高考英语简单句 6页

简 单 句 ‎【要点提示】‎ ‎1、感叹句：感叹句有两个基本句式句式：‎ ‎ 1）What + N. phrase + subject + be / v. !‎ ‎ 这里的名词短语有以下三种可能：a、 a / an + adj. + 名词单数 b、adj. + 名词复数 c、adj. + 不可数名词 e.g. What a lovely boy he is! What sweet flowers they are!‎ ‎ What cold weather it is!‎ ‎ 2) How + adj. + the + N.(单数、复数、不可数)+ subject + be / link-v.‎ e.g. How lovely the boy is! How sweet the flowers are!‎ ‎ How could the weather is! How smooth the silk feels!‎ ‎ 另：上两种感叹句可以相互转换 有时, 在上下文明确的情况下，可以省略How后面的形容词。‎ e.g. How (fast / well)the students work! How well / beautifully)she sings!‎ ‎2、反意疑问句：‎ ‎1) 反意疑问句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原则。‎ e.g. He likes playing football, doesn’t he? ‎ ‎ You don’t watch TV in the evening, do you? ‎ 注：a、当前否后肯时，要注意它的答局的意思。‎ e.g. She doesn’t speak English, does she? ‎ Yes, she does.(不，她讲英语的) No, she doesn’t. (是的，不讲)‎ ‎ 2）祈使句的反意部分用won’t you?/ shan’t we? 或will you?/ shall we? 但常用will you?/ shall we?‎ e.g Lend me a hand, will you? Let us pass through the room, will you?‎ ‎ Don’t make any noise, will you? Let’s play tennis now, shall we?‎ ‎ 3）含有否定意思的副词：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely 等，属于准否定词，用于句中时，该句即为否定句。‎ ‎ e.g. He hardly goes home on Sundays, does he?‎ ‎ The little boy seldom tells lies, does he?‎ 但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等词，虽然也有否定意思，但由于它们是在一个词前加前缀dis- / im- / un- 等或在词后加后缀 -less构成的，不属于准否定词。当这些词用于句中时，该句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。‎ e.g. You dislike the way he speaks, don’t you?‎ ‎ It is impossible to finish the work in three hours, isn’t it?‎ ‎ 4) must 表示推测时，反意部分用must后面的动词的相应助动词形式。‎ e.g. He must know both English and French, doesn’t he?‎ ‎ She must have know the answer to the question, hasn’t she?‎ ‎ They must have visited the farm last week, didn’t they?‎ ‎ 注意：a、Let me引起的祈使句，反意部分用will you? / won’t you? / may I。‎ ‎ b、当陈述部分的主语是：—body或—one 构成的不定代词时，反意部分的主语用he或they；是—thing 时，用it。‎ ‎ c、I am ….. 的反意部分用aren’t I?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3、双宾语：有些英语动词可以接双宾语，句式为： subject + vt. + sb.(间接宾语)+ sth.（直接宾语） 英语中，能接双宾语的常用动词有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish…. 。‎ ‎ e.g. Can I ask you a question, Sir? She made me a model ship for my birthday.‎ ‎ 注：带双宾语的句子可以被改为 subject + vt. + sth(直接宾语)+ 介词 + sb. 的形式。‎ ‎ 其中的介词，常用的有：to、 for、 of ….。归纳如下：‎ hand owe pay post promise read return send show teach…‎ sth.‎ ‎ to ‎ sb.‎ boil buy draw choose earn find gather order save sing …‎ ‎ sth.‎ ‎ for ‎ sb.‎ ask request demand ‎ ‎ sth.‎ of / from ‎ sb.‎ ‎ 另还有：play a joke / trick on sb ; play a game with / against sb.‎ ‎ e.g. Excuse me, you demand too much from / of me.‎ ‎ May I ask a question of you?‎ ‎4、句型：Subject + link-v. + n. / adj.‎ ‎ 在该句型中的系动词有特定含义，有“人称、数、时态”等形式变化。常用的有：‎ ‎ 显得：look , appear , seem ‎ ‎ 变得：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , run , turn ‎ ‎ 持续是：continue , keep , remain , stand , stay ‎ 听（闻、尝、摸）起来：sound, smell, taste, feel ‎ 证明是：prove ‎ ‎ e.g. His words proved right. The dish smells wonderful.‎ ‎5、有些动词不表示动作，而表示事物的特性，用主动形式表示被动含义，这类动词有： wash, write, sell, drive, feel, hang….等。‎ ‎ e.g. Some pictures are hanging on the wall. ‎ ‎ This kind of car drive smooth and fast.‎ ‎ The pen writes well so sells well.‎ ‎【各个击破】‎ ‎1. ______ nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? ‎ ‎　A. How B. How a C. What a D. What ‎2. —Nothing wrong with it, _____? ‎ ‎ —No. Yours is a special-built model. Drive carefully, though. It takes time to run in a new car.