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2018年下半年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语
本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。全卷共12页，选择题部分1至9页，非选择题部分10至12页。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：
1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。
2.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。
选择题部分
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman want to do?
A.Watch TV. B.Go for a walk. C.Access the Internet.
2.Why would the woman like to have a Chinese name?
A.She is taking a Chinese class.
B.She will be working in China.
C.She has made some Chinese friends.
3.What are the speakers talking about?
A.A travel plan. B.An exam result. C.A sports game.
4.What has the man been doing?
A.Writing something. B.Repairing his pen. C.Shopping.
5.What does John suggest the woman do?
A.Meet his friend.
B.Ask Harry for help.
C.Go to the airport with him.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Where are the speakers?
A.In a bank B.In a hotel. C.In a restaurant.
7.How much does the man need to pay?
A.$68 B.$136 C.$204
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Whose birthday is it?
A.Sarah's. B.Michael's. C.Rebecca's.
9.When will the birthday party begin?
A.At6:15. B.At6:30. C.At7:00.
10.What does the man want to know?
A.What to buy. B.Who to call. C.Where to park.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Why was Julia absent from the class?
A.She was ill. B.She got up late. C.She wen to a party.
12.What has Robert got for Julia?
A.Textbooks. B.oi paintings. C.Lecture notes.
13.Where will the speakers meet on Saturday?
A.At Robert's home. B.At a bar C.At a shop.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.What is the woman doing?
A.Attending a seminar. B.Giving some advice.C.Doing an interview.
15.How often does the man travel by bus?
A.Twice a day. B.Every other day. C.Once a week.
16.How does the man feel about the bus service?
A.It's good. B.It's fair. C.It's poor.
17.What improvement should the bus company make?
A.Buses should be more punctual.
B.Drivers should be more polite.
C.Seats should be more comfortable.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Who is Pierre?
A.A doctor from Senegal.
B.A university researcher.
C.A United Nations official.
19.What does Pierre mainly talk about?
A.Food supplies in the world.
B.The role that the UN plays.
C.The purpose of his study.
20.What is the expected outcome of Pierre's work?
A.A new medicine. B.A new type of rice. C.A new farming method.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The most welcome sight on a cold,wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a London taxi cab approaching with its yellow "for hire" sign shining brightly. That shows it is ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place
to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.
The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies."Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect(方言）of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute journey across town can become very interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver's Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers or actors and actresses.
They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible without even looking at a map, because everyone who
wants to become a taxi driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called "The Knowledge." It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one place to another. They must take into account the time of day --in rush hour, a longer route（路线）may be quicker -- and describe the best way. Moreover they must never forget the one-way streets!
21.From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?
A.Their interest. B.Their manners.
C.Their speech. D.Their appearance.
22.What does the author suggest by mentioning "Aunty Nellie”in paragraph 2?
A. Passengers are full of curiosity.
B. Cabbies' topics are wide-ranging.
C. Aunty Nellie is popular in London.
D .Londoners are friendly to each other.
23.What is the purpose of "The Knowledge"?
A.To qualify one to drive a taxi. B.To assess one's driving skills.
C.To test drivers' ability to write. D.To check taxi drivers' memory.
B
This month millions of American kids can forget
about classroom bells and set off for grandparents' homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands. But summer vacation hasn't always been a birthright of U.S. schoolchildren. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars(日历）, neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural(农村的）schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.
In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors' concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.
But people's opinion about the modern U.S.school year, which averages 180 days,is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation
rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships（实习）or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.
24.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A.Enjoy a summer vacation.
B.Take a break each quarter.
C.Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D.Assist their parents with farm work.
25.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?
A.They introduced summer vacation.
B.They shortened rural school terms.
C.They promoted the study of farming.
D.They advocated higher pay for teachers.
26.Why are some people unhappy about the modem U.S.school year?
A.It pushes the teachers too hard. B.It reduces the quality of education.
C.It ignores science instruction. D.It includes no time
for internships.
C
I start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. Often the pairings of books and settings have been purely accidental: "Moby Dick" on a three-day cross-country train trip；“The Magic Mountain"in a New England beachside cottage with no locks on the doors, no telephones or televisions in the rooms, and little to do beyond row on the salt pond. Attempting "The Man Without Qualities" on a return to Hawaii, my native state, however, was less fruitful: I made it through one and a quarter volumes(册），then decided that I'd got the point and went swimming instead.
But this summer I find myself at a loss. I'm not quite interested in Balzac, say, or“Tristram Shandy." There's always "War and Peace," which I've covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War"part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone's name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite -once more into “The Waves”or “Justine,” which feels almost like cheating, too
exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.
And then there's Stendhal's "The Red and the Black," which happens to be the name of my favorite cocktail（鸡尾酒）of the summer, created by Michael Cecconi at Savoy and Back Forty. It is easy to drink, and knocking back three or four seems like such a delightful idea. Cecconi's theory:“ I take whatever's fresh at the greenmarket and turn it into liquid."The result is a pure shot of afternoon in the park, making one feel cheerful and peaceful all at once, lying on uncut grass with eyes shut, sun beating through the lids..…
27.What can we infer about the author from the first paragraph?
