高考英语阅读理解专项训练 47页

‎ 高考英语阅读理解专项训练 说理议论类 (一) ‎ 　　Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.” 　　Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research. 　　Here's how he explains his views. 　　1 ) Shopping fuels invention 　　It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be. 　　2) Brilliant advances 　　One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer??lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown  a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing  one hour's light cost six hours' work.  In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.  In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second. 　　3 ) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change 　　Mitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.  A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil??fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well??meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) arou nd our necks. 　　1. What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book? 　　  A. Weakness of human nature. 　　  B. Concern about climate change. 　　  C. Importance of practical thinking. 　　  D. Optimism about human progress. 　　2. How does Ridley look at shopping? 　　  A. It encourages the creation of things. 　　  B. It results in shortage of goods. 　　  C. It demands more fossil fuels. 　　  D. It causes a poverty problem. 　　3. The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________. 　　  A. oil lamps give off more light than candles 　　  B. shortening working time brings about a happier life 　　  C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles 　　  D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods 　　4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply? 　　  A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost. 　　  B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous. 　　  C. People's health is closely related to climate change. 　　  D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain. 　　答案与解析 　　1．‎ D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress...” Ridley 自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。这就是他在近期的一 本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题。故此处D项正确。 　　2．A　推理判断题。根据第一个小标题题目“Shopping fuels invention”以及其内容最后一句“The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.”可知，购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，这种情况越多，我们将会越富有。故此处A项正确。 　　3．D　细节理解题。从第二个标题内容可知，我们生活远比以前富裕，健康，长寿，人也长得高了，也比以前聪明了，其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述，故此处D项正确。 　　4.B　推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血。此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在危险。故B项正确。‎ ‎　　(二) ‎ In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive(竞争的) strategy(策略) and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed. 　　In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three??year period. 　　How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time  than  competitors  yet  performing  better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value)．Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower??quality products and services. ‎ ‎ 　　In our study, higher??performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes. 　　Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top. 　　1．What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? 　　    A．Increase the speed. 　　　      　　B．Get an advantage. 　　    C．Reach the limit.           　　D．Set a goal. 　　2．The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ________. 　　    A．spending more time and performing worse 　　    B．spending more time and performing better 　　    C．spending less time and performing worse 　　    D．spending less time and performing better 　　3．What can we learn from the text? 　　    A．How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is. 　　    B．How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces. 　　    C．Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes. ‎ ‎ 　　    D．Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit. 　　4．Which could be the best title for the text? 　　    A．Improve quality? Serve better. 　　    B．Deliver value? Plough ahead. 　　    C．Reduce time? Move faster. 　　    D．Need speed? Slow down. 　　答案与解析 　　1.B　词义猜测题。许多公司都想选择提速来获取优势，而不是达到极限或设定目标，故get an advantage正确。 　　2.D　细节理解题。由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含义：他们怎样违反商业物理规则，比做得更好的竞争对手花了更多的时间？他们不同地看待更慢和更快的意思。可知商业物理规则应是用更少的时间做得更好。故选D项。 　　3.C　推理判断题。文章主要讲述了strategic speed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也说明了这一点：运用策略速度的公司往往在必要时作出改变。故选C项。 　　4．D　主旨大意题。文章围绕speed 展开，且区分了operational speed 与 strategic speed，强调了后者的重要性，故D项正确。‎ ‎(三)‎ ‎　　Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco??guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews. 　　Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed, Mr.Lomborg's views are similar to those of some ‎ industry??funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming. 　　So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.” 　　Such one??sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”． 　　A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half??blind before a world partially exhibited by the media.  That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly. 　　1．According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics” ? 　　   A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco??guilt”． 　　   B．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet. 　　   C．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities. 　　   D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment. 　　2．Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book? 　　   A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. 　　   B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world. 　　   C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews. ‎ ‎ 　　   D．Industry??funded media present confusing information. 　　3．The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to 　　________. 　　   A．voice a different opinion 　　   B．find fault with Lomborg's book 　　   C．challenge the authority of the media 　　   D．point out the value of scientific views 　　4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? 　　   A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye. 　　   B．To warn the public of the danger of half??blindness with reviews. 　　   C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information. 　　   D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media. 　　答案与解析 　　1.B　细节理解题。从第一段第三句“他们中的一些不承认人类活动对环境造成的严重危害”可知B项正确。 　　2.A　细节理解题。从第二段第一句“那或许能解释这本书为什么这么受欢迎”及第三句“另一种解释是一些特别的利益”可知A项正确。 　　3.A　主旨大意题。前文提到很多人对有关环境问题不好的消息质疑，文章倒数第二段提到这种片面的观点应该立刻受到挑战，然而在Nature上仅仅出现了为数不多的评论，故作者在此处提到the review in Nature是为了发表不同的观点。故选A项。 　　4.D　推理判断题。本文是观点类议论文，开头部分提出了一种反面的观点，然后对此提出批判，最后点明了本文的中心——媒体应该展现一些能让公众作出明智决定的信息。这也是作者的目的所在。故选D项。‎ 广告说明类 ‎　(一) 　　Wanted, Someone for a Kiss 　　We're looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You'll work on the station's music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. 　　Father Christmas 　　We're looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit. 　　Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10∶30－16∶00. 　　Excellent pay. 　　Please contact (联系) the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne. 　　Accountants Assistant 　　When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience. 　　Wealden District Council 　　Software Trainer 　　If you are aged 24??45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited. 　　1．Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station? ‎ ‎　　A．Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100. 　　B．Mrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited. 　　C．The Enterprise Shopping Centre. 　　D．Wealden District Council. 　　2．We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who________. 　　A．is aged between 24 and 40 　　B．may do some training work 　　C．should deal with general duties 　　D．can work for about a month 　　3．Which position is open to recent school graduates? 　　