高考试题——英语福建卷 15页

‎2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（福建卷）‎ 英 语 第Ⅰ卷 （选择题 共115分）‎ 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节 ‎（共5小题，每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：How much is the shirt?‎ A. ￡19. 15 B. ￡9. ‎15 C. ￡9. 18‎ 答案是B。‎ 1. What do the speakers need to buy?‎ A. A bridge B. A dinner table C. A few chairs ‎2. Where are the speakers?‎ A. In a restaurant B. In a hotel C. In a school ‎3. What does the woman mean?‎ A. Cathy will be at the party B. Cathy is too busy to come ‎ C. Cathy is going to be invited ‎4. Why does the woman plan to go to town?‎ A. To pay her bills in the bank B. To buy books in a bookstore ‎ C. To get some money from the bank ‎5. What is the woman trying to do?‎ A. Finish some writing B. Print an article C. Find a news paper 第二节 （共15小题：每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. What is the man doing?‎ A. Changing seats on the plane ‎ B. Asking for a window seat C. Trying to find his seat ‎7. What is the woman a sent number?‎ A. ‎6A B. 7B C. ‎‎8A 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。‎ ‎8. Why doesn’t the woman take the green T-shirt?‎ A. It’s too small B. It’s too dark C. It’s too expensive ‎9. What does the woman buy in the end?‎ A. A yellow T-shirt B. A blue T- shirt C. A pink T- shirt 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10. How long has the man been in London?‎ A. To lead a city life B. A few years C. To find a job ‎12. Where did the woman come from? Ks5u A. London B. Arnside C. Lancaster 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎13．What is a daypack?‎ A. A box B. A bag C. A lock ‎14. What surprises the girl at school? Ks5u A. A lot of discussion in class. Ks5u B. Teachers giving little homework Ks5u C. Few students asking questions in class Ks5u ‎15. At what time of the school term does the conversation most probably take place? Ks5u A. At the end of it B. In the middle of it C. At the beginning of it Ks5u ‎16. What do we know about the girl? Ks5u A. She is new to the school Ks5u B. She writes for the school newspaper Ks5u C. She seldom asks questions in class Ks5u 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 Ks5u ‎17. What does Mr Henry Stone do? Ks5u A. A bank clerk B. A teacher C. A writer Ks5u ‎18. What does Henry like doing at airports? Ks5u A. Watching people B. Telling stories C. Reading magazine Ks5u ‎19. What did Henry learn from the newspaper that day ? Ks5u A. A valuable suitcase was missing B. A man stole money from a bank ‎ C. A woman ran away from home Ks5u ‎20. Why was the woman at the airport? Ks5u A. She was traveling on business Ks5u B. She was seeing the man off C. She was leaving for Greece Ks5u 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） Ks5u 第一节 单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） Ks5u 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ks5u 例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. Ks5u A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever Ks5u 答案是B。 Ks5u ‎21. –Bruce, I really appreciate your handwriting. Ks5u ‎- . Ks5u A. I practice every day B. Thank you very much Ks5u C. No, I don’t think so D. Well, it’s not good enough Ks5u ‎22. -Why does the Lake smell terrible? Ks5u ‎-Because large quantities of water . Ks5u A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted ‎ ‎23. -How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! Ks5u ‎-It’s a challenge, I guess, man against nature. Ks5u A. of B. for C. by D. about Ks5u ‎24. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently. Ks5u A. that B. when C. which D. where Ks5u ‎25. For a moment nothing happened then all shouting together. Ks5u A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come Ks5u ‎26. -Your mum is very kind. Ks5u ‎-Yeah, My mum is pretty considerate, you know what ,she always arranges everything around me. Ks5u A. she means B. you mean C. I mean D. we mean Ks5u ‎27. We are at your service. Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems. Ks5u A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek Ks5u ‎28. The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to Ks5u all nations to take immediate action. Ks5u A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on Ks5u ‎29. The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any Ks5u When the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. Ks5u A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration Ks5u ‎30. It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step masks a big difference. Ks5u A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly Ks5u ‎31. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays. Ks5u A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes Ks5u ‎32. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5u A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded Ks5u ‎33. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. Ks5u A. when B. while C. after D. since Ks5u ‎34. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. Ks5u A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked Ks5u ‎35. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. Ks5u A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won Ks5u ‎ Ks5u 第二节 完形填空（共20小题：每小题1. 