高考英语语法必考考点3代词 20页

‎2019年高考英语语法必考考点（3）：代词 李仕才 ‎【考点解读】‎ 概述 一、人称代词：‎ 人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎【注意】在连词than和as引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。如：‎ My sister speaks English as well as me/I.‎ (口语中常用me)‎ My sister speaks English as well as I do. (此时只能用I)‎ 二、物主代词：‎ ‎1．物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。如：‎ The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.‎ ‎【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有every，each修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用his。如：‎ Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.‎ ‎2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作名词或动名词的定语。‎ e.g. This is our classroom.‎ Would you mind my opening the window?‎ ‎3. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用，构成双重所有格。如：‎ This is her coat. Mine is over there.‎ Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. ‎ 三、反身代词：‎ ‎1. 反身代词通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如：‎ He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. ‎ ‎2. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加强语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲身”。‎ e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves. ‎ ‎3. 反身代词可以在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。‎ e.g. —You look pale. What’s wrong with you?‎ ‎—I’m not feeling myself today, not serious, though. ‎ 注意(1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。‎ ‎(正) I myself drove the car.　我自己开车。‎ ‎(误) Myself drove the car.‎ ‎(2) 在由and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself作主语。‎ e.g. Charles and myself saw it. ‎ ‎(3) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。‎ e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt.‎ ‎4. 反身代词的习惯搭配 ‎ ‎ ‎(1) 介词+反身代词 for oneself 为自己；亲自地 to oneself 对自己；独用 of oneself 自动地 by oneself 独自地 ‎(2) 动词＋反身代词 ‎ dress oneself 自己穿衣 make oneself at home 不要客气 seat oneself=be seated 就坐 teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒 devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于 enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴 help oneself to 自行取用，请自便 accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 习惯于 amuse oneself 消遣，自娱 behave oneself 表现良好 apply oneself to sth. 致力于 explain oneself 说明自己的意图 express oneself 表达自己的思想 abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放纵 四、指示代词：‎ ‎1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用that，有时也用this；指下文将要提到的事物，常用this或these。如：‎ He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that指代上文He said I was lying)‎ What I want you to remember is this：Practise makes perfect. (此句中this指代下文，不能换为that)‎ ‎2. that/those可作定语从句的先行词，但this/these不能；其中those可指人，但that 不能。如：She has known that which she wanted to know.‎ I admire those who are always helping others. (those作定语从句的先行词，指人)‎ 五、相互代词：‎ 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有each other和one another两个词组，都表示“互相，相互”。‎ ‎1. each other和one another在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语。如：‎ Let’s help each other and learn from each other.‎ They looked at one another and laughed.‎ ‎2. 作定语时each other和one another须用所有格，表示“彼此的”。如：‎ We said hello to one another’s/each other’s family.‎ 六、疑问代词：‎ ‎1. 疑问代词后接ever的用法。‎ ‎(1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever表泛指，意为“无论……”。如：‎ You have our support, whatever you decide.‎ Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.‎ I don’t want to see them, whoever they are.‎ ‎(2) 置于疑问代词后，用于加强语气。如：‎ Whatever do you mean?‎ Whoever heard of such a thing!‎ ‎2. 疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事物的单复数形式来确定，如果不清楚代表的人或物是复数还是单数，则谓语动词多用单数形式。who/what/which作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。如：‎ What he needs most is his mother’s love.‎ What we need are good books.‎ 七、复合不定代词：‎ ‎1. 修饰不定代词的形容词应后置。‎ e.g. Is there anything wrong with my car?‎ ‎2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词往往用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎3. 复合不定代词构成的固定短语：‎ anything but根本不，一点也不nothing but只不过do nothing but 只有，除……之外什么事也不做have something/nothing to do with 与……有/无关something of有点，有几分 八、全部否定与部分否定：‎ 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法与some和any的用法基本一致。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every＋名词”都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；‎ 但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外not与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。‎ e.g. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. (all表示全部肯定，none表示全部否定)‎ Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. (“not＋everywhere”表示部分否定) ‎ The exam is very easy, but not all of the students can pass it. (“not＋all”表示部分否定)‎ 九、both, either, neither, each, all, none： ‎ both表示两者都，具有肯定含义；either表示两者中的任何一个；neither表示两者都不；each表示两者或两者以上的每一个；all表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”；none表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定，与of连用或用来回答how many / much的提问。‎ 十、it作人称代词：‎ 在特定的环境中，it也可指人，如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。‎ e.g. The baby stopped crying as soon as it saw the woman.‎ ‎—Who is it?‎ ‎—It’s me.‎ 十一、it作形式主语或形式宾语：‎ it可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。‎ ‎1. 用it作形式主语的主语从句结构：‎ ‎(1) It＋系动词＋形容词＋that从句：‎ It is necessary/important/surprising/strange＋that从句，从句中谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”形式，且should可省略。‎ ‎(2) It＋系动词＋名词＋that从句：‎ It is a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour/a wonder/no wonder/our duty＋that从句。‎ e.g. It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success. ‎ ‎(3) It＋不及物动词＋that从句：‎ It seems/happened/turned out /occurs/appears＋that从句。‎ e.g. It happened that he was out when I called on him.‎ ‎(4) It＋系动词＋过去分词＋that从句：‎ It is said /reported/ announced/ believed/ thought/ well known/ hoped/ pointed out/ found out/ suggested/ ordered/ advised/ requested/ insisted/ required/ demanded＋that从句。‎ e.g. It’s said that they have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.‎ ‎【注意】在“It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demanded＋that从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。‎ e.g. It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.‎ ‎(5) 其他句型，如It doesn’t matter.../It makes no difference...等。‎ e.g. It doesn’t matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.‎ It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.‎ ‎2. it作形式宾语的情况:‎ ‎(1)动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，把作为真正宾语的that从句后置。‎ e.g. We make it a rule that we get up at six every day.‎ We all think it important that we should protect the environment from being polluted.‎ ‎(2) 有些动词接宾语从句时，需在动词和从句间加it。这些动词有：hate, appreciate, ‎ take, owe, have, like, enjoy, make等。‎ e.g. I take it that you will agree with us.‎ ‎(3) “动词＋介词＋it＋that”结构。常见的有see to, depend on, rely on等。‎ e.g. I will see to it that everything is ready on time.‎ 十二、it可用在强调句型It is/was...that...中：‎ e.g. It was in the street that I met him yesterday.‎ ‎【注意】it作形式主语和it引导强调句的区别：it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构(特别是谓语较短时)，主语从句的连接词没有变化。‎ it引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调，其结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...”。在正式英语中，无论强调什么部分，都要求用连词that，但是在一般情况下，如果被强调的主语是“人”，也可用who/whom。值得注意的是，当被强调部分是状语时，只能用that，不要误用when，where，how等。be动词的时态，可以随着that从句时态的不同而变化。强调句型中去掉It is/was和that后，句子仍然完整，而it作形式主语的句子则不能。‎ e.g. It is I who am setting off for London next week.‎ It was at six o’clock that we arrived at the mountain village.‎ It was at the hotel room that the gentleman had stayed.‎ 十三、it的特殊用法：‎ ‎1. 指代时间、距离、自然现象(天气)等。‎ e.g. It is half past two now. (指时间)‎ It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)‎ A lovely day, isn’t it? (指天气)‎ ‎2. 指环境情况等。 ‎ e.g. It is very noisy at the moment.　‎ ‎3. 用于某些习语搭配。‎ make it　及时赶到；成功完成 catch it　受处罚，被责骂 代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话、填空或改错形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中考查不定代词one，the one，ones与that，those，it的用法区别最为常见。‎ ‎　　考点一、考查one(s), that, those, it的用法。‎ ‎　　● one泛指一个人或物，其复数形式为ones；one和the one作同位语时，如果与其同位的词语是特指，则用the one；如果是泛指，则用one。‎ ‎　　● that指代前面提到过的名词，常有后置定语，that的复数形式是those，that可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词，或指代前面提到过的一件事。‎ ‎● it可指代前面提到过的一个名词,如例7;指代一件事；指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人，也可指代时间、天气、距离等。‎ ‎　　二、考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法。‎ ‎　　● both表示“两个人或物都”，具有肯定含义； either表示“两者中的任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”。‎ ‎● all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物，all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”，none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”，在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”。‎ ‎　　三、考查another, the other, others, the others的用法。