A.He has a cottage in New England. B.He shows talents for literature.
C.He enjoys reading when traveling. D.He admires a lot of great writers.
28.What do the underlined words “get bogged down”in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Get confused. B.Be carried away.
C.Be interrupted. D.Make no progress.
29.Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like
cheating?
A.He finishes them quickly. B.He should read something serious.
C.He barely understands them. D.He has read them many times before.
30.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.The Books of Summer B.My Summer Holidays
C.To Read or Not to Read D.It's Never Too Late to Read
第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says "Thank you”? Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you?Who asks for a fact easily found on the Internet? 31 Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little courtesies(礼节）. But many social norms（规范）just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post's Etiquette, asked, “At what point does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?"
32 Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those
messages.In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
This isn't the first time technology has changed our manners. 33 Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people say, "Ahoy!” Finally,hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting's use in face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital map. 34 And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones ,appreciate a thank-you message. 35 In traditional societies, the young learn from the old.But in modem societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.
A.Then there is voice mail.
B.Others,like me,want no reply.
C.But people still ask these things.
D.Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time?
E.Won't new technology bring about changes in our daily life?
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G.When the telephone was invented,people didn't know how to greet a caller.
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I had a student today who got his finger stuck inside a test tube in science class. It was really quite stuck. This young man's finger 36 to get whiter and whiter right before my eyes.
Remaining 37 , I suggested he carefully rotate(转动)the tube. It wouldn't move a bit. He 38 soap and cold water. Still stuck. Meanwhile 39 was breaking out in the class. Finally, I 40 the young man to our secretary, who was
a miracle(奇迹) worker 41 three kids of her own. With her in charge, I was 42 all would be OK.
To get the students back in order, I 43 my own story of getting my 44 stuck between the rails of a balcony. Same kind of curiosity, I remembered 45 then how far I could thrust(塞）my knee between the rails. Inch by inch, I kept 46 and before I knew it, my knee was stuck and 47 before my eyes and in front of lots of 48 at a popular Las Vegas hotel!
Hearing my story, many students followed with their own 49 of heads, arms, fingers stuck in places they shouldn't 50 . A few minutes later, the young man came back, test tube unbroken and finger 51 to a lovely shade of pink.
I just couldn't 52 this kid. He's only twelve. I too got my knee unstuck, but not without great 53 . The excuse for me, however, was not 54 but plain stupidity. I was 55 fifty years old when this happened.
36.A.used B.needed C.happened D.continued
37.A.calm B.silent C.cheerful D.active
38.A.lost B.fetched C.tried D.accepted
39.A.fire B.chaos C.violence D.argument
40.A.described B.carried C.introduced D.sent
41.A.raising B.observing C.saving D.teaching
42.A.happy B.doubtful C.surprised D.confident
43.A.shared B.wrote C.read D.heard
44.A.head B.keen C.arm D.foot
45.A.calculating B.explaining C.wondering D.reporting
46.A.pushing B.climbing C.walking D.kicking
47.A.shaking B.lifting C.resting D.swelling
48.A.doctors B.strangers C.managers D.students
49.A.findings B.conclusions C.stories D.news
50.A.be B.exist C.stay D.stop
51.A.pointing B.returning C.belonging D.growing
52.A.get along with B.get rid of C.get used to D.get mad at
53.A.encouragement B.disappointment C.embarrassment D.achievement
54.A.ambition B.youth C.bravery D.experiment
55.A.in the end B.in total C.after all D.at any rate
非选择题部分
注意：将答案写在答题纸上。写在本试卷上无效。
第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably 56 (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine 57 (be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. 58 (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple,and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup 59 two of coffee a day-seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee 60 the late afternoon or evening will cause 61 (they)to stay awake almost all night.Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem 62 (cal) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can't sleep.
It is possible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷）in humans, too. One study showed that 64 (woman)who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely 65 (have) children with birth
defects.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，乘坐FL753航班抵达伦敦后发现钱包遗失。请给航空公司写一封邮
件说明情况并寻求帮助。内容包括：
1.行程信息：
2.钱包特征；
3.联系方式。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and,of course,the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to
find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won't be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(倾问)，and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at
collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
2018年下半年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
第一部分听力
1.C 2. B 3. C 4.A 5.B 6. B 7. A 8. A. 9. C 10. C
11.A 12 C 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17.A 18. B 19 C 20. B
听力原文见以下
第二部分 阅读理解
21 C 22 B 23 A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28 D 29 B 30 A
31.-35 DAGCB
第三部分 语言应用
36-40 DACBD 41-45 ADABC 46-50ADBCA 51-55 BDCBC
56. have used / have been using 57 is (was) 58 Recently 59 or 60 in 61.them 62 called 63 that 64. women 65 to have
第四部分：应用文（Roger）仅供参考
Dear Sir/ Madam ,
I am writing to report the loss of my wallet. On 1st November, 2018 I flew business class on your flight 753 from China to London.
