英语高考江苏专用第一轮复习语法专题虚拟语气 7页

第十周　虚拟语气 一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气 ‎①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012·湖南高考)‎ 对不起，我太忙了。要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游。‎ ‎②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.(2012·天津高考)‎ 如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。‎ ‎③Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.(2012·安徽高考)‎ 格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。‎ 　if条件句中虚拟语气的用法 if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 表示过去情况 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 表示将来情况 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 动词过去式 were to＋动词原形 二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.(2014·北京海淀模拟)‎ 事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。‎ If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.(2014·杭州一检)‎ 要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。‎ 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ 三、省略if的倒装句 ‎①If I were at school again, I would study harder.‎ ‎→Were I at school again, I would study harder.‎ 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。‎ ‎②Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(2012·浙江高考)‎ 要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。‎ ‎③If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.‎ ‎→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.‎ 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。‎ 在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。‎ 四、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 ‎①I'm really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.(2014·湖南长郡中学等十二校二次联考)‎ 我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。‎ ‎②I would have come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.(2011·天津高考)‎ 我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。‎ 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。‎ 五、(should＋) do ...结构的虚拟语气 ‎①Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010·福建高考)‎ 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。‎ ‎②It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.‎ 人们建议会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎③My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.‎ 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。‎ ‎④We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.‎ 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。‎ ‎1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎2．用于主语从句中 在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ 六、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎①I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.‎ 我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。‎ ‎②I wish that I hadn't agreed to go to Jim's party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2014·北京东城一模)‎ 我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。‎ ‎③How I wish I could fly to the moon one day.‎ 我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球。‎ 　wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气 ‎1．对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)‎ ‎2．对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词 ‎3．对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋动词原形 七、其他句型中的虚拟语气 ‎①George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused more on its culture.‎ ‎(2010·江苏高考)‎ 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。‎ ‎②It's high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.‎ ‎(2014·浙江六校联考)‎ 是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。‎ ‎③He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.‎ 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。‎ ‎④Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's advice!‎ 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！‎ ‎1．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。‎ ‎2．在“It is (about/high)time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。‎ ‎3．as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ ‎4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。‎ 考点一 if条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎1．(2013·北京高考)If we ________ a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.‎ A．have booked　　　　　　　 B．booked C．book D．had booked 解析：‎ 选D　句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎2．(2013·天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he ________ able to speak it much better now.‎ A．will be B．would be C．has been D．would have been 解析：选B　句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气，根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选B。‎ ‎3．(2013·江苏高考)I should not have laughed if I ________ you were serious.‎ A．thought B．would think C．had thought D．have thought 解析：选C　根据题干中的“should not have laughed”可知，此处是对过去的事情的虚拟，因此if从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ 考点二 含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 ‎4．(2013·安徽高考)I ________ to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.‎ A．went B．had gone C．would go D．would have gone 解析：选D　句意：昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。but I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于if I had been available (如果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用“would/might/could/should＋have done”结构。‎ ‎5．(2011·陕西高考)I ______through that bitter period without your generous help. ‎ A．couldn't have gone B．didn't go ‎ C．wouldn't go D．hadn't gone ‎ 解析：选A　句意：假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。英语中， without, with, or, otherwise 等可构成含蓄虚拟语气，相当于条件状语从句“If it hadn't been your generous help”，表示与过去事实相反，此时句中的谓语动词应用should/could/would ＋have＋过去分词。‎ 考点三 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎6．(2013·陕西高考)My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.‎ A．should B．might C．could D．would 解析：选A　句意：我的母亲建议我们这个周末出去吃饭，换换口味。suggest表示“建议”时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。故答案为A。‎ 考点四 其他句型中的虚拟语气 ‎7．(2012·北京高考)Don't handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.‎ A．is B．were C．has been D．had been 解析：选B　句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。‎ ‎8．(2012·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he ________ something instead of just talking. ‎ A．will do B．has done C．do D．did ‎ 解析：选D　在句型 “It's high time that ...”中， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D。‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(2014·南师附中检测)I'm fed up with this wet weather. It's high time we ________ a picnic for some sunshine.‎ A．have　　　　　　　　　 B．will have C．had had D．had 解析：选D　在It's high time that ...结构中，从句中为虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should＋动词原形”，其中should不可省略，故选D。‎ ‎2．(2014·石家庄一检)—I have to go home to finish my work.‎ ‎—That's too bad. I wish you ________go with me to see a film tonight.‎ A．will B．can C．could D．should 解析：选C　wish 表示不太可能实现的愿望，wish ＋从句，从句中用虚拟语气。且此处表示对将来的虚拟，故选C。‎ ‎3．(2014·南充一检)________him not to do so, he wouldn't have made such a serious mistake.‎ A．if I persuaded B．Did I persuade C．Had I persuaded D．If I should persuade 解析：选C　根据“wouldn't have made”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，因此从句用if 引导且用过去完成时；省略if并将had提前就构成了省略if的虚拟条件句，且构成了倒装结构。‎ ‎4．I can't thank my parents ________much because without their help I________have achieved my dream.‎ A．very; couldn't B．so; shouldn't C．too; wouldn't D．that; needn't 解析：选C　句意：我怎么感谢我的父母都不过分，因为没有他们的帮助，我不会实现我的梦想。第一空，“can't ... too ...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”；第二空，由“without their help”可以判断出这里表示对过去情况的虚拟，用“wouldn't/couldn't/ mightn't＋have done”。故C项正确。‎ ‎5．(2014·无锡第一中学月考)It's everybody's desire that every effort ________to reduce the pollution in our city.‎ A．was made B．be made ‎ C．will be made D．would be made 解析：选B　desire 后的宾语从句及所在句式中的名词性从句中，均应使用虚拟语气，虚拟形式为“should ＋动词原形”，其中should 可省略，故选B项。‎ ‎6．(2014·绵阳一诊)If he had listened to his doctor's advice, he ________out of hospital now.‎ A．would have been B．would be ‎ C．is D．will be 解析：选B　句意：假如他听了医生的建议，他现在就出院了。条件句表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用“would/should/could/might ＋动词原形”。故选B。‎ ‎7．(2014·厦门毕业班考试)When my father is upset, he would rather________.‎ A．leave alone B．we left him alone C．left alone D．we leave him alone 解析：选B　句意：当我的父亲烦恼的时候，他更喜欢我们不打扰他。would rather 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语常用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。故B项正确。‎ ‎8．(2014·南京一模)We were stuck at the airport because of the heavy fog, otherwise we ________here in time for the conference.‎ A．arrived B．had arrived C．would arrive D．would have arrived 解析：选D　句意：我们因为大雾被困在机场，否则就能及时赶上这儿的会议了。otherwise“否则”，后接与过去事实相反的含蓄虚拟语气，故用would/could/might have done结构，即D项正确。‎ ‎9．(2014·江苏泗阳中学模拟)________it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match .‎ A．Were B．Would C．Will D．Should 解析：选D　根据句意可知，条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，所以要用should或were to do 结构。同时，当条件句中有助动词had, were ，should时，可以将if省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构。故选D。‎ ‎10．(2014·合肥一中月考)Antarctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I ________there!‎ A．had been B．have been C．have gone D．had gone 解析：选A　句意：一些人把南极描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了！if only 后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟应使用过去完成时，故选A项。‎ Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1．(2014·大连一模)I wish that I hadn't_told (not tell) him the truth, for everyone in my class knows it.‎ ‎2．(2014·南昌模拟)—How dangerous it was!‎ ‎—Yes, but for the passerby's quick action, the girl could/would/should/might_have_been_drowned.(drown)‎ ‎3．(2014·泰兴中学模考)He insisted that I (should)_come (come) to his office at one o'clock.‎ ‎4．(2014·南昌模拟)As many as 150 miners died in the accident. If only the mine owners had_paid (pay) enough attention to the safety measures!‎ ‎5．(2014·临沂一模)I would rather he had_given (give) a hand to lift the heavy box upstairs. However, to my disappointment, he didn't. ‎