A．Producer, London Kiss. 　　B．Father Christmas. 　　C．Accountants Assistant. 　　D．Software Trainer. 　　4．What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited? 　　A．One with GCSE grade C level. 　　B．One with some office experience. 　　C．One having good computer knowledge. 　　D．One trained in producing music programmes. 　　答案与解析 　　1.A　细节理解题。第一则广告招聘的是电台音乐制作人，如果你希望在电台工作，当然应与Producer Vacancies，Kiss 100联系。 ‎ ‎　　2.D　细节理解题。根据第二则广告可知，the Enterprise Shopping Centre招聘的是圣诞老人，工作的时间是从 11月24日开始，持续到12月24日，在这大约一个月的时间内，他都要在周六或者除了周日以外的其他时间工作。 　　3.C　细节理解题。根据第三则广告最后“This position is equally suitable for a school leaver”可知答案为C项。 　　4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一则广告第二句中的“You should be good at the computer”可知答案为C项。‎ (一) ‎　　Attractions 　　Do you： 　　◆Love the National Park, value it and hope to safeguard its future? 　　◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected? 　　◆Like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the Park? 　　Aims 　　The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy. We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority. 　　Activities 　　We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular  talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides. 　　We keep an eye on planning applications， Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes. We work with like??minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective.,      We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,‎ ‎　　Benefits,◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.,◆All members receive our regular News ‎ and Views.,◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.,◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale.,◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties， for those willing and able to be involved.,If interested， please complete the Application Form at www. fpnp.org. uk. 　　1. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? 　　  A. To build massive complexes for public amusement. 　　  B. To prevent possible damages to the National Park. 　　  C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. 　　  D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools. 　　2. One of the benefits for members of Friends is to ________. 　　  A. have Friends' goods free of charge 　　  B. visit any place not open to the public 　　  C. take part in work parties if they want to 　　  D. give talks in their fields on current issues 　　3．The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to ______. 　　  A. raise money for the Friends organization 　　  B. join the Friends organization and be members of it 　　  C. work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park 　　  D. enjoy the landscape of Pembrokeshire National Park 　　答案与解析 　　1．A　细节理解题。根据Activities这部分内容的第二段第一句可知，为公众娱乐大兴土木是对国家公园的威胁，是该机构要阻止的行为。 　　2.C　细节理解题。根据Benefits这部分内容的第五条可知，该机构成员享有的权益之一就是参加工作组。 ‎ ‎ 　　3.B　推理判断题。文章介绍了Friends这一机构的亮点、目标、活动以及该机构成员享有的权益等，显然，作者的目的是想邀请更多的有志之士加入进来，成为其中的一员。‎ (一) ‎　　Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home. 　　What to Expect 　　The host will provide accommodation and meals.Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week.You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health. 　　Accommodation Zones 　　Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system.Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的) .Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area.It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground. 　　Meal Plans Available 　　◇　Continental Breakfast 　　◇　Breakfast and Dinner 　　◇　Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner 　　It's important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee.Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England.Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee. 　　Friends 　　If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host's permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home ‎ as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy. 　　SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes 　　Accommodation on a room??only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long??stay student.However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much. 　　1．The passage is probably written for ________. 　　   A．hosts willing to receive foreign students 　　   B．foreigners hoping to build British culture 　　   C．travellers planning to visit families in London 　　   D．English learners applying to live in English homes 　　2．Which of the following will the host provide? 　　   A．Room cleaning.　　　　　　    　　B．Medical care. 　　   C．Free transport.      　　D．Physical training. 　　3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? 　　   A．Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2.    　　B．The business centre of London is in Zone 1. 　　   C．Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre. 　　   D．Accommodation in the city centre is not provided. 　　4．According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include? ‎ ‎ 　　   A．Dessert and coffee.      　　B．Fruit and vegetables. 　　   C．Bread and fruit juice.      　　D．Cereal and cold meat. 　　5．Why do some people choose self??catering accommodation? 　　   A．To experience a warmer family atmosphere. 　　B．To enrich their knowledge of English. 　　   C．To entertain friends as they like. 　　   D．To enjoy much more freedom. 　　答案与解析 　　1.D　主旨大意题。由第一段第一句可知，Homestay为学习英语的学生提供在课堂外说英语的机会和成为英国家庭成员的体验。再结合文章的内容可 推知这篇文章不是为愿意接受英国学生的主人写的，也不是为那些希望建设英国文化的外国人以及计划参观伦敦家庭的参观者写的。大概是为那些申请在英国人家中 居住的英语学习者写的。 　　2.A　细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知A项的叙述符合题意。主人能够提供的东西主要在第二段进行论述，该段并没有告诉读者主人将为入住者提供医疗护理、免费交通和身体训练。 　　3.B　推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句可知Zone 3和Zone 4不像Zone 2那么拥挤，由此排除A项；第二句只说明人们不喜欢居住在市中心，并没有说人们不去市中心，由此排除C项；本段只是提到市中心拥挤，并没有说到居住在市中 心的家庭不为学生提供食宿，由此排除D项。 　　4.C　细节理解题。由第四段中的Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice，cereal，bread and tea or coffee可知，A项、B项和D项的叙述是错误，只有C项中的Bread and fruit juice是里面的内容。故选C项。 　　5.D　细节理解题。由最后一段第二句中的This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle可知Self??Catering Accommodation 能够为住宿者提供更多的自由，这与D项的叙述一致。A项、B项和C项的内容均没有在最后一段提及，故排除。‎ ‎　　(四) ‎ ‎　　Winners Club 　　You choose to be a winner! 　　The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has heen made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account (交易账户) where you receive a key??card so you can get to your money 24/7－that's 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! 　　It's a club with impressive features for teenagers： 　　●No account keeping fees! 　　You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees! 　　●Excellent interest rates! 　　You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits (储蓄) without taking them out in a month. 　　●Convenient 　　Teenagers are busy—we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet ...You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part??time job! 　　●Mega magazine included 　　Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members. 　　The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key??card) but it is easy. We can't wait to hear from you. It's the best way to choose to be a winner! ‎ ‎ 　　1．The Winners Club is a bank account intended for________. 　　A．parents 　　B．teenagers 　　C．winners 　　D．adults 　　2．Which of the following is TRUE about the Winners Club? 　　A．Special gifts are ready for parents. 　　B．The bank opens only on work days. 　　C．Services are convenient for its members. 　　D．Fees are necessary for the account keeping. 　　3．The Winners Club provides magazines which________. 　　A．encourage spending 　　B．are free to all teenagers 　　C．are full of adventure stories 　　D．help to make more of your money 　　4．If you want to be a member of the Club, you must________. 　　A．be an Internet user 　　B．be permitted by your parent 　　C．have a big sum of money 　　D．be in your twenties 　　5．What is the purpose of this text? 　　A．To set up a club. ‎ ‎ 　　B．To provide part??time jobs. 　　C．To organize key??cards. 　　D．To introduce a new banking service. 　　答案与解析 　　1．B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers.”可知，“the Winners Club”是专门为青少年而开设的，所以答案为B项。 　　2．C　细节理解题。第三部分主要介绍这项服务的方便之处，所以对于办理该业务的青少年来说是非常便利和快捷的，答案为C项；A项未提到；根据文章前 面的介绍可知，银行应该是全天24小时，每周7天营业，而非只是在工作日，所以B项排除；文章第一部分提到不收取账户管理费，所以D项错误。 　　3．D　细节理解题。根据特色最后一点“Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money.”可知，办理该业务的青少年除了可以收到定期报告外，还可以免费得到一份杂志，里面有很多好的建议或办法可以帮助他们赚取更多的钱，所以答案 为D项；A项和C项未提到；B项错在这份杂志并不是对所有的青少年都是免费的，所以排除。 　　4．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“You will have to get permission from your parent...”可知，办理此项银行业务要得到父母的同意或许可，所以B项正确；该服务介绍第三点中提到办理业务有多种形式，其中包括使用网络，但不 是必须的，所以A项错误；由第一点中“You're no millionaire so we don't expect you to pay large fees.”可知，办理此项银行业务的不一定都是有钱人，所以C项排除；D项要求办理业务者年龄在二十几岁，文中并未提到。 　　5．D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要是介绍一项新的银行服务项目，所以答案D项正确。‎ 科普小品类 (一) ‎ 　　For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，self??awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence. 　　Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is，its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly,‎ ‎ paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves. 　　Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self??reflection test. 　　 “We thought that elephants were the next important animal.” said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins”． 　　The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8??foot??square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror. 　　The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies. 　　Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose. 　　Diana Reiss said, “We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.” 　　1．What can mirror tests tell us about animals? 　　A．Whether they have large brains. 　　B．Whether they have self??awareness. 　　C．Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. 　　D．Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors. 　　2．Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text? 　　A．They are most familiar to readers. 　　B．They are big favorites with zoo visitors. 　　C．They are included in the study by Reiss. 　　D ‎．They are already known to be intelligent. 　　3．What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty? 　　A．She used her nose to search behind the mirror. 　　B．She recognized her own image in the mirror. 　　C．She painted a mark on her own face. 　　D．She found the hidden camera. 　　答案与解析 　　1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，通过研究动物是否在镜子中识别自己可以测试它们的自我意识。 　　2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，作者提到猿和海豚是因为它们和人一样可以识别镜中自己的形象，是人们已知的有智力的动物；再根据第三段，一个亚洲象也通过了该测试，也加入到有智力的行列里，故选D项。 　　3.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，三个大象中只有Happy通过了镜子测试，也就是说只有她能识别镜中自己的形象，因此这是她有别于其他大象的地方，故选B项。‎ (一) ‎　　According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.　 　　The project, called Hywind, is the world's first large??scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152??ton, 2.3??megawatt turbine,  Hywind  represents  totally  new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar ( see picture), a technology Hywind's creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables (缆索); these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywind's stability (稳定性) in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the ‎ deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September. 　　To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it's difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar's centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean's surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture)． 　　Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind??farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off??shore windmills are planted. Deep??sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill??as??eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet's surface to one of the best low??carbon power sources available. 　　1. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of ________. 　　A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor 　　B. the spar which is floating in deep??sea water 　　C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind 　　D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface 　　2. To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting 　　________. 　　A. on the sea floor    　　　　          　　B. on the spar top 　　C. at sea level                   　　D. behind the blades ‎ ‎ 　　3. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can 　　________. 　　A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills 　　B. make financial profits by producing more turbines 　　C. settle the arguments about environmental problems 　　D. explore low??carbon power resources available at sea 　　答案与解析 　　1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，该工程采用了全新的技术，是为了确保漂浮在深海水域中的圆材的保持稳定。 　　2.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，为了使较大的涡轮发电机能在圆材上保持平衡，公司计划设计新的发电机，其变速箱在海平面上。 　　3.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，深海风能技术的广泛应用会在海洋上开发出可使用的最好的低碳能源之一。‎ (一) ‎　　Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain??computer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. 　　Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person's thoughts. 　　In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts. 　　“Our brain has billions of nerve cells. These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.” ‎ ‎ 　　The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. 　　Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.” 　　He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time. 　　1．BCI is a technology that can ________. 　　A. help to update computer systems 　　B. link the human brain with computers 　　C. help the disabled to recover 　　D. control a person's thoughts 　　2．How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? 　　A. By controlling his muscles. 　　B. By talking to the machine. 　　C. By moving his hand. 　　D. By using his mind. 　　3．Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? 　　A. scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair 　　B. computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair ‎ ‎ 　　C. scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair 　　D. cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair 　　4．The team will test with real patients to ________. 　　A. make profits from them 　　B. prove the technology useful to them 　　C. make them live longer 　　D. learn about their physical condition 　　5．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 　　A. Switzerland, the BCI Research Center 　　B. New Findings About How the Human Brain Works 　　C. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled 　　D. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries 　　答案与解析 　　1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，自20世纪70年代以来，科学家一直寻找途径能将人脑与电脑相连。BCI技术能帮助残疾人向机器发送指令。故此处B项正确。而C项只是部分正确，虽然能帮助残疾人，但却不能帮他们康复。 　　2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知Tavella只是思考动他的左右手就能操作这个轮椅。甚至当他观察这台机器时就能进行交流，也能用他的思想指导机器人工作。因此机器人是在人脑的思想支配下进行工作的。故D项正确。 　　3.C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，首先研究人员为用户设计一种特殊的帽子，它会捕捉头皮发出的信号并将其传给电脑。电脑将这些信号进行分析翻译， 给监控下的机器人轮椅发出指令。机器人轮椅装有两部摄像头能识别信号路径中的物体，从而帮助电脑对人脑的指令作出反应。故此处C项正确。 　　4．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from”可知，在患者身上进行实验是他们团队工作的一个目标，旨在证明这项技术对他们有益。故正确答案选B项。 ‎ ‎ 　　5.C　主旨大意题。本文为科技说明文，开篇点题。介绍科学家研究的这项新技术BCI，对残疾人大有裨益。故正确答案为C项。‎ ‎　　(四) ‎ ‎　　Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources (来源), as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills (风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power. 　　For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎)  wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.However, by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. 　　During the  1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs.Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 　　1．From the text we know that windmills ________. 　　A．were invented by European armies 　　B．have a history of more than 2,800 years 　　C．used to supply power to radio in remote areas 　　D．have rarely been used since electricity was discovered 　　2．What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century? 　　A．Sailing a boat. 　　B．Producing electricity. 　　C．Grinding wheat into flour. ‎ ‎ 　　D．Pumping water from underground. 　　3．One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that ________. 　　A．wind power is cleaner 　　B．it is one of the oldest power sources 　　C．it was cheaper to create energy from wind 　　D．the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs 　　4．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? 　　A．The advantages of wind power. 　　B．The design of wind power plants. 　　C．The worldwide movement to save energy. 　　D．The global trend towards producing power from wind. 　　答案与解析 　　1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.”可推出，C项符合题意。 　　2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.”可知，B项符合题目要求。 　　3．A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity”可知，A项符合题意。 　　4．D　推理判断题。第三段最后已提出现在全球已越来越多地使用风力发电，所以下一段应该要进一步推广使用风力发电，这是一种总体的能源发展趋势。故D项正确。‎ 社会文化类 (一) ‎ 　　When milk arrived on the doorstep 　　When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5??year??old boy, I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer. 　　Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note －“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”－and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear. 　　All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr.Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery. 　　There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service. 　　Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. 　　1．Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer 　　________. 　　A．to show his magical power 　　B．to pay for the delivery 　　C．to satisfy his curiosity 　　D．to please his mother 　　2．What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's ‎ house? 　　A．He wanted to have tea there. 　　B．He was treated as a family member. 　　C．He was a respectable person. 　　D．He was fully trusted by the family. 　　3．Why does home milk delivery no longer exist? 　　A．Nobody wants to be a milkman now. 　　B．It has been driven out of the market. 　　C．Its service is getting poor. 　　D．It is forbidden by law. 　　4．Why did the author bring back home an old milk box? 　　A．He missed the good old days. 　　B．He wanted to tell interesting stories. 　　C．He needed it for his milk bottles. 　　D．He planted flowers in it. 　　答案与解析 　　1.C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后可以看出，当时作者只是一个5岁的孩子，对送奶人腰带上的投币器很好奇，善良的送奶人把一枚硬币送给作者，是为了满足其好奇心，所以应选C项。 　　2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，家里人与送奶人之间关系很密切，送奶人甚至有家里的钥匙，由此推断送奶人得到了充分的信任，故选D项。 　　3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，激烈的竞争和购买的便利使得送奶上门退出了市场，无法存在下去，故选B项。 　　4.A　推理判断题。由最后一段可以看出，作者有一种怀旧的心理，想念儿时的时光，感觉送奶人送来牛奶的同时，也带来了友谊，故选A项。‎ ‎　　(二) ‎ ‎　　While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants. 　　The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small，shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg??room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says. 　　But it is not just the extra??tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged. 　　 “The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king??size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″ bed caters for less than half of the male population，” said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy，“Seven??foot beds would work fine.” 　　Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long??legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere. 　　Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors，particularly Americans. 　　1．What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign? 　　A．To provide better services. 　　B．To rebuild hotels and restaurants. 　　C．To draw public attention to the needs of the tall. 　　D．To attract more people to become its members. 　　2．Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? ‎ ‎ 　　A．7′2″　　　　　　　　　 　　B．7′ 　　C．6′6″ 　　D．6′3″ 　　3．What may happen to restaurants with small tables? 　　A．They may lose some customers. 　　B．They may start businesses elsewhere. 　　C．They have to find easy chairs to match the tables. 　　D．They have to provide enough space for the long??legged. 　　4．What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh? 　　A. Tall people pay more for larger beds. 　　B．6′6″ beds have taken the place of 6′3″ beds. 　　C．Special rooms are kept for Americans. 　　D．Guest rooms are standardized. 　　答案与解析 　　1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知，这次活动的目的是引起公众对高个子的人的需要的关注。 　　2.B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Seven??foot beds would work fine.”可知，床铺的合适长度是7英尺。 　　3.A　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，餐桌太小会使高个子的人们到别的地方去(吃饭)，也就是说，餐桌太小的饭店会失去一些客人。 　　4.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，爱丁堡的一家宾馆已经使用6英尺6英寸的床铺作为标准床铺，故选B项。‎ ‎　　(三) ‎ ‎　　Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win??win situation all around.” 　　They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three??year waiting list. 　　George C. Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden. 　　1．What does the word “residents” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? 　　A．chickens 　　B．tomatoes 　　C．gardens 　　D．people 　　2．Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular? 　　A．More Americans are doing it for fun. 　　B．The price of oil is lower than before. 　　C．There's a growing need for fruits. ‎ ‎ 　　D．The cost of living is on the rise. 　　3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? 　　A．Family Food Planning 　　B．Banking on Gardening 　　C．A Belt??tightening Move 　　D．Gardening as a Hobby 　　答案与解析 　　1.A　词义猜测题。根据前半句可知，这家的农舍变成了鸡舍，所以下个月要住进来的应该是“鸡”。 　　2.D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“The cost of everything is going up”和第二段第一句中的“higher living costs and a falling economy”以及最后一段第三句中的“the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk，together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables”可以看出，种植蔬菜流行的原因是生活费用的提高。 　　3.B　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，很多人种植蔬菜不仅是出于爱好，更重要的是为了节省生活费用，所以应选B项，bank作为动词是“存款”的意思。 　　(四) 　　Since 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti??covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals (壁画) have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city. 　　The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鸦) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphia's Anti??Graffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAP's artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about，” she says, “I answer them with one word: hope”. Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one??time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals. 　　The MAP's work, says Golden, is all about developing a sense of community (社区). When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe ‎ Streets”， “Love and Care”， and “Peace Walk”． 　　The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals. 　　 “The making of a mural enters people's collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history.” says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles. 　　1．What can be the best title for the text? 　　A．Love, from Graffiti Writers to Muralists 　　B．MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia 　　C．Jane, an Excellent Mural Artist 　　D．Hope, One Wall at a Time 　　2．What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at? 　　A．Helping the young find jobs. 　　B．Protecting the neighborhood. 　　C．Fighting against graffiti. 　　D．Attracting more visitors. 　　3．How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural? 　　A．By having discussions with people in the community. 　　B．By seeking advice from the city government. 　　C．By learning from the young graffiti writers. 　　D．By studying the history of the city. 　　4．Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP? 　　A．Difficult. 　　B．Dangerous. ‎ ‎ 　　C．Experimental. 　　D．Successful. 　　答案与解析 　　1.D　主旨大意题。根据第二段Jane Golden的话可知，当人们问及该项目是关于什么的时候，她用一个词来概括，即Hope，故D项为最佳标题。 　　2.C　推理判断题。根据第一、二段，昔日曾经被涂鸦的墙壁正被美丽的壁画所覆盖，以使社区更具魅力，因此对抗涂鸦应是该项目的目的。 　　3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当社区的居民请求画一张壁画时，该项目的工作人员就和当地的人们一起工作来拟定出一个主题，故选A项。 　　4.D　推理判断题。根据第一段及倒数第二段可知，该项目很成功，故选D项。‎ 人物传记类 ‎　　(一) 　　Arthur Miller (1915—2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria??Hungary, drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s. 　　Miller's most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. 　　When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews, and it won the Tony Award for Best Play, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. 　　Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut, on the evening of ‎ February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. 　　1．Why did Arthur Miller's father move to the USA? 　　A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. 　　B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.” 　　C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist. 　　D. His family business failed 　　2．The play Death of a Salesman________. 　　A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world 　　B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company 　　C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller 　　D. focuses on the skills in doing business 　　3．What can we learn about Willy Loman? 　　A. He treats his employer badly. 　　B. He runs the Wagner Company. 　　C. He is a victim of the American system. 　　D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 　　4．After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman________. 　　A. achieved huge success 　　B. won the first Tony Award 　　C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen 　　D. was severely attacked by dramatists 　　5．What is the text mainly about? ‎ ‎ 　　A. Arthur Miller and his family. 　　B. The awards Arthur Miller won. 　　C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. 　　D. Arthur Miller and his best??known play. 　　答案与解析 　　1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Miller's father had moved to the USA from Austria??Hungary，drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’”可知，他父亲移居美国像其他许多人一样是受当年伟大的美国梦吸引。 　　2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，这部戏剧对美国制度是一个抨击，它表现了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及坚信金钱和社会地位才是财富的象征。主人公 Willy陷入困境，然而生意场上残酷无情：如果他做不了，那么对老板而言，他就一无是处，他必须离开。故此部戏剧揭露了美国职场的残酷。 　　3．C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.”可知主人公面对失败无所适从，无法面对现实，从而走向毁灭，成了美国资本主义制度下美国梦的牺牲者。故选C项。 　　4.A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这部戏剧自1949第一次搬上银幕就获得了“托尼戏剧音乐奖”、“纽约戏剧评论奖”、“普利策戏剧奖”三项大奖，获得极大的成功。因此A项正确。 　　5．D　主旨大意题。纵观全文不难看出本文主要介绍Arthur Miller 以及他的戏剧Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》。其他选项都不全面，只是文中叙述的一部分。故D项正确。‎ (一) ‎　　Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world, yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed (展现) herself as she did nowhere else. 　　After the death of her second husband, Greek shipping magnate (巨头) Aristotle Onassis, Jacqueline's close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career(职业) in publishing.After consideration, Jacqueline accepted ‎ it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life.She became not less but more interested in reading.For the last 20 years of her life, Jacqueline worked as a publisher's editor，first at Viking, then at Doubleday, pursuing (追求) a late??life career longer than her two marriages combined. During her time in publishing, she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books. Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell to transform their popular television conversations into a book, The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international best??seller.She dealt, too, with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography (自传)，Moonwalk. 　　Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations, but she soon proved her worth.Her choices, suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication, she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her_role_as_First_Lady,_in_the_end,_was_overshadowed_by_her_performance_as_an_editor.However,  few knew that she had achieved so much. 　　1．We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline ________. 　　    A．became fond of reading after working as an editor 　　    B．was in charge of publishing 100 books 　　    C．promoted her books through social relations 　　    D．gained a lot from her career as an editor 　　2．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ________. 　　    A．Jacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady 　　    B．Jacqueline's life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor 　　    C．Jacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady ‎ ‎ 　　    D．Jacqueline's role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor 　　3．What can be inferred from the passage? 　　    A．Jacqueline's two marriages lasted more than 20 years. 　　    B．Jacqueline's own publishing firm was set up eventually. 　　    C．Jacqueline's views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited. 　　    D．Jacqueline's achievements were widely known. 　　4．The passage is mainly ________. 　　    A．an introduction of Jacqueline's life both as First Lady and as an editor 　　    B．a brief description of Jacqueline's lifelong experiences 　　    C．a brief account of Jacqueline's career as an editor in her last 20 years 　　    D．an analysis of Jacqueline's social relations in publishing 　　答案与解析 　　1．D　细节理解题。由短文第一段中的“...she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her life, she revealed herself as she did nowhere else”可推出她在自己的编辑事业中获益很大。故选D项。 　　2.  C　细节理解题。根据画线句后面的“然而，很少有人知道她取得了这么多成就”可知，画线句的含义是：她作为第一夫人的角色最终在她作为编辑的出色表现前黯然失色。故选C项。 　　3．C　推理判断题。由最后一段倒数第三句“Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.”即她编辑的书籍就是她从来没有写过的自传。由此可知，她的观点和信仰都反映在她所编辑的书籍中。故选C项。 　　4．C　主旨大意题。由短文第一段中“...as an editor in the last two decades of her life...”以及整篇文章的叙述可知，本文主要介绍Jacqueline 生命中最后20年的编辑生涯。故选C项。‎ (一) ‎　　Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile (汽车). But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line. 　　In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself. 　　The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began. 　　The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well??known all over the United States.Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That_sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream.Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.” 　　The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years. 　　1．What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1 ? 　　   A. He made good use of ideas from others. ‎ ‎ 　　   B. He produced the first car in the world. 　　   C. He knew how to improve auto parts. 　　   D. He invented the production line. 　　2．Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race? 　　   A. To show off his driving skills. 　　   B. To draw public attention. 　　   C. To learn about new technology. 　　   D. To raise money for his new company. 　　3．“That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________. 　　   A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices 　　   B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people 　　   C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor 　　   D. the sales target for the Ford Company 　　4．What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text? 　　   A. Producing cars for average customers. 　　   B. Building racing cars of simple design. 　　   C. Designing more car models. 　　   D. Starting more companies. 　　答案与解析 　　1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better”．可知，A项符合题意。 　　2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way ‎ of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one.”可知，B项符合题意。 　　3．C　词义猜测题。由第四段画线单词前的一句“In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company.”以及画线单词所在的一句可知，C项符合题意。 　　4．A　推理判断题。根据第四段的 That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said：“ I will build a motor car for the great mass of people... making good money will be unable to own one.”可知，A项符合题意。‎ ‎　　(四) ‎ ‎ 　　Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner. 　　Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies' two daughters. Along with nice other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris. 　　Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X??ray facilities (设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X??ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military Medal by the French government. 　　In 1918, Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later. 　　Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity (辐射能). Irene Joliot??Curie died from leukemia on March 17,1956. ‎ ‎ 　　1．Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal? 　　A. Because she received a degree in mathematics. 　　B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded. 　　C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic. 　　D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother. 　　2．Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot? 　　A. At the Curie Institute.　　 　　B. At the University of Paris. 　　C. At a military hospital. 　　D. At the College of Sévigné. 　　3．When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born? 　　A. In 1932. 　　B. In 1927. 　　C. In 1897. 　　D. In 1926. 　　4．In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother? 　　A. Irene worked with radioactivity. 　　B. Irene combined family and career. 　　C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once. 　　D. Irene died from leukemia. 　　答案与解析 ‎ ‎ 　　1.B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，居里夫人的女儿艾琳·居里之所以获得军人奖章是因为她在抢救伤员方面做出了很多贡献。 　　2.A　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，艾琳·居里是在居里研究所遇到后来成为她丈夫的弗雷德里克·约里奥。 　　3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，他们的第一个孩子出生于1927年，第二个孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年。 　　4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，艾琳·居里与自己的母亲有很多相似之处，唯一不同的就是，她只获得一次诺贝尔奖，而母亲获得过两次。‎ 生态环保类 (一) ‎ 　　The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. 　　Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. 　　This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed. 　　Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.  Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 　　1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________. 　　‎ ‎  A. much of the world's water is available for use 　　  B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky 　　C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered 　　  D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world 　　2. Which of the following is TRUE? 　　  A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. 　　  B. Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages. 　　  C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. 　　  D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. 　　3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? 　　  A. Steps to improving water use management. 　　  B. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams. 　　  C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. 　　  D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. 　　4. The text is mainly about________. 　　  A. water supply and increasing population 　　  B. water use management and agriculture 　　  C. water redistribution and wildlife protection 　　  D. water shortages and environmental protection 　　答案与解析 　　世界的可用淡水资源有限，但农业在利用水资源过程中存在不尽如人意之处，本文指出了其中的一些问题。 　　1．‎ C　细节理解题，由文中第一段第二句“With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture...”可知A选项错误；由第一段第三句“...strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country...”可知B选项不合文意；第二段前两句指出水资源的重新分配的费用极高，一方面是水利过程本身的造价，另一方面也会对生态造成极大的破 坏，所以选项C正确，根据第二段第四句“...it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.”可知D项不正确。 　　2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“...has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.”可判断A选项不正确；由第一段最后一句可判断B选项错误；由文章最后一句“...fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.”可知C项正确。根据文章第三段最后一句可知D项不正确。 　　3．A　判断推理题。文章前面一部分主要是讲述农业在利用水资源过程中存在的问题，接下来应该是介绍加强水资源管理的方法和措施，所以A选项正确。 　　4．B　主旨大意题。由第一段第二句可知。‎ ‎　　(二)(2010·辽宁高考)‎ ‎　　It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries. 　　Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own ，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places. 　　This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream didn't last long. 　　The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately. 　　The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides (杀虫剂) and medicines. Soon there was no money left. ‎ ‎ 　　Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadn't been useless. They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases. 　　Now，the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 　　 1. From Paragraph 1，we learn that the villagers________. 　　   A. worked very hard for centuries 　　   B. dreamed of having a better life 　　   C. were poor but somewhat content 　　   D. lived a different life from their forefathers 　　 2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs? 　　   A. The frogs were easy money. 　　   B. They needed money to buy medicine. 　　   C. They wanted to please the visitors. 　　   D. The frogs made too much noise. 　　3. What might be the cause of the children's sickness? 　　  A. The crops didn't do well. 　　  B. There were too many insects. 　　  C. The visitors brought in diseases. 　　  D. The pesticides were overused. 　　4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the text? 　　  A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country. ‎ ‎ 　　  B. Health is more important than money. 　　  C. The harmony between man and nature is important. 　　  D. Good old days will never be forgotten. 　　答案与解析 　　本篇文章为记叙文。主要讲述印度一个小村庄的人们在外乡人的诱导下为了追求金钱收益捕杀青蛙，结果破坏了生态平衡。意识到这个问题后，他们及时停止了捕杀，重新回到了宁静的乡村生活。 　　1．C　细节理解题。第一段中有“The people were poor.However, they were not unhappy.”和C项意思一致。 　　2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“This seemed like money for nothing.”句中for nothing 是“免费的”意思，说明青蛙容易得到，并能赚到钱，村民才答应卖。 　　3．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“They had been doing an important job—eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.”可以推断出庄稼收成不好，孩子生病与青蛙减少、害虫增多有关。 　　4．C　推理判断题。最后一句说明人们过度捕杀造成生态失衡，由此也影响了人类，因此，可以推断人与自然的和谐是重要的。‎ ‎　　(三)‎ ‎ 　　We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans，killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution. 　　The 16yearold Canadian high school student，Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months，a finding that won him first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair，a $10 000 prize，a  $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue. 　　Burd's strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster ‎ than under normal conditions. 　　With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags，exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed (暴露) to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks. 　　The inputs are cheap：maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide. 　　 “Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer：not much. So I decided to do something myself.”said Daniel Burd. 　　1. Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada－Wide Science Fair because________. 　　  A. he found a new kind of microorganism 　　  B. he contributed much to environmental protection 　　  C. he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time 　　  D. he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way 　　2. Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to 　　 ________. 　　  A. make the live bacteria work better 　　  B. test how effective his method was 　　  C. know which bacteria worked faster 　　  D. control the temperature in the process ‎ ‎ 　　3. Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because ________. 　　  