this way，everyone will live 8 peace.‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　我们可以选择朋友，却无法选择邻居；因此处理好邻里关系至关重要。该篇文章主要说明如何处理好邻里关系。‎ ‎1.解析　根据句式结构此处缺少get along with的宾语，根据上下文句意所填词汇应是前文提到的neighbors，故用代词them。‎ 答案　them ‎2.解析　根据句式结构此处缺少介词for的宾语，应填名词或代词，根据下文意思可以总结出“好邻居的重要品质是为他人着想”，故填others。‎ 答案　others ‎3.解析　分析结构可知此句中需要填的是定语从句的引导词，先行词是things指物，在从句中做主语，故用that/which。‎ 答案　that/which ‎4.解析　此处缺少连词，根据句意可知上下文是并列加顺延的关系，故用and。‎ 答案　and ‎5.解析　此处考查冠词。relationship此处作可数名词，且第一次出现，用a。‎ 答案　a ‎6.解析　此处缺少连词。根据语境：“邻居们应该尽其所能避免打搅别人，但有时一些搅扰是不可避免的”。此处上下文是转折关系，故用but。‎ 答案　but ‎7.解析　此处缺少连词。根据句意：“‎ 如果邻居们想要和睦相处他们应互相忍让。”所填词汇应能引导条件状语或时间状语从句，故用If或When。‎ 答案　If/When ‎8.解析　此处考查固定短语的介词搭配。根据句意，这样，大家都能和平共处，故用in，“in peace”和平地。‎ 答案　in Passage 9　(2013·广东)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。‎ ‎ One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he 1 (find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much 2 too little.”‎ ‎ His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much，Father，but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money？”‎ ‎ “That would be a very 4 (reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.‎ ‎ Nick's guests, 5 had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”‎ ‎ “But such a small thing couldn't 8 (possible) destroy a village.”‎ ‎ “In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always 10 (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　本文通过Nick叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明，一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。‎ ‎1.解析　动词时态。在主格人称代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境可知用一般过去时。‎ 答案　found ‎2.解析　并列连词。nor构成并列连词neither...nor。‎ 答案　nor ‎3.解析　连接副词。why not do sth (何不做某事)？是固定句式。‎ 答案　why ‎4.解析　词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。‎ 答案　reasonable ‎5.解析　非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是人，故填who。‎ 答案　who ‎6.解析　介词。因名词a low price在句中不作主语、动词的宾语，应为介词的宾语；根据习惯搭配，用介词at。‎ 答案　at ‎7.解析　介词。show respect for表示尊重。‎ 答案　for ‎8.解析　副词。修饰谓语动词作状语，用副词。‎ 答案　possibly ‎9.解析　不定冠词。a small amount of(少量的)是固定搭配。‎ 答案　a ‎10.解析　非谓语动词。因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。‎ 答案　thinking Passage 10　(2011·广东)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。‎ ‎ One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front.He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be 5 (mental) disabled.‎ ‎ Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk，but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.‎ ‎ I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him 8 his own either.‎ ‎ After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had 9 amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.‎ ‎ I'm glad I made the choice.It made 10 of us feel good.‎ ‎ 【语篇导读】　作者上了公交车后，发现一个患有精神病的人。作者会怎样做呢？‎ ‎1.解析　later在此表示“随后”。‎ 答案　later ‎2.解析　until表示“直到”，即朋友们陪着我一直等到车到站。‎ 答案　until ‎3.解析　分析句子结构可知，这里应该用sit的现在分词sitting作宾语补足语。‎ 答案　sitting ‎4.解析　根据全文内容可知，这是描述过去的事情，因此要用一般过去时。‎ 答案　pretended ‎5.解析　mentally是mental的副词形式，用来修饰形容词disabled。‎ 答案　mentally ‎6.解析　whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词other people。‎ 答案　whom ‎7.解析　根据前半句话中的he可知，这里应该用he作主语。‎ 答案　he ‎8.解析　leave sb on one's own意思是“让某人单独留下”。‎ 答案　on ‎9.解析　conversation是可数名词，其前的形容词amazing是以元音音素开头的，因此这里要用不定冠词an。‎ 答案　an ‎10.解析　根据文章内容可知，这里填both符合语境。这让我们两个人都很快乐。‎ 答案　both ‎ 文章的材料是一篇200词左右的短文或对话。难度适中，符合高中中等学生的阅读水平。有10个试题数，分值15分。从考查内容来看，试题分为给提示词和不给提示词两种。给出提示词的包括：词形的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换)，形容词比较级与最高级的变化，名词单复数的变化，动词的时态、语态及词形的变化等；不给出提示词的包括：根据上下文的语境填入冠词、连词、代词、副词或名词等。另外，给出的提示词较多(4～7个)，考查词形变化的考点偏多。未给出提示词的空处有填实词的考点，每空只填写一个词，挖空一般比较均匀。‎