5分，满分30分） Ks5u 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ks5u Children find meanings in their old family tales. Ks5u When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about bow his grandfather, a banker, 36 all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times 37 his strong-minded grandfather was nearly 38 , he loaded his family into the car and 39 them to see family members in Canada with a 40 ,“there are more important thins in life than money. ” Ks5u The 41 took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a 42 house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was 43 that his children ,a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren’t 44 , their reaction echoed （共鸣） their great-grandfather’s. What they 45 was how warm the people were in the house and how 46 of their heart was accessible. Ks5u Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children 47 hard times. Storytelling expects say the phenomenon reflects a growing ‎48 in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in a storytelling events and festivals. Ks5u A university 49 of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to Ks5u 50 parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety. Ks5u The 51 is telling the stories in a way children can 52 . We’re not talking here about the kind of story that 53 , “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow. ” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s 54 , and make eye contact （接触） to create “a personal experience”,. We don’t have to tell children Ks5u ‎55 they should take from the story and what the moral is . ” Ks5u ‎36. A. missed B. lost C. forgot D. ignored Ks5u ‎37. A. when B. while C. how D. why Ks5u ‎38. A. friendless B. worthless C. penniless D. homeless Ks5u ‎39. A fetched B. allowed C. expected D. took Ks5u ‎40. A. hope B. promise C. suggestion D. belief Ks5u ‎41. A. tale B. agreement C. arrangement D. report Ks5u ‎42. A. large B. small C. new D. grand Ks5u ‎43. A. surprised B. annoyed C. disappointed D. worried Ks5u ‎44. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Instead D. Otherwise Ks5u ‎45. A. talked about B. cared about C. wrote about D. heard about Ks5u ‎46. A. much B. many C. little D. few Ks5u ‎47. A. beyond B. over C. behind D. through Ks5u ‎48. A. argument B. skill C. interest D. anxiety Ks5u ‎49. A. study B. design C. committee D. staff Ks5u ‎50. A. provide B. retell C. support D. refuse Ks5u ‎51. A. trouble B. gift C. fact D. trick Ks5u ‎52. A. perform B. write C. hear D. question Ks5u ‎53. A. means B. ends C. begins D. proves Ks5u ‎54. A. needs B. activities C. judgments D. habits Ks5u ‎55. A. that B. what C. which D. whom Ks5u 第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） Ks5u 阅读下列段文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将项涂黑。 Ks5u A Ks5u Only three local students won Chinese Blog（博客） Competition. And 15 of the 18 awards want to students from China. Ks5u ‎170 students’ task: to get a fully-designed blog up and running , complete with many posting based on a theme of choice—all written in Chinese. Ks5u Themes ranged from local opinions－such as the usage of Singlish, education and whether Singapore can be a cultural centre－to food blogs. Ks5u The entries were judged on Language proficiency（ 熟练程度）and the quality of writing, as well as the design and level of exchanging ideas with readers. Ks5u Academics from the National University of Singapore and the SIM University IT experts, and a journalist from Chinese newspaper Lianhe Zaobao in Singapore made up the judges. Ks5u In the end, only three Singaporean students made it to the award list—the rest of the awards ‎ were swept up by students from China. Ks5u ‎“No surprise. ”said Mr. Chow Yaw Long, 37 , teachers in charge from Ianova Junior Collage, which organized the event. “Although the topics were local subjects, the foreign students were generally better in terms of the content of the posts and their grasp of the Chinese language. ” Ks5u One of the three local students winning the first prize in the Best Language Award was blogger Christina Gao 19, from the Saint Andrew’s Junior Collage, who spared no effort in researching for and writing her blog. Each entry took her between five and seven days to produce, complete with pictures and even podcasts （播客） Ks5u Her advice for bloggers is: Be responsible Ks5u ‎“Some bloggers out there only seek to blame the authorities and other bloggers.” Said Miss Gao. “I think they lack responsibilities and there is no value to their posts.” Ks5u ‎56. The competition was organized by Ks5u A. the National University of Singapore B. Chinese newspaper Lianhe Zaobao Ks5u C. Innova‎ ‎Junior College D. the Saint Andrew’s Junior College Ks5u ‎57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? Ks5u A. Chinese students won most of the awards. Ks5u B. Not all the themes were about local subjects Ks5u C. The blogs could be written in Chinese or Singlish. Ks5u D. The judges were from university in Singapore and China. Ks5u ‎58. What Miss Gao said suggests that Ks5u A. she likes to blame the authorities B. she has a sense of responsibility Ks5u C. she thinks highly of the others’ blogs D. she loves to read valuable posts Ks5u ‎59. The passage in mainly about Ks5u A. how Chinese students won the awards in the competition Ks5u B. why bloggers should take responsibility for their blogs Ks5u C. how Miss Gao won the first prize in the competition Ks5u D. what the result of the competition was Ks5u B Ks5u Foreign drivers will have a pay on-the-spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried our next month. Ks5u If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will clamped（扣留）until they pay law takes effect ,because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty. In practice, very few foreign drives are likely to return to Britain to deal with their eases. Ks5u Foreign drivers are rarely charged because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court, Instead, officers often merely give warnings. Ks5u Three million foreign-registered vehicles enter Britain each year . Polish vehicles s make up 36 percent, French vehicles 10 percent and German vehicles 9 percent. Ks5u Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more vehicles entre Britain each year. Polish vehicles make up 36 percent. French crashes caused by foreign vehicle rose by 47 percent between 2003 and 2008. There were almost 400 deaths and serious injuries and 3,000 slight injuries form accidents caused by foreign vehicles in 2008. Ks5u The new Law is party intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry divers ignoring limits to weight and hours at the wheel. Foreign Lorries are throe times more likely to be in a crash than British Lorries. Recent spot checks found that three quarters of Lorries that failed safety teats were registered overseas. Ks5u The standard deposit for a careless driving offence —such as driving too close to the vehicle in front or reading a map at the wheel—will be ￡300. Deposits for speeding offences and using mobile phones will be ￡60. Foreign drivers will not get points as punishment added to their licenses, while British drivers will. Ks5u ‎60. The first paragraph serves as a（n） Ks5u A. explanation B. introduction C. comment D. background. Ks5u ‎61. The foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be forted up to . Ks5u A. ￡60 B. ￡‎300 C. ￡900 D. ￡980 Ks5u ‎62. We can learn from the passage that . Ks5u A. many foreign drivers have been fined by Britain police Ks5u B. 300,000German vehicles enter Britain every year Ks5u C. 25percent of foreign vehicles entering Britain have failed safety tests Ks5u D. British drivers will be punished with points and fines for breaking the traffic law Ks5u ‎63. The new traffic law is mainly intended to . Ks5u A. limit the number of foreign vehicles entering Britain Ks5u B. increase the British movement’s additional income Ks5u C. lower the rate of traffic accidents and injuries Ks5u D. get foreign drives to appear in count Ks5u ‎ Ks5u C Ks5u ‎ Ks5u ‎14days from just ￡2,090pp Ks5u Fully inclusive from the UK Ks5u Price cover international airfares, departure taxes, fuel charge, local transportation all meals, entrance fees, guides, daily tours and visas for UK citizens. Ks5u ◆ Days 1-3 UK-Shanghai Ks5u Fly to the great city of shanghai and in the evening sample traditional shanghai food. Visit the beautiful YU Garden, Old‎ ‎Town. Shanghai Museum, cross the Great‎ Nampa ‎Bridge and tour the Pudong area. Also explore Xintiandi with its ‎1920’‎s style Smkomen buildings and end your stay in shanghai with an amazing Huangpu river evening tour. Ks5u ◆ Days 4-7:Shanghai-Yangtze‎ ‎River Tour Ks5u Fly to yichang and change （approx: one hour）to board your Yangtze River ship for the next four nights. Enjoy a tour of the three Gorgee Dam（三峡大坝）before sailing on the grand Yangtze River ,passing through the impressive Three Gorges. We take a side tripe to the lesser Three Gorges or travel up the shennong Stream in a peapod boat and enjoy various shore trips along the way. Ks5u ◆ Day8 :Chongqing—chengdu Ks5u Get off in Chongqing and drive to Chengdu for an overnight stay. Ks5u ◆ Day9-10;Chengdu-xi’an Ks5u Visit the famous Panda Reserve to see the lovely animals We then fly to the bistoric city of xi’an for two nights stay and enjoy traditional Shuijiao. Next day, explore one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century—the Terracotta Warriors（兵马俑），followed by the ancient City wall and a performance of Tang Dynasty dancing. Ks5u ◆ Day11-13:xi’an-beijing Ks5u Visit little wild goose pagoda and see the ancient objects at the well-kowm Shanxi provincial museum before walking through the lively militia Quarter to see the Great Mosque. Later fly to Beijing for three nights stay and try Peking Duck. During our stay in Beijing, we stroll through Tiananmen Square to the Forbidden city, the largest and best preserved collection of ancient buildings in china, and visit the summer palace. Next day we take a walk on the Great wall, tour the unique Temple‎ of ‎Heaven and enjoy an attractive Chinese Acrzibatio show. Ks5u ◆ Day14:Beijing-UK Ks5u Fly back to the UK, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories. Ks5u ‎64. The underlined word “sample” in the passage probably means “ ” Ks5u A. buy B. reserve C. taste D. make Ks5u ‎65. The first and last scenic spots to he visited in xi’an are . Ks5u A. the Terracotta Warriors and the Great Mosque Ks5u B. the Terracotta Warriors and shanghai provincial Museum Ks5u C. little wild goose Pagoda and Great Mosque Ks5u D. Little wild goose Pagoda and the Muslim Quarter Ks5u ‎66. Which of the following is TRUE according to the ad ? Ks5u A. The tourists will have to pay extra for fuel and meals. Ks5u B. The tourists will visit the ‎1920’‎s Shikumen buildings in Beijing Ks5u C. The tourists will take a side trip to the Three Gorges Dam during the tour. Ks5u D. The tourists will stay in Beijing for three nights before leaving for the UK Ks5u ‎67. The ad is mainly intended to . Ks5u A. encourage the British to travel in China Ks5u B. attract the British to traditional Chinese food Ks5u C. offer service of booking air tickets to tourists Ks5u D. provide the British with a better understanding of China. Ks5u D Ks5u Find Which Direction Is ‎South Ks5u Do you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way. Ks5u