‎ ‎ A. is it B. has it C. are they D. is there ‎3. He had little idea that it was getting so late, _______? ‎ ‎ A. didn’t he B. wasn’t it C. did he D. was it ‎4. Polly must be unhappy without me, _____ she?‎ ‎ A. must B. is C. mustn’t D. isn’t ‎5. I’m late, ____?‎ ‎ A. am I B. am not I C. aren’t I D. aren’t you ‎6. Let’s go to the cinema, ____?‎ ‎ A. shall we B. will you C. will we D. don’t we ‎7. —— She didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?‎ ‎ —— ____, though she was not feeling very well.‎ ‎ A. No, she didn’t B. Yes, she didn’t C. No, she did D. Yes, she did ‎8. —— Alice, you feed (喂) the bird today, ____ ? ‎ ‎—— But I fed it yesterday.‎ ‎ A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you ‎9. The boy is unlike his mother, ____ he?‎ ‎ A. is B. isn’t C. doesn’t D. does ‎10. Do be careful when you cross the street, ____ you?‎ ‎ A. don’t B. aren’t C. will D. must 习惯用法 ‎【要点点拨】‎ 1. It’s the first time that……….(从句中用现在完成时)‎ It was for the first time that………(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调)‎ It’s (high) time that……..(从句中用过去时或should do)‎ 2. It’s the same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此（用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词）‎ ‎3.…be about to do / be doing……when…….正要做/正在做……就在那时…….‎ ‎4 A is twice / three times as +原级+as B A is twice / three times the n. of B.‎ ‎ A is twice / three times +比较级+than B ‎5. I t’s a waste of time / money doing / to do…‎ It’s no use / good doing………‎ It’s possible / probable / (un) likely that……….‎ It makes great / no sense to do……做某事很有/没意义 ‎6. There’s no use / good doing…….‎ There’s no sense / point (in) doing……‎ There is no need for sth. / to do…….‎ There is (no) possibility that…………（同位语从句）‎ ‎7.The+比较级…….., the+比较级………越…….., 越…….‎ 注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时；‎ ‎8. It seems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb…….在某人看来某人………‎ ‎.= Sb. seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……..‎ It seems / looks as if……….好象/似乎……..‎ ‎9.It (so) happened that sb. ……..某人碰巧……..‎ ‎= Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing / to have done…..‎ ‎10.It is said / thought / believed / hoped / supposed …….that sb………‎ ‎=Sb. is said to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……….(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hope sb. to do结构)‎ ‎12 …….such…….that…….如此…….以致于（引导结果状语从句）‎ ‎ …….such……..as……像……..的这种……(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表)‎ ‎13. Do you mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.?‎ ‎14. The chance is that……../ (The )Chances are that……….很可能…….‎ ‎15.Check / Make sure / See to it / See that……..(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必……..‎ ‎16. depend on it that……..取决于 ‎ see to it that…….负责/设法做到…….‎ 注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it做形式宾语；‎ ‎17． It is / was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that………‎ ‎ How / When / Where / Why is / was it that………..?‎ 注意：此句型为强调句，当被强调的为表示人的词时，还可用who连接；强调主语时，从句后的谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致；注意与定语从句的区别）‎ ‎18 .How is it that……..（这几个句型都表示“怎么会…….?” “怎么发生的？”）‎ ‎ How come+从句？‎ ‎ How does / did sth. come about? ( How did it come about that…….?)‎ 如:How come you are late again?‎ ‎19. There seems / appears / happens to be / must be / can’t be / is (are, was, were) said to be / is (are, was, were) thought to be…….‎ 表示 “.似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/ 据说有/认为有……..”