高考英语语法复习学案无答案 5页

2019 届高考英语语法复习--------名词性从句 Identify the clauses and tell the meaning of the conjuctions. 1.That she will win the match is certain. 2.It is important that we teens should learn English. 3.It is good news that he will attend the meeting on behalf of our school. 4.It is said that our school will hold a sports meeting 5.It seems that Katy is not coming to this party. 6.I don't know why he is always late for school. 7.We all agree with what you said at the meeting. 8.My suggestion is that we should go shopping. 9.It looks as if it’s going to rain. 10.We heard the news that our team had won. 11.We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss. I.名词性从句的概念及种类 在 句 子 中 起 到 _________ 作 用 的 句 子 叫 名 词 性 从 句 。 名 词 性 从 句 的 功 能 相 当 于 ___________________,它在复合句中能够担任_________、_______________、_____________、 ________________等，因此根据它在句子中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分为 ______________从句，______________从句，______________从句，______________从句四 大类。 II. 名词性从句的引导词： I． 引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的类 别 词义 在从句中充 当的成分 附注 that 有时可以省略 whether/if 下列情况只能用 whether，不用 if：主语 从句置于句首时；介词的宾语从句。 连接 词 　 as if/ though 表语从句的引导词之一 when where how 连接 副词 　 why 源自于疑问副词，同样可与 ever 组合加 强语气。例：whenever(无论什么时 候)， wherever(无论何地)，however(无论如何)， etc. who whom whose 连接 代词 　 what 源自于疑问代词，指代人或事物。其后 可与 ever 组合加强语气。例：whoever (无 论谁)，whatever(无论什么，凡是…… 的)，whichever(无论哪一个，无论哪些) which 名词性从句的解题思路 1.(2019·江苏高考)It is often the case ________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 2.(2019·全国Ⅱ)The journey was intended to achieve more than ________Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. 3.(2019·四川)Scientists are still not exactly sure ________genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Practice: 4.(2019 全国卷 I.)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.（改错） 5.(2019·全国Ⅰ)We now realize ________ important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raising children. 6.(2019 全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how we can do during the holiday.（改 错） 名词性从句考点归纳 : 考点 1：连接词： that 与 what 的区别 1.(2019·四川高考)Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds，see through walls，or have superhuman strength may sound silly，but it actually gets to the heart of ________ really matters in your life. 2.(2019 新课标全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Conclusion: ______ 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省。 ________ 既起连接作用, 又在从句中作 主语, 宾语, 表语 (且在名词性从句中只有 what 可 作表语） 3. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. 4.(2019· 天 津 高 考 )The manager put forward a suggestion ________we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. A.连接词 that 的省略。 5.Everyone knew what happened and _____she was worried. 6.The reason lies in ____she works harder than the others do. 7.I think it necessary _______ you should read English aloud. 宾语从句中的连接词 that 在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个 that 不能省； （2）当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省掉。 （3）用 it 做形式宾语的宾语从句 单句改错 8.My suggestion is we go by bus instead of by train. 9.Athletes are awarded some money is reasonable. 10.Everyone knows the fact Taiwan belongs to China. 11.He told me he had got used to the life there and he was making progress. 12.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. B : what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一个) 1. --- Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is ? ---He may live at No. 18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of _______. 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ______ it was? 考点 2. 区别 if 与 whether 1. I don’t know __________ I’ll be free tomorrow. 2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _______ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _______ we will have enough money. 5. _______ they can do it matters little to us. 6. _____ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you. Conclusion:只能使用 whether 的情况： a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. 直接加动词不定式只能用 whether （to do） g whether or not 直接 连用时不用 if 7.It is still under discussion _________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 8.I’m not sure ______ he will come here or not. 9. This decision will have effect on ________ or not he will succeed. 考点 3. what 或 wh-ever 等引导的名词性从句 1.(2019·浙江高考)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 2.(2019 全国卷 I.)When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for ______ his family might need, he burst into tears. Conclusion:_______等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句， 而___________等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。 Practice: 3．(2019·全国Ⅱ)Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 4.(2019·浙江高考)“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.”This is ________ my mother used to tell me. 5.__________ was said here must be kept secret. 6._______ we need is more time. 7_______ has taken away my bag is unknown. 8.________ breaks the law will be punished. no matter who/what 与 whoever /whatever 判断正误：No matter who destroys the forest will be punished. Whoever destroys the forest will be punished . no matter… 只能引导状语从句，…ever 既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句. 