通用版2018高考英语一轮复习基础知识解读Unit1Friendship 13页

Unit 1　Friendship Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 ‎1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 ‎ vt. 使不安；使心烦 ‎2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 ‎3．calm vt.&vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定 ‎ adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 ‎4．grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的 ‎5．loose adj. 松的；松开的 ‎6．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年 ‎7．power n. 能力；力量；权力 ‎→powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 ‎→powerless adj. 无力的 ‎8．suffer vt.&vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 ‎→suffering n. 折磨；苦难 ‎9．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 ‎→recovery n. 恢复；康复 ‎10．entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 ‎→entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 ‎11．dust n. 灰尘 ‎→dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 ‎12．settle vt. 使定居；安排；解决 ‎→settler n. 移居者；定居者 ‎→settlement n. 解决；处理 ‎13．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 ‎ n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 ‎→concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的 ‎→concerning prep. 关于；涉及 ‎14．exact adj. 准确的；精密的；精确的 ‎→exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地 ‎15．agree vi. 同意 ‎→agreement n. 协议；同意；一致 ‎→disagree vi. 不同意 ‎16．like vt. 喜欢 ‎ ‎ prep. 像；如同 ‎→dislike n．&vt. 不喜欢；厌恶 ‎17．outdoor adj. 户外的；室外的 ‎→outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 ‎ ‎ n. 野外；郊外 ‎→indoors adv. 在室内；进入户内 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 ‎18．curtain n． 窗帘；门帘；幕布 ‎19．series n. 连续；系列 ‎20．thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣 ‎ 　　　　n. 雷；雷声 ‎21．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt. 倾斜；翻倒 ‎22．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 ‎23．highway n. 公路；大路 ‎24．item n. 项目；条款 ‎25．swap vt. 交换 高频短语——会默写 ‎1．add up 合计 ‎2．calm(...)down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来 ‎3．be concerned about 关心；挂念 ‎4．go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查 ‎5．set down 记下；放下；登记 ‎6．a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 ‎7．on purpose 故意地；有目的地 ‎8．at dusk 在黄昏时刻 ‎9．face to face 面对面地 ‎10．suffer from 遭受；患病 ‎11．get/be tired of 对……厌烦 ‎12．pack(sth.)up 将(东西)装箱打包 ‎13．get along with 与……相处；进展 ‎14．fall in love 相爱；爱上 ‎15．join in 参加；加入 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 ‎1.While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(时间状语从句的省略)‎ ‎1.因此，当坐在教室里做试卷的时候，我感到自信而且精力充沛。So while sitting in the classroom and doing my papers，I felt confident and was full of energy.‎ ‎2.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(强调句型)‎ ‎2.众所周知，清华大学是在100多年前建立的。‎ As is known to all，it was more than 100 years ago that Tinghua University was founded.‎ ‎3.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.(there was a time when...句型中，when引导定语从句修饰先行词a time)‎ ‎3.在中国历史上，曾经有过一段时期中国是世界上最强大和最富裕的国家。‎ In Chinese history，there was a time when China was the strongest and richest country in the world.‎ ‎4....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...(It's the first/second/ last time... that...某人第一/二/ 最后一次做……)‎ ‎4.景海鹏，中国的一位宇航员第三次被送往太空。‎ It is the third time that Jing Haipeng，a Chinese astraunt，has been sent to space.‎ ‎5.She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.(before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”)‎ ‎5.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。‎ If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.‎ 精讲4个考纲单词 ‎ upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦 ‎[高考佳句]　What impressed me most was that I failed in an English exam，feeling extremely upset and disappointed. (2015年湖南高考·写作)‎ 让我印象最深的是，一次英语考试我的成绩不及格，这使我感到非常难过和失望。‎ ‎(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过 be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过 ‎(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼 It upsets sb.to do sth./that ... 让某人心烦的是……‎ ‎①She was upset to know that her application for the position was refused.知道她对这个职位的申请遭到了拒绝，她感到很沮丧。‎ ‎②Don't upset yourself about it—no harm has been done.不要为那件事烦恼——没有造成损失。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 我曾经不擅长英语，掌握词汇少，语法也差，这使我确实伤心。(2014年山东高考·书面表达)‎ ‎①Once I was not very good at English.I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor，which really upset me．(upset vt.)‎ ‎②Once I was not very good at English.I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor，so it really made me upset．(upset adj.) ‎ ‎【导学号：30892000】‎ ‎ concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及　n．担心；关注；(利害)关系 ‎[高考佳句]　It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.(2014年福建高考·书面表达)是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。‎ ‎(1)It's none of your concern. 这不关你的事。‎ show/express concern about/with 对……表示担心 ‎(2)concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心……‎ concern oneself with 从事，参与……‎ ‎(3)be concerned about/for 关心；挂念 as far as sb. be concerned 就……而言 be concerned with/in 与……有关；涉及到；参与 ‎(4)concerning prep. 关于；有关 ‎①Others are concerned(concern)about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．‎ 其他人关心使用那些需要较少水和肥料的园艺方法。(2016年全国甲卷·阅读七选五)‎ ‎②The professor will deliver a lecture concerning(concern) environmental protection.‎ 这位教授将做一场关于环保的报告。