A. plastics can get hot easily 　　  B. microbes can produce heat themselves 　　  C. much carbon dioxide is produced 　　  D. the temperature can be controlled 　　4. Daniel Burd got his idea from ________. 　　  A. his school textbook 　　  B. the failure of researchers 　　  C. his everyday work 　　  D. the practice of other people 　　答案与解析 　　1．C　细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，他因发现短时间降解塑料袋的方法而获奖，故答案选C项。 　　2．B　推理判断题。从文章第四段中的“...exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control”可推断，他这样做的目的在于测试他的方法是否有效，所以答案为B项。 　　3．B　细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段中的“maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work”可知答案选B项。 　　4．C　推理判断题。从文章最后一段丹尼尔·伯德说的话可推知，他是从每天的工作中得到启发的，故答案选C项。‎ ‎　　(四)(2010·山东烟台检测)‎ ‎　　There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world's leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. ‎ ‎ 　　London 　　London's flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed. 　　There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals，an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous. 　　Paris 　　Over a six??week period in July and August 2008，more than 11400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration (脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again? 　　One solution is to have air??conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short??term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions. 　　In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air??conditioner. 　　Shanghai 　　Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century. 　　An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal??fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures  and, in  turn, warmer  seas increase the risk of typhoons. 　　1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? 　　  A. Big Cities Facing Big Disasters ‎ ‎ 　　  B. Big Disasters in the Future 　　  C. The Increase of Natural Disasters 　　  D. Solutions to Natural Disasters 　　2. What problem should be settled now in London? 　　  A. How to protect the city's property. 　　  B. Where to build its flood defences. 　　  C. How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city. 　　  D. How to improve the function of the old flood defences. 　　3. Which of the following measures can't solve the heat wave disaster in Paris? 　　  A. Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo. 　　  B. Having air??conditioners installed in elderly care homes. 　　  C. Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”． 　　  D. Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings. 　　4. The major threats to Shanghai are ________. 　　  A. increasing population and coal??fired power stations 　　  B. rising sea levels and typhoons 　　  C. extremely high temperature and rising sea levels 　　  D. extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons 　　5. The purpose of the passage is ________. 　　  A. to tell us how to protect the big cities 　　  B. to give advice on how to defend natural disasters 　　  C. to explain what causes flood and heat waves ‎ ‎ 　　  D. to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities 　　答案与解析 　　1.A　主旨大意题。抓住关键词，全文主要是围绕着三个闻名于世的大城市面临的灾难展开介绍的，关键词是big city和disasters。 　　2.D　细节理解题。在介绍伦敦时，第一句话“London's flood defences are getting older.”就点明了伦敦的危机暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化。所以解决的方法就是改善防洪堤。 　　3.C　推理判断题。在介绍巴黎时，说到了解决问题的两种办法，一种是使用空调，但这种办法不是长久之计；另外一种就是在建筑上使用竹子屋顶型的花塔，所以A、B、D三项均正确，而C项forbid正好与文章要表达的意思相反。 　　4.B　细节理解题。在介绍上海这一城市时，第一段说的是海平面，第二段说的是台风。 　　5.D　主旨大意题。作者写这篇文章的目的就是呼吁人们关注全球变暖和气候变化对地球的影响，就全文来说，是希望引起人们关注灾害对大城市的破坏。‎ 时文报道类 ‎　　(一)(2010·四川高考) 　　Somali pirates (海盗) robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board nearly 1,200 miles off the Somali coast, the farthest??off??shore attack to date, an officer said Tuesday. 　　Pirates have gone farther south and east in answer to increased patrols(巡逻) by warships off the Somali shore. The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force, said a spokesman. 　　The spokesman said the attack so far out at sea was a clear sign that the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”． 　　 “Once they start attacking that far out, you're not even really talking about the Somali basin or areas of water that have any connection with Somalia.” said an officer, Roger Middleton. “Once you're that far out, it's just the Indian Ocean，and it means you're looking ‎ at trade going from the Gulf to Asia, from Asia to South Africa.” 　　 “This is the farthest robbing to date. They are now operating near the Maldives and India.” said another officer. 　　The three ships－the MV Prantalay 11,12，and 14－had 77 members on board in total. All of them are Thai, the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors. 　　Pirates have increased attacks over the past year in hopes of catching more dollar payments. Because of increased patrols and defenses on board ships, the success rate(率) has gone down, though the number of successful attacks has stayed the same year over year. 　　1. The pirate attack reported in the text happened________. 　　  A. far out in the Indian Ocean 　　  B. in the normal patrol area 　　  C. near the Somali coast 　　  D. in the south of Africa 　　2. According to the text, which can best describe the situation of the pirate problems? 　　  A. More goods on board are lost. 　　  B. Pirate attacks happen in a larger area now. 　　  C. The number of attacks has stayed the same these years. 　　  D. Pirate attacks are as serious as before along the Somali coast. 　　3. Which is TRUE about the warship patrols according to the text? 　　  A. The patrols are of little effect. 　　  B. The patrols are more difficult. 　　  C. More patrols are quite necessary even in Asia. 　　  D. The patrols only drive the pirates to other areas. ‎ ‎　　4. How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report? 　　  A. 228.　　　　　　　　　 　　B. 77. 　　C. 383. 　　D. 305. 　　答案与解析 　　本篇文章为新闻报道类文体。报道索马里海盗抢劫三艘泰国渔船，并引用了官员的话，让读者了解当前的索马里海盗的形势。 　　1．A　细节理解题。“The robbing of the three ships Sunday was about 600 miles outside the normal operation area for the international force”以及“Once you're that far out, it's just the Indian Ocean...”句意为“这次海盗袭击发生在国际护卫部队正常保护区域六百英里外”，“一旦你到了那么远，那就是印度洋了”可知正确答案为A项。 　　2．B　主旨大意题。文章主要报道发生在周末的对泰国渔船的袭击，就此事件引出索马里海盗的袭击已超越国际保卫队的正常护卫范围，而进入了更远的海域。 　　3．B　细节理解题。依据．..the international patrols against pirates were having a “marked effect on pirate activity in the area”及Once you're that far out, it's just the Indian Ocean, and it means you're looking at trade going from the Gulf to Asia, from Asia to South Africa. 可知应是巡逻难度加大了。 　　4．D　推理计算题。由文章首句“Somali pirates robbed three Thai fishing ships with 77 sailors on board...”及“Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.”可知，到发报道为止，索马里海盗应劫持水手77＋228＝305人。‎ ‎　　(二)(2010·陕西高考)‎ ‎　　Brave Frenchman Found Half??way Around the World 　　(NEW YORK)A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two??year??old girl in Manhattan said he didn't think twice before diving into the freezing East River. 　　Tuesday's Daily News  said 29??year??old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday. ‎ ‎ 　　He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father，David Anderson, who had dived in after him. 　　“I didn't think at all.”Duret told the Daily News. “It happened very fast. I reacted very fast.” 　　Duret，an engineer on vacation, was walking with his girlfriend along the pier(码头)when he saw something falling into the water. He thought it was a doll，but realized it was a child when he approached the river, in an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 　　When he reached the girl, she appeared lifeless, he said. Fortunately，when she was out of the water, she opened her eyes. 　　Anderson said his daughter slipped off the bank when he was adjusting his camera. An ambulance came later for her, said Duret, who was handed dry clothes from onlookers. Duret caught a taxi with his girlfriend shortly after. 　　The rescue happened on the day before he left for France. Duret said he didn't realize his tale of heroism had greatly moved New York until he was leaving the city the next morning. 　　 “I don't really think I'm a hero.”said Duret. “Anyone would do the same thing.” 　　1. Why was Duret in New York? 　　  A. To meet his girlfriend. 　　  B. To work as an engineer. 　　  C. To spend his holiday. 　　  D. To visit the Andersons. 　　2. What did Duret do shortly after the ambulance came? 　　  A. He was interviewed by a newspaper. 　　  B. He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes. 　　  C. He went to the hospital in the ambulance. ‎ ‎ 　　  D. He disappeared from the spot quickly. 　　3. Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl? 　　  A. David Anderson.       　　B. A passer??by. 　　  C. His girlfriend.           　　D. A taxi driver. 　　4. When was Duret most probably found to be the very hero? 　　  A. The day when he was leaving for home. 　　  B. A couple of days after the girl was rescued. 　　  C. The first day when he was in New York. 　　  D. The same day when he was interviewed. 　　答案与解析 　　本文是一篇新闻报道类文章。介绍了一位到美国度假旅游的法国工程师成功地救出了一位溺水女孩，成为了纽约的英雄。 　　1．C　细节理解题。根据文章开始的“A French tourist...”和后文中的“Duret, an engineer on vacation, was walking with his girlfriend along the pier(码头) when he saw something falling into the water.”可知Duret 到纽约是为了度假。 　　2．D　细节理解题。根据“...29??year??old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue...”可知Duret 把小女孩从水中救出后立刻与他的女朋友离开了现场。 　　3．A　细节理解题。根据“He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.”可知，继Duret 之后跳进水中的人是这位小女孩的父亲David Anderson。 　　4．B　主观推断题。Duret 从水中救出女孩后便离开了现场，所以不可能知道是谁救的这位女孩，所以D项错。他要离开美国回法国的那一天，他早就成为了英雄，所以不可能是A项。他到达美国的第一天还没有发生此事，故C项错。‎ ‎　　(三)‎ ‎　　An old problem is getting new attention in the United States—bullying. Recent cases included the tragic case of a 15??year??old girl whose family moved from Ireland. She hanged herself in Massachusetts following months of bullying. Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her. Officials have brought  criminal charges against  several teenagers. 　　Judy Kuczynski is president of an anti??bullying group called Bully Police USA. Her daughter Tina was also the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota. She said，“Our daughter was a very outgoing child. She was involved in all kinds of things and had lots of friends. And over a period of time her grades fell completely. She started having health issues. She couldn't sleep. She wasn't eating. She had terrible stomach pains. Didn't want to go to school.” 　　Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person. It can involve physical violence, or it can be verbal—for example, insults or threats. Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying. 　　And now there is cyberbullying, which uses the Internet, e??mail or text messages. It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve face??to??face contact and it can be done at any time. 　　The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late 1970s. The latest government study in the United  States  was  released  last  year. It  found  that  about one??third of students age twelve to eighteen were bullied at school. 　　Susan Swearer  is  a  psychologist  at  the  University  of Nebraska??Lincoln and co??director of the Bullying Research Network. She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need. She says bullying is  connected  to  depression, anxiety and  anti??social behavior and bullies are often victims themselves. 　　1. From the case of Tina, we can know that ________. 　　  A. bullying is rare 　　  B. victims suffered a lot 　　  C. schools are to blame ‎ ‎ 　　  D. personalities are related 　　2. Which of the following is NOT bullying? 　　  A. To beat someone repeatedly. 　　  B. To call someone names. 　　  C. To isolate someone from friends. 　　  D. To refuse to help someone in need. 　　3. Why is cyberbullying appealing to the bully? 　　  A. Because it can involve more people. 　　  B. Because it can create worse effects. 　　  C. Because it is more convenient. 　　  D. Because it can avoid cheating. 　　4. According to Susan Swearer, ________. 　　  A. bullies are antisocial 　　  B. bullies should give victims help 　　  C. students are not equally treated 　　  D. bullies themselves also need help 　　答案与解析 　　1.B　细节理解题。第二段讲述了受害者蒂娜的遭遇。从她母亲的叙述可以看出，校园的恃强凌弱使她学业下降，身体和精神都受到摧残，因此选B项。该例子没有谈到学校的责任或与人品的关系。 　　2.D　推理判断题。从第三段的叙述看，A、B、C项都是校园内恃强凌弱的例子，而D项“不帮助需要帮助的人”不在其列。 ‎ ‎ 　　3.C　细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，网络欺凌对那些恃强凌弱者很有吸引力，因为这种欺凌不需要面对面，而且随时可以进行，由此判断选C项，这样的行为更方便。 　　4.D　细节理解题。由最后一段中苏珊的方法“get bullies and victims the help they need”和“bullies are often victims themselves”可知，恃强凌弱者同样也是受害者，她认为这样的人也需要帮助。‎ ‎　　(四) 　　Third??generation mobile phones, known as 3G, are the next big step for the telecom industry. Data speed in 3G networks is much quicker than present technology. This means users can have high??speed Internet access and enjoy video and CD??quality music on their phones. 　　 “Mobile data is not a dream; it's not an option but a requirement.” said Len Lauer, head of a US communications company，Sprint PCS，at a 3G conference in Bangkok earlier this month. 　　With 3G, you can forget about text messages telling you yesterday's news; a 3G phone can receive video news programs, updated four times a day. Internet access will also be much quicker, making it easier to surf the Web on your phone than on your computer at home. 　　Face to face video calls 　　And don't worry about getting lost. 3G phones offer map services so you can find a new restaurant just by pressing a few keys on your handset. 　　However, the most impressive part of 3G technology is video calling. With live two??day video communication, you can have face??to??face talks with friends and family on your mobile phone. 　　Many European countries have already launched the service. In May 2000 the US Government issued five licenses to run 3G wireless services, while the first 3G phones arrived in Italy in March this year. 　　International telecom companies can't wait to sell 3G in China, the world's largest mobile telecommunications market. But they will have to be patient. At the moment, China is busy testing its 3G??based technologies, networks and services. This will be followed by a trial period before the phones can finally hit the shops. 　　“We need to create a pool of 3G customers before the largescale commercial launch of the service.” said Fan Yunjun, marketing manager for Beijing Mobile. “We expect that the 3G licenses will be issued late next year. ” ‎ ‎　　1. With 3G, you can do the following EXCEPT ________. 　　  A. find your way easily 　　  B. learn what's going on in the world 　　  C. make your computer run faster 　　  D. make face??to??face video telephone calls 　　2. According to the text, which function of the following makes 3G technology most extraordinary? 　　  A. It can provide video news programs, updated four times a day. 　　  B. Users can have face??to??face talks with friends and family on their mobile phones. 　　  C. Users can enjoy video and CD??quality music on their phones. 　　  D. It'll be easier for users to surf the Web on their phone than on their computers at home. 　　3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? 　　  A. 3G mobile phones were first used in America. 　　  B. Foreign telecom companies won't enter China. 　　  C. 3G technology is now at the commercial stage in China. 　　  D. Users in China won't probably use 3G mobile phones until late next year. 　　4. What does Len Lauer want to inform the readers? 　　  A. Realizing the dream of mobile data based on the application of 3G is a must. 　　  B. There is no need to send messages since 3G can receive video news programs. 　　  C. 3G is supposed to own all the functions that a computer has. 　　  D. It is a choice to carry mobile data with 3G phones. 　　答案与解析 ‎ ‎　　1.C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，3G手机的上网速度比家用电脑快、方便，但是我们并不能借助于3G提高家用电脑的速度。 　　2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，打可视电话是3G手机最为非凡的一个功能。 　　3.D　细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段可知，明年晚些时候，我们才能期待3G手机在中国上市。 　　4.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中莱恩·劳尔讲的话可判断A项的陈述与其意思相符。‎ ‎ ‎