考点 4 ：it 作形式主语,形式宾语 1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。___________________________ is a pity . 2.他来不来不重要。________________________doesn’t matter. it 作形式主语 A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 从句。 例如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。 例如：It's no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 从 句。 例如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 D.It+seem, happen 等不及物动词及短语+that 从句。 it 作形式宾语 1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that… / to do… 2) it 指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it + if 或 when 从句 3. I’ve got to make clear that he told a lie.（改错） 4.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2019 ) 5.他发现很难使别人理解他.He found _________________________________. 考点 5: 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 1. It is necessary that a college student ___________ （master）at least a foreign language. 　 The suggestion that the plan （delay） will be discussed tomorrow. 2. 我后悔应该去医院看望他的。I wish I_______________________________________.　 3. He learns English so hard as if he ____________(go)to the U.S.A. 4. I would rather they _____________(not come) tomorrow. Conclusion: (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气"(should) +do",句型有: I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that... II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that... III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that...如: It is strange that she (should) think so. 　 (2) 表 示 建 议 、 请 求 、 命 令 、 要 求 、 坚 持 等 的 名 词 性 从 句 中 要 用 虚 拟 语 气 _________________,常用的这类动词有 suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command 等。 (3) 用于宾从或表从或方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 考点 6 语序及宾从的时态和否定转移问题 1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。____________________________is still a puzzle. 2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me __________________? 3.I was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _________( happen). 4.She stared at the painting, wondering where she _______(see)_it. 5.I don't suppose anyone will volunteer，_____ _____? 6.我 相 信 他 不 会 再 犯 同 样 的 错 误 了 ______________________that he will make the same mistake. 语序应用陈述语序，且引导词一定要在从句的最前面。 ①当主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语不受主句时态的影响，可根据句子 使用不同时态。 ②当主句中的谓语动词是过去时，从句的时态也是表示过去的时态。 ③当从句表示客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句谓语时态的影响，而用一般现在时。 否定转移是指把对宾语从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词上，它必须同时满足三个条件： 1主语是第一人称 I 或 we 2主句谓语是一般现在时 3谓语动词应是 think， believe， suppose， guess， imagine 等 否定转移结构变成反意疑问句时，附加问句部分一般与从句一致。 Exercises 一、单句填空 1.(2019· 全 国 Ⅱ)Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. 2.(2019 重庆,8)We must find out 　　　Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him. 3.(2019 福建,29)—I wonder　　　Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 4.(2019 湖南,26)You have to know 　　　you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 5.(2019 新课标全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 6.(2019 四川,8)The exhibition tells us 　　　we should do something to stop air pollution. 7.Exactly　　　the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 8.(2019 北京,30)The best moment for the football star was　　　he scored the winning goal. 9.(2019 天津,14)I think　　　impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. 10.(2019 陕西,15)　　　the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 11.(2019 四川,2)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That’s　　　I was born.” 12.(2019 山东,30)It’s good to know　　　the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. 13.(2019 浙江,16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief　　　you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 14.We promise　　　attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 15.—It’s my treat today.Is there anything particular you would like to have?—　　　you choose is fine with me. 16.The photographs will show you ________________________(我们村看上去是什么样子 的)． 17.—What a mess! You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame,mum.I am　　　you have made me. 18.　　　Mo Yan had been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud. 19.He stared at the empty bottle for a while,feeling happy that he had sent the butterfly back to　　　 it belonged—nature. 20.The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand　　　they insist on going by motorbike. 二、语法填空 It was reported　1　there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning.No one saw　2　on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck but fortunately,nobody got injured.　 3　will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain　4　 the driver was guilty.　5　the police should do now is　6　they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because　7　the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was　8　the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn’t admit the fact　9　he was over-speed driving at the turning.The police doubted　10　what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.