‎ ‎ 介词（如of ）there being ‎ want / wish / expect there to be要/希望/期待有……..‎ ‎ adj. / adv. enough for there to be…….足够…….会有…….‎ 注意：there being / there to be为there be的非谓语形式；It is said / thought that there is / are……=There is / was / are / were said (thought) to be……. 如：‎ I have never dream of there being such a good chance for me.‎ It won’t be cold enough for there to be a frost tonight.‎ ‎20. 疑问词+插入语+陈述语序？‎ Who do you think he’ll have attend the meeting?‎ ‎21. But for+n. / pron., sb. / sth. would (not) have done…..要不是……., 某人早就……(表示虚拟语气)=If it had not been for…..,……./ If there had not been ……., ……..‎ ‎22. It won(’t) be long be fore +从句（从句中用一般现在时）不久/很久就要…….‎ ‎ It was (not) long before+从句（从句中用一般过去时）不久/很久才……..‎ ‎23. Those who………….(从句及主句中谓语动词用复数形式).‎ ‎ Anyone who…………= Whoever………..(从句及主句中谓语动词用单数形式)‎ ‎24…….主句（一般现在时或过去时）…...when从句….(might / should do 或might / should have done) 表示”对比”,意思为 “本该……(可)而却”,主句中为陈述语气,从句里为虚拟语气,如:‎ Why are you here when you should be in school?你本该上学的怎么在这儿?‎ He stopped trying when he might have succeeded .本该已成功了他却停止努力了.‎ ‎25. There is ./ Sb. have no doubt that………(同位语从句,that不可省略)‎ There is / Sb. have some doubt whether……..(同位语从句不可用if)‎ ‎ Sb. doubt if / whether…….‎ ‎ Sb. don’t doubt that………‎ ‎26 . immediately / directly / instantly / the moment +从句 ‎ on / upon + n. / doing ‎ No sooner had sb. done than …….(过去时)‎ ‎ Hardly had sb. done when……..(过去时)‎ 注意：这几个结构都表示“一…….就”；‎ ‎27. every time / each time / the last time / the first time / next time +从句（名词性短语引导一个时间状语 句）‎ anywhere / everywhere +从句（相当于wherever引导的地点状语从句）‎ You can go anywhere you like.‎ Next time you come, please bring your son along.‎ ‎28.If only / I wish +从句(用过去类时态) 表示虚拟语气, “要是…….就好了” “但愿……就好了!”‎ ‎29 .Considering + n. 或 pron. 或 that从句 / Seeing that……….考虑到/鉴于…….‎ Given + n. / pron作状语,表示 “在有……的情况下” “如果有” “假定”,有时也表示”考虑到”‎ Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there is no reason why we should help him now.‎ Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.‎ Given their inexperience / that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.‎ ‎30.There was a time when…….曾经有那么一度……….‎ ‎31.other than与no, not, none等否定词连用,表示肯定意思,如:‎ It was none other than Mr. Smith.这正是Smith先生.‎ ‎32. Not until…….did / do/ does / will sb. do……‎ It was / is not until ……that sb………‎ ‎33.It’s (un) like sb. to do / to have done……做某事很像某人/ 做某事可不像某人 ‎34.It remains to be seen Wh--words ……..是否…….还有待于看.(不用that, if作连接词)‎ ‎35.It only remains for sb. to do……剩下的只是要某人做某事.‎ We’ve got everything ready. It only remains for you to come to dinner.‎ ‎36.One moment……., and now………刚才一会儿还在做……而现在却……..‎ ‎37.Not all / both / everyone………表示部分否定 ‎38. Such is / are……..这(些)就是…….(谓语动词单复数由后面名词决定)‎ ‎39. I’d rather (not) do / have done……我宁愿…..‎ ‎ I’d rather +从句（从句中用过去时或过去完成时）‎ ‎40. It’s important / necessary / strange / surprising….+that……(用陈述语气或should do)‎ ‎41. I like / hate / appreciate it that / when等从句 (it表示后面从句的这种情况)‎ I appreciate it if you will give me a hand.‎ ‎42. By the time +从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句（将来完成时/过去完成时）‎ ‎43………., as is often the case with sb. / as is usual with sb.(as引导非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎44 in case / lest / for fear that…….(从句中用陈述语气或should do)‎ ‎45.While置于句首可表示As long as 或 Although While there is life there is hope.‎ While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones.‎ ‎46. can not ( never) ……too +adj. (adv. ) / adj. (adv.) + enough “越……越好”“非常”‎ ‎ too + adj. ( anxious / eager / willing / ready / glad等)+to do….