I clearly remember it was with me immediately I boarded the plane. However, on arrival in London Heathrow Airport, I found it gone. I guess it must have slipped out of my pocket during the flight. It is a black leather one with around 200 dollars, my ID card, and 2 credit cards in it. Along with the items mentioned above, the wallet contains a family photo, my precious memory. As you can imagine, these matter a lot to me.
Has anybody happened to find it? Please email me at xxx@googlemail.com
Thank you for your time and support.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
第五部分：概要写作 仅供参考
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering online is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.(63字）
听力原文
Text 1
W: The Internet is down again. Oh, what can I do?
M: You can read a book, watch TV, take a walk...There are a lot of things to do.
W: I don't mean that. I mean, how can I reconnect to it?
Text 2
W: Brad, I've got this list of Chinese names here. Could you help me pick one?
M: So you are serious about having a Chinese name for your job in China?
W: Yes, two of my friends in the team have already got theirs.
Text3
W: What's the score now?
M: It's 3-2 at the moment in England's favor. But Spain seems to be taking the upper hand on the field.
Text 4
M: Oops! My pen is out of ink. I haven't finished it yet.
W: You can borrow mine.
M: Thank you. I'll buy a new one tomorrow.
Text 5
W: John, could you give me a lifthome this evening? My car's at the garage.
M: I'd love to help you. But I promised to meet someone at the airport after work. Harry goes your way, though. Why don't you ask him?
Text 6
W: Good afternoon, sir. Can I help you?
M: Yes, we need a room for the night. Have you got any rooms available?
W: Yes, would you like a single room or a double room?
M: A double room.
W: How many nights would you like to stay?
M: We are only staying overnight. We'll check out tomorrow morning. How much is it?
W: It's $68 per night.
M: OK. Do you accept credit cards?
W: Yes, we do. Now your room number is 204. Here is the key.
M: Thanks.
Text 7
W: Michael, what time is it? We are going to be late for the party.
M: It's 6:15 （a quarter past six）. Don't worry, Rebecca. We will be fine.
W: But we have to be at Sarah's house by 6:30 for her surprise birthday party. The traffic is getting heavier.
M: Relax. The party begins at 7:00. We're not far from her house now. But I do need help with finding a place to park the car. So Sarah doesn't see it. Can you phone her husband and ask him where it is best to park our car.
W: OK. I'm calling him now.
Text 8
M: Hi, Julia. It's Robert. How are you? I didn't see you in class today and I wondered if you were alright.
W: Oh, yes. I'm better now, but I decided to take the day off as I woke up with a slight cold. It's really so nice you called.
M: Julia, I've got you a copy of the main points of the lecture. It was just an introduction to French impressionist paintings.
W: I see. I can read it then before the next class.
M: Err, Julia, I'm calling as I wonder if you are free on Saturday night. My friend Max is having a party and I'd like to know if you want to go.
W: That would be really nice. I'll be free then. What time shall we go?
M: How about meeting in the Student Union Bar at 7:00?
W: That'll be fine. But shouldn't we buy a present for Max?
M: Well, we can stop at the gift shop on the way.
W: Fine, I'll see you then.
Text 9
W: Excuse me. I'm doing research on bus service. Could I get you to answer a few questions? It won't take long.
M: OK. I’d like to help.
W: Thanks. How often do you take a bus, every day, less than once a week or
somewhere in between?
M: I go to school by bus. So it's usually twice daily, Line Four.
W: I see. Could you rate its service? If 1 is poor, 2 is fair, and 3 is good, which number would you choose?
M: I would say 2. The drivers are nice. The buses are clean and the seats are comfortable, but it's sometimes unreliable. There should be a bus every ten minutes. But yesterday morning I waited almost twenty minutes before the bus came and was almost late for school.
W: Oh, that's too bad. Do you have some suggestions for the bus company?
M: Try to have the buses arrive on time, of course, and um, there can be a map on the bus. You know some passengers can not use the guidebook very well.
W: Thank you very much for your help.
M: You are welcome.
Text 10
Hello, everyone. It is indeed a great pleasure to have this chance to address such a large audience this evening. I'm Pierre Chabrol from the University of Marseille. At the moment I'm carrying out a researchin Senegal for the United Nations as a part of project to increase the world food production. Before I get on towhat exactly we did in our research, I would like to explain briefly the purpose behind it. Quite simply my subject is rice. As you all know, rice is the main food for millions of people in the world. So if the rice crops fail, millions of people starve and die. And they do fail, very often through disease. Now what my colleagues and I have been doing out in the field in Senegal as well as in the university laboratories is to try to produce a disease-resisting variety of rice, a particular kind of rice, which will resist disease, in other words, a stronger type of rice.
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