‎ ‎[联想发散]　as/so far as sb. be concerned的同义表达：‎ ‎①in one's opinion/view　②from one's point of view ‎③personally (speaking)‎ ‎ suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历 ‎[高考佳句]　Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood.(2016年天津高考·完形填空)‎ Cathy在童年早期患有某种可怕的病。‎ ‎(1)suffer pain/defeat/damage/loss 遭受痛苦/失败/破坏/损失 suffer from 受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病 ‎(2)suffering n. 痛苦；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 患者；受害者 ‎①A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods.‎ 募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受洪灾的人们。‎ ‎②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings(suffer) during the war.‎ 据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。‎ ‎[链接写作]　句式升级 ‎①他已经患有肺癌。‎ He has suffered from lung cancer.‎ ‎②这名患者决定戒烟。‎ The sufferer decides to give up smoking.‎ ‎③用非谓语动词作状语连接①②句。‎ Having suffered from lung cancer,the sufferer decides to give up smoking.‎ ‎【导学号：30892001】‎ ‎ power n. 能力；力量；权力；动力 ‎[教材原句]　The dark，rainy evening，the wind，the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power...‎ 漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我完全被这种力量镇住了……‎ ‎(1)come to/into power 掌权；上台 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 do all/everything in one's power＝do one's best ‎ 尽力而为；竭尽全力 ‎(2)powerful adj. 强大的 powerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的 ‎①It has been two years since the party came to power.这个政党上台执政已两年了。‎ ‎②It is believed that Putin is the most powerful (power) man in Russia.‎ 人们认为普京是俄罗斯最强大的人。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。(2014年天津高考·书面表达)‎ ‎①We'll do everything in our power to help you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.‎ ‎②We will do our best to help you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.‎ ‎③We will do what we can to help you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.‎ 诠释3个核心短语 ‎ add up合计；把……加起来 ‎[经典例句]　Add up all the expenses and you'll find that you cannot afford the trip.把所有的费用加起来，你会发现旅游费用你负担不起。‎ ‎(1)add sth.up 把……加起来 add sth.to sth. 把……加到/进……里 add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)‎ add to 增加；增添 ‎(2)in addition 另外 in addition to 除……之外 ‎①As is known to all，good friends add happiness and value to life.众所周知，好朋友会给生活添加快乐，使生活更有意义。‎ ‎②The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.船的马达失灵了，并且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。‎ ‎③In addition(add)by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.(2016年全国乙卷·书面表达)‎ 此外，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵经验以致于能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。‎ ‎ go through经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中go through的含义 ‎①I always start the day by going through my email. 查看，查阅 ‎②The plan went through，which made us all happy. 通过 ‎③Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 经历 ‎④As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱhad a different experience. 看完 go against 违背；违反 go by 逝去；过去 go on 继续；进行；发生 go out 出去；熄灭 go over 复习；仔细检查 go up 上涨；上升；攀登 ‎⑤Our teacher chose many important exercises for us，and I went over the language points at the same time.(2014年四川高考·书面表达)‎ 我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我复习了语法要点。‎ ‎ get along with 与……相处；进展 ‎[经典例句]　As an outgoing girl，I get along well with my classmates.‎ 作为一个外向的女孩，我和我的同学相处得很好。‎ ‎(1)get along/on (well/nicely) with sb. 和某人相处得(好)‎ get along/on (well/nicely/smoothly) with sth.‎ ‎ 某事进展得(好/顺利)‎ ‎(2)get across(to sb.) 讲清楚；(使)被领会 get about/around (消息)传开 get down to(doing) sth. 开始做某事 get over 克服 ‎①I wonder if you are getting along well with your English now.我在想你现在是否能把英语学好。‎ ‎②No matter how I explain，I just can't get it across to her.‎ 不管我怎么解释，我都无法让她明白这件事。‎ ‎③It's time that I got down to thinking (think) about my future.‎ 我该好好考虑一下我的未来了。‎ 突破3个高考句型 ‎ (教材P1)While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ 当遛狗的时候，你不小心让它松了，狗被车撞伤了。‎ while walking...为一个省略句，相当于while you were walking...。‎ While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.‎ 爬山时，我们可以享受这温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。‎ 当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语同主句主语一致或主语是it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语与be动词。‎ ‎①If necessary，you should turn to your parents for help.如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。‎ ‎②If accepted (accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.(2015年北京高考·单选改编)‎ 如果你被接受做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。‎ ‎ (教材P2)I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. ‎ 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。‎ it is/was＋被强调部分＋that...为强调句型。‎ It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress me.‎ 给我们留下深刻印象的不仅是你的热情，合作而且还有良好的精神状态。‎ 强调句型 基本句式 it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分 一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who＋其他部分(若放于宾语从句位置应使用陈述语序)‎ not...until...‎ 句型的强调句 It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分 ‎①It is the people who obey the traffic rules that matter in reducing traffic accidents.(2015年江苏高考·书面表达)在减少交通事故上，是遵守交通规则的人们起紧要作用。‎ ‎②Was it because he behaved badly that he was punished by his teacher?‎ 是因为他表现太差才受到他老师的惩罚吗？‎ ‎③Why was it that he was punished by his teacher?‎ 他到底因为什么受到老师的惩罚呢？‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 直到他失去工作他才意识到学习的重要性。‎ He didn't realize the importance of study until he lost his job.‎ ‎→It was not until he lost his job that he realized the importance of study.(强调句)‎ ‎→Not until he lost his job did he realize the importance of study.(倒装句)‎ ‎ (教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered．‎ 她与她的家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。‎ before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。‎ ‎(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“还没来得及……就……”。‎ ‎(2)强调动作发生的时间长，意为“过了(多久)才……”。‎ ‎(3)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。‎ ‎(4)在“It＋be＋not＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。‎ ‎①The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names.(2014年陕西高考·单选)我还没来得及问他们的名字，归还我丢失钱包的年轻夫妇就已经离开了。‎ ‎②As a matter of fact，it was a long time before I knew the truth.‎ 事实上，过了好长时间我才知道事实的真相。‎ ‎③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.‎ 约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“It＋be＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。‎ ‎④As far as I know，it is/has been five years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军五年了。‎ ‎[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型——————————————‎ 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I set my feelings on the blog，which is my hobby.‎ ‎2．Having got (tire) of staying indoors for days，we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.‎ ‎3．—How can you say that?‎ ‎—Sorry.I didn't mean to hurt you purpose.‎ ‎【导学号：30892002】‎ ‎4．The government has taken series of measures to stop house prices from rising sharply.‎ ‎5． (suffer) such a heavy loss，the boss didn't have the courage to go on with his business.‎ ‎【答案】　1.down　2.tired　3.on　4.a　5.Having suffered Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Many young men disagree their parents on most things because of generation gap.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．It's no pleasure look through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．Although I try to talk to my classmates，I still find it hard make good friends with them.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．It is your attitude towards it which matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.disagree后加with　2.look→looking　3.make前加to　4.which→that 重难考点多维练 ‎1．concern用法面面观 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①All the people (concern) with the case will be questioned by the police.‎ ‎②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information (concern) the interview. ‎ ‎【导学号：30892003】‎ ‎③The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.‎ ‎④ (concern) about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.‎ ‎(2)一句多译 就我个人而言，重要的是你的个人能力而不是你的背景。‎ ‎⑤ ，it is your ability rather than your background that counts.(concerned)‎ ‎⑥ ，it is your ability rather than your background that counts.(opinion)‎ ‎⑦ ，it is your ability rather than your background that counts.(view)‎ ‎【答案】　①concerned　②concerning　③with；for　④Concerned　⑤As far as I'm concerned　⑥In my opinion　⑦From my point of view/In my view ‎2．省略句型全接触 ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①(2017·太原检测·书面表达)While (enjoy)the meal，some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance，making the elderly very happy.‎ ‎②The problem，unless (handle) properly，may lead to misunderstanding between the two sides. ‎ ‎【导学号：30892004】‎ ‎(2)句型转换(每空一词)‎ ‎③When you are crossing the street，you should be careful.‎ ‎→ ，you should be careful.‎ ‎④Don't hesitate to turn to me for help when it is necessary.‎ ‎→Don't hesitate to turn to me for help ．‎ ‎【答案】　①enjoying　②handled　③When crossing the street　④when necessary Ⅰ.课文语法填空 根据P2课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A good friend is someone who you can tell everything to，even your most personal feelings and 1. (think)．Anne Frank treated her diary as her 2. (good) friend.‎ The German Nazis were in search of Anne and her family.The family had to hide away from the chase.They didn't dare 3. (go) out even in the evenings.They had to stay 4. (indoor) day and night.Not 5. (be) able to go out for such a long time，Anne missed the beauty of nature so much 6. she grew crazy 7. everything to do with it.One evening she stayed up on purpose until eleven thirty just to see 8. moonlight.She said，“This is the first time I 9. (see) the moonlight since I came here.”‎ ‎10． (unfortunate)，Anne and her family were discovered at last and taken away from the hiding place.‎ ‎【答案】　1.thoughts　2.best　3.(to) go　4.indoors　5.being　6.that　7.about　8.the　9.have seen　10.Unfortunately Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。‎ ‎1．要想拥有朋友，你必须做一个诚实的人。(in order to；have got to)‎ ‎2．首先，最好加入一些俱乐部并多参加活动以结识陌生人。(join；join in)‎ ‎3．其次，一旦你有了朋友，要学会去关心他们。(be concerned about)‎ ‎4．在任何时候不要忽视他们。(ignore)‎ ‎5．最后但同样重要的是，要和他们好好相处，并经常和他们交流。(get along with)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ In order to have friends，you have got to be an honest person.First，you'd better join some clubs and join in some activities to meet new people.Second，once you have friends，try to be concerned about them.Don't ignore them at any time.Last but not least，you should get along well with them and often communicate with them.‎