表示肯定意思 I can’t thank you enough.我非常感激你.‎ He was too glad to see his father.=He was very glad to see his father.‎ ‎47. not / neve等表示否定的词与比较级连用表示最高级，如：‎ ‎-----Do you agree with his suggestion? -------I can’t agree more.‎ ‎48. What if……..要是…….怎么办？‎ What if he doesn’t come tomorrow?‎ ‎49. more……..than与其…….不如……..‎ He is more nervous than frightened. ‎ ‎50. It is / has been +一段时间+since从句(从句中如为延续性动词,则实际表示的意思相反)‎ It is two years since he drank.他不喝酒已两年了.‎ ‎【各个击破】‎ 1. Mr. Smith didn’t understand ______ made his son so upset this morning.‎ A. what was it B. why it was this C. how that was D. what it was that 2. ‎-----Did you have a good sleep last night?‎ ‎----Yes, never sleep _______.‎ A. badly B. better C. worse D. best 3. We are only _____ glad to do anything we can _______ her.‎ A. too; to help B. very; help C too; help D. very; helping 4. ‎-----How come you are late for class again?‎ ‎-------_____________.‎ A. Because I missed the bus B. By bus and then on foot C. Please excuse me D. It’s quite wrong 5. ‎_______more than 3,000 languages in the world.‎ A. There are thought to be B. There is thought to be C. They are thought to be D. It is thought to be 6. ‎-----George is a wise person.‎ ‎-----But in my opinion, he is ______ than wise.‎ A. cleverer B. braver C. more brave D. less brave 7. ‎-----So can I ask you a few fairly straightforward questions about yourself?‎ ‎-----No problem. I like ________ when people are open and direct.‎ A. that B. this C. it D. them 8. ‎----______I move the picture over here?‎ ‎----I suppose it’ll look better.‎ A. How if B. What about C. How about D. What if 9. China has produced ______ this year as it did in 2002.‎ A. as twice much steel B. twice steel as much C. twice as much steel D. as much steel twice ‎10.-----_______was it ______ you discovered the secret of his?‎ ‎ ------Totally by chance.‎ A. How; when B. What; that C. What; when D. How; that ‎11.-----Who on earth could it be?‎ ‎ ------It was _______ other than Clint Eastwood.‎ A. none B. nothing C. not D. nobody ‎12._____his age, he did it quite well, so don’t ______ him any more.‎ A Given; blame B. Considered; say C. To regard; scold D. Considering; speak ‎13.No sooner _____ themselves in their seats in the theatre ______ the curtain went up.‎ A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; than C. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than ‎14. -----Did you meet with the famous space hero, Yang Liwei?‎ ‎ ------______I had come here earlier!‎ A. If only B. If not C. But for D. For fear ‎15.The students expected __________ more reviewing classes before the final exams.‎ A. it would be B. there being C. it to be D. there to be ‎16.Students shouldn’t be given so difficult a problem _____ they can not work out.‎ A. that B. which C. while D. as ‎17. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _______ they arrived at a lonely village.‎ A. that B. before C. since D. when ‎18.-----The exam wasn’t difficult, was it?‎ ‎ ------No, but I don’t think ______could pass it.‎ A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody ‎19.-----I always take care when doing papers on the computer.‎ ‎ -----You meant it! One can not be _______careful working on it.‎ A. too B. very C. so D. quite ‎20.-----Is Miss White working these days?‎ ‎ ------No. It is two months since she worked here.‎ ‎ ------Oh,_____________?‎ A. where is she working now B. would you please show me the way C. which is her office D. is she ill