‎ ‎　　● another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个，another还可以作形容词，表示“另一个的”‎ ‎　　● the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个 ‎　　● others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物”‎ ‎● the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”，如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用the rest替代。‎ ‎　　四、考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法。‎ ‎　　● few和little可用作代词和形容词。 few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。few有否定含义， a few有肯定含义，little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义，a little含肯定含义。‎ ‎● some和any表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑问句和条件句中, some也可用于疑问句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个”。‎ ‎　　五、考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它们与else的搭配。‎ ‎　　● 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致。‎ ‎　　● nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定。‎ ‎　　● 无论在肯定句、否定句还是疑问句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”。‎ ‎● 不定代词后跟else时，表示“另外的,其他的”；形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时，应置于不定代词之后。以上不定代词连写时，不和of连用，every one可和of连用。‎ ‎【真题分析】‎ 一、单项选择 ‎1. (2016·浙江) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.‎ A. that B. this C. one D. it ‎【答案】A ‎2. (2015·重庆) The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.‎ A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。‎ ‎3. (2015·浙江) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ ‎ A. them B. one C. those D. it ‎【答案】D ‎4. (2015·天津) The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于ー些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词 the quality of education，故用代词that。代词和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。‎ ‎5. (2015·陕西) To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .‎ A. another B. the other C. other D. either ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。‎ ‎6. (2015·福建) The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _________contained any useful suggestions.‎ A. all B. none C. either D. Neither ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查代词辨析。试题分析：考查代词辨析。该句中A. all全部；B. none没有一个；C. either两个中任何一个；D.两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D本题考查副词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。‎ 二、单句填空 ‎1. (2018·全国III卷) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _____68_____(they) alive.‎ ‎【答案】them ‎【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。‎ ‎2. (2018·全国I卷) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give____70____a try.‎ ‎【答案】it ‎3. (2018·浙江卷) Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out.‎ ‎【答案】who/that; it ‎【解析】57考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。58考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。‎ ‎4. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.‎ ‎【答案】it　‎ ‎【解析】it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。‎ ‎5. (2017·浙江高考) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.‎ ‎【答案】myself　‎ ‎【解析】由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词作宾语。‎ ‎6. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ) On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.‎ ‎【答案】its　‎ ‎【解析】根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词作定语。‎ ‎7. (2016·浙江高考) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK.‎ ‎【答案】that　‎ ‎【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。‎ ‎8. (2015·重庆高考)The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.‎ ‎【答案】nobody　‎ ‎【解析】句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody “没有人”符合句意。‎ ‎9. (2015·四川高考) Niki is always full of ideas, but ________ is useful to my knowledge.‎ ‎【答案】none　‎ ‎10. (2015·福建高考)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.‎ ‎【答案】neither　‎ ‎【解析】句意：这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告，但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据句意，表示“两者都不”，用neither。‎ 二、单句改错 ‎1. (2018·全国III卷) I had done myself homework but I was shy.‎ ‎【答案】myself→my ‎【解析】考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。‎ ‎2. (2018·全国II卷) They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.‎ ‎【答案】us→me ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。‎ ‎3. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school ... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.‎ ‎【答案】your→my　‎ ‎【解析】此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my。‎ ‎4. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. ‎ ‎【答案】your→our　‎ ‎5. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ) At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. ‎ ‎【答案】yourself→myself　‎ ‎【解析】根据语境可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。‎ ‎6. (2016·四川卷) When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.‎ ‎【答案】her→his　‎ ‎【解析】由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。‎ ‎7. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.‎ ‎【答案】saw后加his　‎ ‎【解析】根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。‎ ‎8 (2015·浙江卷) Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.‎ ‎【答案】them→it　‎ ‎【解析】a beautiful park为单数，故应用it指代。‎ ‎【对点测试】‎ 一、单项选择 ‎1. (2018·江苏扬州中学) A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably ______.‎ A. neither B. none C. either D. both ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：孩子应该每日食用肉类或蛋类，最好两种都吃。A. neither两个都不；B. none没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西；C. either两个中任意一个；D. both两个都。根据语境判断是“两者都”，故选D。‎ ‎2. (2018·江苏无锡一中) What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂鸦)? If your flower, for example, has a large circular center, _____ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.‎ A. which B. as C. this D. such ‎【答案】C ‎3. (2018·江苏泰州中学) Visitors took all the trouble with all well arranged by the travel agency.‎ A. for everything B. for something C. for nothing D. for anything ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查不定代词。句意：旅行社把一切安排得很好，来访者把所有的麻烦都看成是免费的。for nothing免费，故选C。‎ ‎4. (2018·江苏泰州中学 ) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ A. them B. one C. those D. it ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查代词It。试题分析：句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。‎ ‎5. (2018·南京师大附中) If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really ________．‎ A. none B. some C. many D. nothing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：如果你用消极的眼光看待事物，你会发现到处都是错误，到处都是问题。A. none没有任何东西；B. some一些；C. many许多；D. nothing无事，无物。此处指没有问题的地方也有问题，故选A.‎ ‎6. (2018· 江苏常熟中学) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut It off without asking you?‎ A. them B. one C. those D. it ‎【答案】D ‎7. (2018· 北京人大附中) To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.‎ A. one B. ones C. that D. those ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了女朋友的信任，然后是她父母的信任。根据句意可知此处指代名词不可数名词trust，用that。故选C。‎ ‎8. (2018· 北京精华学校) I wanted to give you some bread, but ________ was left.‎ A. neither B. nothing C. none D. no one ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查不定代词。句意：我想给你一些面包，但是没有剩下。neither表两者都不，nothing表示什么东西也没有，none可以指没有一个(事物)，也可指没有一个人。no one只能指没有一个人，故选C。‎ ‎9. (2018· 天津南开中学) Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over _____ made of natural fibers like cotton, wool or silk.‎ A. this B. one C. that D. what ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查代词：句意：人造纤维的衣服比天然纤维，比如：棉花，羊毛或丝绸制作的衣服有一定的好处。这里填的代词是泛指不可数名词Clothing，用that是特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，而且后面还有后置定语，one是泛指前面的可数名词单数，the ones特指前面的可数名词复数，what可以引导名词性从句， 故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】代词首先要弄清它指代的是什么，指代的数量，指代可数名词单数还是不可数名词，泛指还是特指，结合句意和代词本身的用法，再进行辨析 ‎ ‎10. (2018·天津耀华中学 ) --- I’ve read another book this week.‎ ‎---Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.‎ A. this B. that C. there D. it ‎【答案】D 二、单句填空 ‎1. (2018·) Another teacher told him she was giving him a good mark not only because he had earned ___49___ but because she liked his coat.‎ ‎【答案】it ‎【解析】C考查代词：it代指前面的a good mark。故填it。‎ ‎2. (2018·江苏无锡一中) What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂鸦)? If your flower, for example, has a large circular center, _____ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.‎ A. which B. as C. this D. such ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理？例如，如果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心，这表明你充满自信，社交生活愉快。if引导条件状语从句，因此“____ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life”是主句，无须连词，which和as是连词，故A、B不正确；this指代上文提到的事情；such表示“诸如此类的人或事”。根据语境，故选C。‎ ‎3. (2018·山西大同一中) When the children were asked to read aloud to a dog and ___50___ trainer, they were less upset.‎ ‎【答案】its ‎【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：当孩子们被要求大声朗读给狗和它的训练员时，他们就不那么沮丧了。此处指“狗的训练员”，故答案为its。‎ ‎4. (2018·河北武邑中学) It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under ___69___ (they) control.‎ ‎【答案】their ‎5. (2018· 河北衡水中学)The road ___45___（it）has already been completed, and n ow it’s only a matter of connecting the grid（输电网）, ‎ ‎【答案】itself ‎【解析】考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself做同位语，故答案为itself。‎ ‎6. (2018· 杭州外国语学校) She checked our work stamping her name at the bottom of the papers to show that she had read ____23____.‎ ‎【答案】them ‎【解析】考查代词。此处指代上文提到的the papers，用人称代词的复数them。故填them。‎ ‎7. (2018· 江西临川一中) That’s the sound of a seat belt locking in place. Seat belts save lives and that’s a fact. That’s why I don’t drive anywhere until ____41____ (I) is on tight.‎ ‎【答案】mine ‎【解析】考查代词。上文讲述了安全带的重要性，因此推断句意：这就是为什么直到我们的安全带仅仅系上我们才去某地。mine相当于my seat belt，是名词性物主代词。故填mine。‎ ‎8. (2018·全国名校联盟) Hope these measures will protect our wetlands, and the day will come back when ___50___ hear aquatic birds singing near our cities.‎ ‎【答案】we ‎【解析】考查代词。根据前文的Hope these measures will protect our wetlands,中的our可知后句用we，做主语。‎ ‎9. (2018·广东顺德李兆基中学) To protect ___43___ (you), it is important to learn the basic characteristic of fire. In less than 30 seconds, a small flame can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire.‎ ‎【答案】yourself ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：为了保护你自己，了解火的基本特征是必需的。根据语境，应该使用反身代词，故填yourself。‎ ‎10. (2018·浙江杭州市模拟) During the winter, they remind____41____ ( they ),” This won’t last long and we will soon be out of here.”‎ ‎【答案】themselves ‎【解析】考查代词的用法。根据句意“他们提醒他们自己”，用反身代themselves。‎ 三、单句改错 ‎1. (2018·全国名校联盟) Besides, we should respect our teachers because they are always there to help you.‎ ‎【答案】you→us ‎【解析】考查代词。根据句意：而且，我们应该尊重我们的老师因为他们总是时刻帮助我们，故将you改为us。‎ ‎2. (2018·湖北黄冈中学) I sincerely hope that you can give me a chance to improve yourself in your university.‎ ‎【答案】yourself→myself ‎3. (2018·湖南长郡中学) Suddenly the student realizes that there was anything wrong.‎ ‎【答案】anything→something ‎【解析】考查代词。代词anything通常用于疑问句和否定句中，something通常用于肯定句中。本句是一个肯定句，所以使用something。句意：突然这个学生意识到出了错误。‎ ‎4. (2018·河北衡水中学) We place different chairs along our route and invite him to sit and took a rest.‎ ‎【答案】our→his ‎【解析】代词用法错误。根据上文可知，这里代词应为his，表示“沿着他走的路线”。句意：我们沿着他的路线放置不同的椅子。故将our改为his。‎ ‎5. (2018· 河北衡水中学) Some coffee shops were decorated pretty well, which attracted our eyes.‎ ‎【答案】our→my ‎【解析】考查形容词性的物主代词。一些咖啡馆装饰得很好，吸引了我的目光。根据前面人称I，故把our改成my。‎ ‎6. (2018·广东中山一中等 ) This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human’s space exploration.‎ ‎【答案】myself→me ‎7. (2018·福建厦门大同中学) In a while I felt so cold my body was trembling. I was rushed to the hospital again. That time I stayed there until I was fully recovered.‎ ‎【答案】That→This ‎【解析】考查代词。句意：我又被送往医院。这次我待在那里直到我完全康复。分析句子可知，是近指而非远指。故把That改为This。‎ ‎8. (2018·江西临川一中 ) In March, Lu and his wife transferred all the money they saved it in more than 10 bank accounts to South China Agricultural University...‎ ‎【答案】去掉saved后的it ‎【解析】考查代词。“they saved”是定语从句，先行词是money，money在从句中作宾语，因此从句中的it是多余的。故去掉saved后的it。‎ ‎9. (2018·广东仲元中学) What's more, it is helpful for you to improve the ability to make things by hands. It not only brings us pleasure but reduces waste around us.‎ ‎【答案】you→us ‎【解析】考查人称代词。句意：另外，它有助于我们提高手工制作东西的能力。结合句意可知把you改成us。‎ ‎10. (2018· 辽宁六校协作体) Under his guidance, we’ve learned what to solve problems. He is so learned a person that we all admire her.‎ ‎【答案】her→him ‎【解析】考查人称代词。句意：他是如此的博学，我们都钦佩他。结合句意可知把her改成him。‎ 四、单句翻译（代词）‎ ‎1. 我不知道怎么啦。今天我感觉不舒服。(oneself)‎ ‎【答案】I don’t know what’s the matter with me. I’m not myself today.‎ ‎【解析】反身代词在be, feel, look,‎ ‎ seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。‎ ‎2. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。(those)‎ ‎【答案】Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. ‎ ‎3. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。(neither)‎ ‎【答案】He has two sons, neither of whom is rich.‎ ‎【解析】用于指两者的不定代词主要有both, either, neither，用于指三者的不定代词主要有all, any, none, every。‎ ‎4. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。(that)‎ ‎【答案】The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.‎ ‎【解析】当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词通常用that。‎ ‎5. 他比班上其他学生聪明。(others/other)‎ ‎【答案】He is cleverer than the others /the other students/any other student in her class.‎ ‎【解析】others永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”，同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other＋复数名词”。‎ ‎ ‎