It’s never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted（委托）with the job of map-reading actually knows where the family is. You can tell by the slightly confused load on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The shu is shining and it’s still morning. If you don’t know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but you’ll need to be patient. Ks5u ‎①Find a straight sick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow. Ks5u ‎②Try to position the stick as vertically（垂直）as you can. You can check this by making a simple plumb line （铅锤线）with a piece of string and weight. You haven’t got any string? OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight. Ks5u ‎③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick. Ks5u ‎④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again. Ks5u ‎⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks. Ks5u ‎⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south. Ks5u ‎⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick. Ks5u ‎⑧That point is south of where you are. Ks5u ‎⑨Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling. ‎ ‎68. To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because Ks5u A. it is not easy to find a proper stick B. it is not easy to position the stick Ks5u C. it takes hours to make the marks D. it takes about half an hour to make the marks Ks5u ‎69. The passage would probably be most helpful to . Ks5u A. those who draw maps B. those who get lost Ks5u C. those who make compasses D. those who do experiments Ks5u ‎70. Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south? Ks5u ‎ Ks5u ‎71. The author presents this passage by . Ks5u A. telling an interesting story B. describing an activity in a lively way Ks5u C. testing an idea by reasoning D. introducing a practical method Ks5u E Ks5u We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets. Ks5u Not long age. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is bending up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. Ks5u We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2. . We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household（家庭）produces about 150 pounds of CO‎2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars. That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But ‎ how much should we try to reduce? Ks5u For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said. Ks5u Good advice, I thought. I’d opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened. We should not let this happen again. It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary. Ks5u ‎72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? Ks5u A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. Ks5u C. To lose weight D. To improve their health Ks5u ‎73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to Ks5u A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points Ks5u ‎74. It can be inferred from the passage that Ks5u A. it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time Ks5u B. it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2 Ks5u C. the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO‎2 a month Ks5u D. the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO‎2 a month Ks5u 第Ⅱ卷 Ks5u 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分） Ks5u 第一节 短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Ks5u 阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上。所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。 Ks5u Mr. Smith offers us some advice on how to write a good Ks5u Composition, which i the following steps. Ks5u Firstly, we should read the topic c and organize our ideas. 77. Ks5u Then we start to shape our thoughts our own word and finish 78. Ks5u our writing in the g time. After that, we have to check our 79. Ks5u compositions, paying attention to （语法）and spelling. It is very 80. Ks5u important to read them aloud to （自己）or someone else form 81. Ks5u to end. Lastly, we had better ask our teachers or classmates for 82. Ks5u advice on how to improve our writing. If （可能）, we may leave 83. Ks5u them alone for some time before reading again, will help a 84. Ks5u great deal. I hope you will b a lot from the advice above. 85. Ks5u 第一节 书面表达（满分25分） Ks5u 某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现向癸未征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。 Ks5u 注意： Ks5u 1. 根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯； Ks5u 2. 词数：120左右 Ks5u I Want to Smile Ks5u ‎ Ks5u ‎ Ks5u 参考答案 Ks5u ‎1-5 CBACA 6-10 CBACB 11-15 CBBCC 16-20 ACABB 21-25 BDADB Ks5u ‎26-30 CBCAC 31-35 DBAAB 36-40 BACDD 41-45 ABDCB 46-50 ADCAB Ks5u ‎51-55 DCCAB 56-60 CABDB 61-65 DDCCA 66-70 DACBA 71-75 DBCBA Ks5u ‎76. includes 77. carefully 78. in 79. given 80. grammar Ks5u ‎81. ourselves 82. beginning 83. possible 84. which 85. benefit Ks5u ‎ Ks5u One Possible Version Ks5u There are many advantages of smiling. It can not only make us happy, but also please others. If we smile at life, life will smile on us in return. So I want to smile at all whenever and wherever possible, Ks5u First, I would like to smile at my parents because they have given me life and take all the trouble to bring me up. They arrange almost everything for me. With their help, I have made great progress. I would like to say “Thank you” to them with a smile. Then my smile should go to myself, for only in this way can I gain more confidence in smiling my troubles away and live a better life. Ks5u In a word, let’s greet every day with a smile. Tomorrow is another day. Ks5u