全国统一高考英语试卷新课标Ⅰ解析 16页

‎2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)‎ 英 语 注意事项:‎ ‎1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。‎ ‎3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例:How much is the shirt?‎ A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.‎ 答案是C。‎ ‎1.Where does this conversation take place?【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎2.What does Jack want to do?【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Take fitness classes.‎ B. Buy a pair of gym shoes.‎ C. Change his work schedule.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎3.What are the speakers talking about?【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎4.What is the relationship between the speakers?【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. Colleges. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎5.Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ A. She might want a ticket.‎ B. She is looking for the man.‎ C. She has an extra ticket.‎ ‎【答案】A 第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎6. How long did James run his business？‎ A. 10 years B. 13 years. C. 15 years.‎ ‎7. How does the woman feel about James' situation？‎ A. Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.‎ ‎【答案】6. C 7. B 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎8. What has Kate's mother decided to do？‎ A. Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.‎ ‎9. What did Kate's mother study at college？‎ A. Oil painting. B. Art history. C. Business administration.‎ ‎10. What is Kate's attitude toward her mother's decision?‎ A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎11. What is the man doing？‎ A. Chairing a meeting.‎ B. Hosting a radio program.‎ C. Conducting a job interview.‎ ‎12. What benefits Mary most in her job？‎ A. Her wide reading. B. Her leaders' guidance. C. Her friends' help ‎13. Who will Mary talk about next？‎ A. Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her mother.‎ ‎【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎14. Why does the man seldom do exercise？‎ A. He lacks motivation.‎ B. He has a heart problem.‎ C. He works all the time.‎ ‎15. What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do？‎ A. He's an athlete. B. He's a researcher. C. He's a journalist.‎ ‎16. Why does the woman speak of a study？‎ A. To encourage the man.‎ B. To recommend an exercise.‎ C. To support her findings.‎ ‎17. How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly？‎ A. 300 minutes. B. 150 minute. C. 75 minutes.‎ ‎【答案】14. A 15. B 16. A 17. C 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】‎ ‎18. What did the scientists do to the road？‎ A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it ‎19. Why are young birds drawn to the road surface？‎ A. It's warm. B. It's brown. C. It's smooth.‎ ‎20. What is the purpose of the scientists' experiment？‎ A. To keep the birds there for a whole year.‎ B. To help students study the birds well.‎ C. To prevent the birds from being killed.‎ ‎【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Need a Job This Summer?‎ The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.‎ Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.‎ Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.‎ Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).‎ Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.‎ Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.‎ Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.‎ Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.‎ Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)‎ Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.‎ Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.‎ ‎21. What is special about Summer Company?‎ A. It requires no training before employment.‎ B. It provides awards for running new businesses.‎ C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.‎ D. It offers more summer job opportunities.‎ ‎22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?‎ A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.‎ ‎23. Which program favors the disabled?‎ A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.‎ C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.‎ ‎【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D B For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.‎ But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.‎ A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.‎ Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”‎ Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to ‎ raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.‎ ‎“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”‎ ‎24. What made Chris nervous?‎ A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.‎ C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.‎ ‎25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.‎ ‎26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.‎ A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics ‎27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?‎ A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.‎ ‎【答案】24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C C As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.‎ Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the ‎ force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.‎ It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.‎ In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.‎ ‎28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?‎ A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.‎ C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.‎ ‎29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?‎ A. Computers are much easier to operate.‎ B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.‎ C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.‎ D. Data security measures are guaranteed.‎ ‎30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?‎ A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon.‎ C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.‎ ‎31. Where is this text most likely from?‎ A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.‎ ‎【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D D During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.‎ Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.‎ Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”‎ In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”‎ Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.‎ In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.‎ ‎32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?‎ A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.‎ ‎33. What is the second paragraph mainly about?‎ A. The classification of the popular.‎ B. The characteristics of adolescents.‎ C. The importance of interpersonal skills.‎ D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.‎ ‎34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?‎ A. They appeared to be aggressive.‎ B. They tended to be more adaptable.‎ C. They enjoyed the highest status.‎ D. They performed well academically.‎ ‎35. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best—You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness ‎【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?‎ We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.‎ ‎___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.‎ Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery ‎ is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.‎ ‎___40___While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.‎ A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.‎ B. So what are you waiting for?‎ C. Being in nature refreshes us.‎ D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.‎ E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?‎ F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.‎ G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.‎ ‎【答案】36. E 37. A ‎ ‎38. G 39. C ‎ ‎40. D 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro.‎ Hearing these stories, I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.‎ However, I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons ‎ of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.‎ The best of a Kilimanjaro ____50____, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ____51____ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ____52____ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ____53____ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ____54____ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ____55____ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ____56____ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ____57____: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ____58____ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ____59____ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.‎ Does Kilimanjaro ____60____ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.‎ ‎41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring ‎42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters ‎43. A. position B. age C. face D. name ‎44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy ‎45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate ‎46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones ‎47. A. remote B. quiet C. tall D. clean ‎48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary ‎49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away ‎50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight ‎51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded ‎52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose ‎53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials ‎54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to ‎55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits ‎56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add ‎57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake ‎58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally ‎59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial ‎60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire ‎【答案】41. D 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.‎ Modern methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ___65___(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___(high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ____70____(be) stable, one ‎ is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ ‎【答案】61. that ‎ ‎62. poorly 63. of/for ‎ ‎64. to perform ‎ ‎65. have reported ‎ ‎66. belief 67. noting ‎ ‎68. higher 69. the ‎ ‎70. are 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.‎ ‎【答案】interesting→interested where→when football前面加上a but→and hardly→hard surprising→surprise player→players say→saying now→then 去掉my 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)‎ ‎72.假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 写信目的；‎ ‎2. 个人优势；‎ ‎3. 能做的事情。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 结束语已为你写好。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese Painting Exhibition which will be held in your art gallery. I think I am qualified for this job, because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood. Besides, I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings. If I am lucky enough to be chosen as a volunteer, I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese painting.‎ I would be very grateful if you could offer me the opportunity. I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua