上海市高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 24页

高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（a~ advantage）‎ abandon oneself to sth. 陷入；沉湎于… e.g. abandon oneself to despair 陷入绝望 have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 ‎ to the best of one’s ability 竭尽全力 ‎ e.g. He completed the job to the best of his ability. 他竭尽全力完成了那项工作。‎ be able to do sth. = be capable of doing sth. 能够做某事 All aboard! 请大家上车（船、火车、飞机）！； Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！‎ be about to do sth. 正要做某事。 e.g. We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.‎ go abroad 出国 = go overseas ; at home and abroad 国内外 above all 最重要的是，尤其是。‎ be absent from… 缺席… opp. be present at… 出席…‎ in the absence of sb. 在缺乏…的情况下= in one’s absence; ‎ opp. in the presence of sb. = in one’s presence 在某人面前，当着某人的面 be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神贯注（做）某事 academic year 学年； academic achievement/ performance 学业成绩 with a northern accent 带有北方口音 have access to sth. 有机会/权使用某物 by accident 偶然= by chance; accidentally accompany sb. on the piano 为某人钢琴伴奏 accomplish= achieve （尤指经过努力）完成，实现，达到 account for ① 解释；说明 = explain; ② (数量或比例)占 on account of 因为（问题或困难） = because of ‎ take sth. into account 把某事考虑进去= take sth. into consideration accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人某事 = charge sb. with sth.‎ be accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于做某事 = be used to (doing) sth.‎ acid rain 酸雨 act as 担任； act on 对…有作用/ 有影响 adapt (oneself) to… 适应 add to 增加； add A to B 把A加到B 上去； add up to 总计 be addicted to sth. 对…上瘾； 对…沉迷 ‎ e.g. He is addicted to football. 他迷上了足球。He is addicted to smoking. 他吸烟成瘾。‎ adjust (oneself) to = adapt (oneself) to 适应 admit (to) doing 承认做某事 = confess (to) doing ‎ adult = grown-up 成年人 in advance 提前 = ahead of time; ahead of schedule take advantage of (不公正地)利用某人，占某人的便宜 opp. disadvantage n. 不利条件，缺点，劣势； advantageous adj. 有利的；有益的 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（adventure~ appreciate）‎ adventurous adj. 有冒险精神的 advertise sth. on TV / in a newspaper 在电视/ 报纸上刊登广告 put an ad/ advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事； be afraid of doing sth. 担心/ 担忧某事 e.g. He is afraid to go out at night 他晚上不敢出去。‎ He was afraid of being caught by the police. 他担心被警察抓住。‎ be against sth. 反对某事； be for sth. 赞成某事 at the age of 5 = at age 5 在5岁的时候 for ages = for a long time 很长一段时间；很久 aged adj. 年老的，年迈的 my aged parents; the aged= the old 老年人 I couldn’t agree more. = I agree completely. 我完全同意。‎ travel agency 旅行社 ahead of time/ schedule = in advance 提前 in aid of 为了帮助; read aloud 朗读 take aim at… 瞄准…; aim to do… 力争做到…; be aimed at doing sth. 旨在…‎ in the air 在空气中； on (the) air 正在广播 all the time 一直； all in all 总的说来； in all 总共 = altogether allow doing sth. 允许做某事； allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have no alternative/ choice but to do sth. 除了做某事， 别无选择 amount to ① 总计= add up to = come to ; ② 等于，相当于 = be equal to ‎ in the final analysis 归根结底 (用于句首)‎ the twentieth wedding anniversary 结婚20周年纪念日 one after another 一个接着一个； one another = each other 互相 answer for… = be responsible for… 对…负责 be anxious for/ about … 为…担心； be anxious for…渴望得到…; ‎ be anxious to do…渴望做…= be keen to do…= be eager to do…; anxiety n. 焦虑 apart from ① 除了 = except; ② 除了…之外，还…= besides apartment = flat 公寓 apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉；= make an apology to sb. for sth.‎ apparent adj. 明显的；显然的= obvious, clear, 而distinct (有区别的，不同的；明显的)‎ appeal to sb. to do sth. = call on sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事；‎ sth. appeal to sb. 某事对某人又吸引力； appealing adj. 有吸引力的 = attractive have a poor (good) appetite 胃口不好(好)； have an appetite for… 爱好…‎ get a round of applause 获得一阵掌声 be the apple of one’s eye 是某人的掌上明珠 apply for… 申请…; apply A to B：① 把A运用到B 中；② 把A 涂到B上去 apply to… 对…适用； apply oneself to… 致力于…‎ I’d appreciate it (very much) if you could do sth. 如果你能做某事，我会不胜感激。‎ 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（approach~ composition）‎ approach n. 接近；方法 a new approach to teaching languages 一种新的语言教学法。‎ ‎ v. 对付，处理 (= deal with) approach a problem 处理问题 appropriate adj. 合适的，适当的 (= suitable, proper). opp. inappropriate approximately adv. 近似，大约 (用于科技文体）= about, around, roughly argue v. 争论；争吵；争辩。arguing , argument. cf. quarrel n.& v. 争吵，吵架 arise v. (问题、困难) 产生；出现 be (just) around /round the corner: ①即将来临，临近。②就在附近 arouse one’s interest 引起某人兴趣 arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 artificial adj. （尤指模拟自然的）人工的，人造的；仿真的。artificial flowers 假花；‎ artificial heart 人造心脏 man-made (尤指地貌或材料)：man-made lake 人工湖；‎ man-made fibres 人造纤维 burn to ashes 烧成灰烬（既可用主动语态也可用被动语态）‎ be ashamed of sth. 为…而感到惭愧； be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事 set aside 留出；省出（时间、钱、空间）‎ fall asleep 入睡； fast/sound asleep 睡得很熟 assess v. 评价；评估=evaluate ‎ assign sb. sth. 分配某人某物/某事； assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 associate A with B 把A 与B联系起来 assume/ take responsibility for… 承担…的责任 assure sb. that… 使某人确信…; assure sb. of sth. 向某人保证某事 attach A to B 把A连接到B上； attachment n. 附件 attempt to do sth. = make an attempt to do sth. 企图做某事；attempted murder 谋杀未遂 attendance n. 出席；出席人数； attend to sth. 处理某事 be sold at auction 被拍卖；put sth. up for auction 把某物拿出来拍卖 a large / small audience 许多/很少观众 have the authority to do sth. 有权做sth. authorize v. 授权 ~ sb. to do sth. 授权某人做sth.‎ autumn = fall n. 秋季 sth. be available to sb. 某物为某人可获得 on (the) average 按平均值，平均而言 audio-visual aids/ equipment 视听设备；audio a. 声音的；音频的。visual a. 视力的；视觉的 visualize  ['vɪʒuəlaɪz] vt. 想象；设想 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事； await = wait for award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物； award sb. first prize 授予某人一等奖 be aware of = be conscious of… 意识到…; awareness= consciousness n. 意识 back vt. 支持= support the balance of nature 生态平衡；the balance = the rest 剩余(部分)‎ keep one’s balance 保持平衡；lose one’s balance 失去平衡 ban 禁止=forbid, prohibit; ban sb. from doing sth. = prohibit sb. from doing sth. ‎ forbid sb. from doing sth., forbid sb. to do sth.‎ lift a ban 解除禁令 bank n. 储蓄罐= piggy bank, break the bank 花钱很多；透支 have a barbecue进行烧烤 barely=hardly= scarcely 几乎不 It’s a bargain. 这是合算的. bargain with sb. 与某人讨价还价 barrier n. 障碍 = obstacle ‎ base n. 底部= bottom; 基础=foundation; military base 军事基地 basic research 基础研究；basic principles 基本原理 on a regular basis 定期地；on a daily basis 每天 have/ take a bath 洗个澡 on the beach 在海滩上； bean curd 豆腐 bear/ keep sth. in mind 牢记某事 beat v. 打败；击败(用于比赛）； defeat v.  击败，战胜(既可用于比赛中，也可用于战争中)‎ be beaten to death 被打死； beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得青一块紫一块。‎ beauty spots 名胜，风景点= scenic spots; places of interest ‎ make the bed 铺床；bed-wetting n. 尿床 Where’s the beef? 葫芦里究竟卖什么药？‎ beggar n. 乞丐 on behalf of sb. 代表某人 behave oneself 守规矩 believe it or not, 信不信由你；Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。‎ belong to… 属于…; belongings n. 所有物；财产，财物 = possessions below prep& adv. 在下面 ant. above; below freezing/zero 零度以下 beneath= underneath prep. 在…下面；在…正下方 of benefit = beneficial 有益的 besides prep. 除了…以外(还有) = in addition to, as well as； ‎ besides adv. 还有；此外 = moreover, furthermore, additionally bet sth.(money) on sth. 把…押在…上； ‎ I bet (that)…; I’ll bet (that)…我敢肯定；我敢保证；我相信…; You bet! 当然！‎ give sb. a big hand 给某人热烈鼓掌 biography n. 传记； autobiography  [ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 自传 not a bit = not at all 一点也不； do one’s bit 尽自己的一份力量 black coffee 清咖啡； black tea 红茶 be to blame for sth. 对某事负有责任；blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. on sb. 责怪某人某事 go blank 头脑突然一片空白， My mind went blank. 我头脑突然一片空白。‎ Be blanketed in/ with… 覆盖/ 笼罩着/在…中 May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。‎ take a blind eye to…对…视而不见 Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。blood type 血型；blood transfusion 输血 give/ donate blood 献血 be in (full) blossom (花) 盛开= be in flower; be in bloom blue adj. 忧郁的；沮丧的 = depressed on board 在船上；在车上；在飞机上； boarder n. 住宿生； boarding school 寄宿学校 boiling water 沸水；boiled water 开水；boiling point 沸点 bold [bəʊld] adj. 大胆的；鲁莽的。cf. bald  [bɔːld] adj. 秃头的； brave adj. 勇敢的 be (all) skin and bone 瘦得皮包骨头的 a closed book 一无所知的事； 预定 = reserve ‎ borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物；lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人 ‎ borrowed word 外来词 bottom line 底线；from the bottom of one’s heart 从心底里； Bottoms up! 干杯！‎ be bound to do sth. 一定会/ 肯定会做某事 bow [bəu] n. 弓；蝴蝶结。Bow and arrow 弓箭； bow  [baʊ] v.& n. 鞠躬 bow to sb.‎ use one’s brain/ head 动动脑筋 branded adj. 名牌的 branded products 名牌产品 It is brave of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是勇敢的；bravery n. 勇敢 have a break = have a rest 休息一会 bridge n. 桥；桥牌。 play bridge 打桥牌 in brief = briefly 简要地 broad adj. 宽的，ant. narrow adj. 狭窄的 broaden v. 使变宽；扩大 broaden one’s horizons brochure n. 小册子= booklet, leaflet (小册子；传单)‎ browse [braʊz] v. 浏览；随便翻阅 browse through …‎ Buddhist ['budist] n. & adj. 佛教的；佛教徒; Christian [ˈkrɪstʃən] n.& adj.基督教的；基督教徒 budget v. 把…编入预算 buffet [ˈbʊfeɪ] n. 自助餐 buffet lunch 自助午餐 bulb n. 灯泡= light bulb; bulb n. 球茎 a bunch of flowers 一束花；a bunch of keys 一串钥匙 burn the midnight oil 挑灯夜战，开夜车；burst into flames 突然起火 burst into tears/ laughter/song = burst out crying/ laughing/ singing 突然哭/大笑/唱起歌来 be out of business 停业；倒闭； Business is business. 公事公办；get down to business 干正事。‎ It’s none of your business. 这与你无关。‎ undo the buttons 解开纽扣 undo [ʌn'duː] v. 解开； do up a button 系上扣子 buy = purchase ‎ a piece of cake 很容易的事 call on sb. 拜访某人；call for 要求；需要；call off = cancel 取消 make camp 扎营；go camping 去露营；summer camp 夏令营 launch a campaign 发起一项运动 on campus 在校园里 be capable of doing sth. = be able to do sth.‎ card n. 名片= business card carrot and stick 胡萝卜加大棒；威逼利诱 in case 万一；以防万一；in any case 不管怎样，无论如何 pay in cash 用现金支付；cashier [kæ'ʃɪə] n. 出纳；收银员 cast sb. as… 让某人扮演…‎ rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 cause 引起；导致= lead to, bring about, give rise to, result in, contribute to without cease 不停地 cease to do sth. (长时间停做某事)；cease doing sth. (短时间停止做某事，以后还会做)‎ wedding ceremony 婚礼 be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事= be bound to do sth.‎ be sure to do sth. 务必做某事（用于祈使句）； 一定会做某事（用于陈述句）‎ a certain student = some student 某一位学生 take one’s chances = try one’s luck 碰碰运气; by chance 碰巧 The chances are that… 可能…= It is likely that…‎ The chances are that she'll be coming.  很可能她要来.‎ It is characteristic/typical of sb. to do sth. ‎ It is characteristic/ typical of him to doze off often in class. ‎ 他经常在课堂上打瞌睡，这是他的特点。‎ cheat v. 欺骗= deceive play chess 下国际象棋 chewing gum 口香糖 in one’s childhood 在某人童年时 chip n. (电脑)芯片 have no choice/ alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择 at Christmas 在圣诞节期间； on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天 go to church 去教堂做礼拜 under/ in no circumstances 任何情况下都不 classic music 经典音乐； classical music 古典音乐 clean adj. 无过失(犯罪)记录的，a clean driving licence 无违规记录的驾驶执照。‎ He’s got a clean record. 他没有犯罪记录。‎ climb v. 爬；攀登 = ascend Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗里总有一线光明。‎ on the coast 在海岸上 coastline n. 海岸线 What a coincidence! 太巧了！‎ comedian [kə'miːdɪən] n. 喜剧演员；tragedian [trə'dʒiːdɪən] n. 悲剧演员 command respect 赢得尊敬 have a good command of… 熟练掌握…; 精通…‎ comment on… 对…做评论/ 评价 commit suicide 自杀； commit a crime 犯罪 be committed to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 common sense 常识； have sth. in common 有某些共同之处 communicate with sb. 与某人交际/ 交流； communicate A to B 把A传达给B keep sb. company 给某人做伴 compare A with B 把A 和B 进行比较；compare A to B 把A比作B in comparison to/ with…= by comparison with… 和…相比 compete in… 参加…的比赛； compete with sb. 与某人竞争 complain about sth. 抱怨某事；complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨/ 投诉某事 = ‎ make a complaint to sb. about sth.‎ pay sb. a compliment = pay a compliment to sb. 赞美/ 恭维某人 My compliments to sb. 替我向某人问候/ 致意 be compose of … 由…组成/ 构成= be made up of …= consist of…‎ composition n. 作文；组成，构成 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（comprehension~ discipline）‎ comprehension n. 理解(力)；包含；广泛性 be beyond one’s comprehension 无法理解； a term of wide comprehension 含义广泛的词语 comprehend v. 理解 = understand; comprehensible adj. 可理解的 comprehensive adj. 广泛的，全面的，综合的；理解的；有理解力的 comprehensive planning 全面规划；take a comprehensive view of the situation 通观全局 compulsory adj. 义务的；强制的；n. (比赛中的)规定动作 compulsory education 义务教育；a compulsory subject 必修科目；‎ compulsory military service 义务兵役制 conceal v. 隐藏；掩盖；隐瞒（=hide） conceal sth. from sb. 对某人隐瞒某事 concentrate on/ upon sth. = focus on.. 专心于；专注于 be concerned about…关心/担忧… ; concerning prep. 关于；有关，涉及 as far as I’m concerned, 在我看来，…‎ reach/ come to / draw a conclusion 得出结论； in conclusion 总之 living/ working conditions 生活 /工作条件； be in a good condition 状况良好；‎ on condition that… 条件是…‎ conduct a survey/ investigation 进行一项调查；conduct / do an experiment 做实验 conduct an orchestra 指挥乐队 be confident of…对…有信心；have confidence/ trust in… 相信…‎ confuse v. 使混淆；使困惑（=puzzle）confusing adj. 令人困惑的（=puzzling）; ‎ confused adj. 感到迷惑的（=puzzled）; confusion n. ‎ congratulations on sb. 祝贺某人；congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 be connected to… 与…相连接；be connected with…与…有关联的/ 有关系的 have a guilty conscience 问心有愧；have a clear conscience 问心无愧 ‎ conscientious [,kɒnʃɪ'enʃəs] adj. 认真负责的，一丝不苟的 be conscious of = be aware of …知道…; 意识到… consciousness n. 意识= awareness as a consequence = as a result 因此；as a consequence/ result of … 由于…的结果 consequently adv. 因而，所以 consider v. 认为；考虑；consider doing sth. 考虑做某事； consider sb./ sth. to do…‎ e.g. The campaign was considered to have failed. 这项运动被认为失败了。‎ constant adj. 忠诚的 (= devoted), a constant friend 忠诚的朋友 construct v. = build 建造；构建。construction n. = building consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事 contact (v. ) sb. 联系某人= make contact (n.) with sb.; stay in contact 保持联系= keep in touch eye contact 眼神交流，目光接触 be content with… 对…满意= be pleased/ satisfied/ delighted with…‎ contestant n. 竞争者；选手 = competitor continue doing sth.= continue to do sth. 继续做某事；continuous adj. 持续的，不间断的；‎ continual adj. ①持续的，不间断的 ②多次重复的，频繁的（通常是有害或恼人的）‎ continuation  [kəntɪnjʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 连续；持续；继续 sign/ make a contract (with) (与…) 签订合同; break a contract 违反合同；‎ fulfil a contract 履行合同； contract [kən'trækt] v. 缩小；收缩；缩短(= shrink); ant. expand on the contrary 正相反；A is contrary to B，A 与B相反；to the contrary 相反的(作后置定语）‎ by contrast (to/ with…) 与…相比/ 对比= in contrast (to/ with…)‎ contribute (sth.) to…向…捐赠；contribute to 造成，导致；contribute to…向…撰稿/ 投稿 be in control 处于控制之下；take control of…控制/ 支配…; ‎ have/ keep/ bring sth. under control 把…控制住 convenient adj. 方便的 inconvenient adj. 不方便的；convenience n. 方便 for convenience 为了方便起见；at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候 convert sth. to/ into…把某物改成…‎ convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达某事 convince sb. that…使某人确信…; convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事；‎ convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 cook v.& n. 煮；厨师； cooker n. 炊具 cooperate with… 与…合作 cope with= deal with 对付；处理 be (just) around the corner 即将发生， Victory is just around the corner. 胜利在望。‎ at all costs 不惜任何代价 count down 倒计时；countdown n. 倒计时 a couple of 一对，一双；几个 during/ in the course of… 在…的过程中；a four-course meal四道菜的一顿饭 go to court 上法院；打官司。 take sb. to court 把某人告上法庭 milk a cow 挤牛奶 arts and crafts 工艺美术 car crash 汽车撞车事故；plane/ air crash 飞机失事 drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯； be crazy about sth. 对…着迷 create v. 创造；造成；产生 creation n.; creative adj. 创造的；有创造力的； ‎ creativity n. 创造力； creator n. 创造者 credit card 信用卡； credit limit 信用额度；buy sth. on credit 赊购某物 turn to crime 沦为罪犯；crime rate 犯罪率；commit a crime 犯罪 financial crisis 金融危机；economic crisis 经济危机；be in crisis 处于危机之中 a crisis of confidence 信任危机 be critical of… 批评…; be critical to… 对…至关重要；be of critical importance 极其重要 a critical/ crucial moment 紧要关头；关键时刻 criticize sb. for sth. 批评某人某事 be crowded with… 挤满了…= be filled with…= be full of…‎ be cruel to sb. 虐待某人；对某人残忍；cruelty n. 残忍 It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 culture gap 文化差距；culture shock 文化冲击 cure sb. of…治愈某人…‎ be curious about… 对…好奇；curiosity n. 好奇心； be curious to do sth. 对做某事感到好奇 current affairs/ events 时事；current account 活期存款账户；currently adv. 目前；当前 draw/ close/ pull the curtains 拉上窗帘；draw back/ open the curtains 拉开窗帘 a curved wall 一道弯曲的墙 cut sth. in half/ in two 把某物切成两半；cut in 插嘴；cut costs 降低成本 in our daily life 在我们的日常生活中 dairy products 乳制品 do/ cause damage to… 对…造成破坏/损害 be in danger 有危险；be out of danger 脱离危险 dare 用作情态动词时，后接动词原形，用于否定句和疑问句中。‎ e.g. I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得一动也不敢动。Dare she ring him at the office? 她敢打电话到办公室找他吗？ ‎ dare 也可用作普通动词，后接不定式，在否定句中to 也可省略。e.g. Only a few journalist dared to cover the activity. 只有少数几个记者敢于报道这一活动。No wonder the party did not dare (to) publish that document. 难怪该党不敢公布那份文件。‎ in the dark ①在黑暗之中；②全然不知 (be utterly in the dark about…)；‎ leave/ keep sb. in the dark 把某人蒙在鼓里. ‎ data bank = database 数据库；资料库 date from…= date back to…追溯到…‎ at dawn 在拂晓时；at dusk 在黄昏时 drop dead 猝死；dead end 死胡同 deaf and dumb 又聋又哑 deal with 对付；处理 how to deal with sth.; ‎ dear adj. 贵的= costly, expensive have /hold/ conduct a debate 举行一场辩论； debater n. 辩论者；辩手 be in debt 负债；pay off a debt 还清债务 deceive v. 欺骗，蒙蔽 = cheat; trick; deceive sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 deception n. 欺骗，蒙蔽 decide to do sth. 决定做某事；decide on/ upon…(仔细考虑后) 决定；选定 decisive [dɪ'saɪsɪv] adj. 决定性的，关键的; decision n., make a decision 做出决定 declare war on … 向…宣战； declare against/ for… 声明反对/ 支持…‎ decrease v. & n. 减少，减小；ant. increase do good deeds 做好人好事 deep adj. 深的 ant. shallow 浅的；deep adv. 深地，e.g. dive deep 深潜；‎ deeply adv. 深深地（用于抽象方面）； deep-rooted adj. 根深蒂固的 defeat v. & n. 击败；打败（用于战争或比赛方面）； beat (只用于比赛方面)‎ defend sb. / sth. against/ from… 保护某人/某物免遭…‎ define sth. as… 给某物定义为…; definition n. 定义 definite adj. 确定的；明确的 definitely adv. 明确地；ant. indefinite 不确定的 to a certain/ some degree/ extent 在某种程度上 delay v.&n. 延期；耽搁 delay doing sth.; syn.: put off. Postpone deliberate adj. 故意的 = intentional; deliberately adv. 故意地= on purpose; ‎ deliberate adj. 深思熟虑的；审慎的；不慌不忙的 e.g. a deliberate decision 审慎的决定；‎ a slow, deliberate manner of speaking 缓慢从容的说话方式 delicate adj. (补充词义)微妙的，需谨慎处理的。e.g. a delicate matter 一件需要谨慎处理的事 to one’s delight/ to the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是；be delighted with… 对…感到满意 demand to do sth. 要求做某事；demand sb. of sth. 要求某人某事；‎ supply and demand 供求关系；on demand 一经要求；demanding adj. 要求高的 deny doing sth. 否认做某事；There is no denying that … 无可否认…‎ depart v. 离开；出发，启程 departure n. ‎ depend on/ upon… 依靠；依赖；取决于 = be dependent on…‎ be independent of… 不依赖于…; dependable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的；‎ dependence n. 依靠；依赖。 independence n. 独立 deposit account 存款账户； put down a deposit on sth. 付定金购买某物 depressed adj. 感到沮丧的； depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 describe doing sth. 描述/ 叙述做某事；description n. ; descriptive adj. 描写的；描绘的 be beyond description 无法形容 desert ['dezət] n. 沙漠；desert [di'zə:t] v. 离弃，抛弃，遗弃 = abandon deserve v. 应受，应得；‎ deserve doing/ deserve to be done/ n. ‎ e.g. deserve punishing/ to be punished/ punishment 应受惩罚 desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的 e.g. be desperate with fear. 因恐惧而感到绝望。‎ ‎(补充词义) 极度渴望的；极需要的。‎ be desperate for sth. 非常需要sth.; be desperate to do sth. 急于做某事 destroy v. 摧毁；毁灭；destruction n. ; destructive adj. 毁灭性的，造成破坏的 in detail 详细地； detailed adj. 详细的；详尽的； despite = in spite of 不管，尽管 determine to do sth.= be determined to do sth. 下决心做某事 a developing country 发展中国家；a developed countries 发达国家；‎ with the development of… 随着…的发展 devote oneself/ sth. to (doing) sth. = be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于；致力于…‎ syn. dedicate oneself/ sth. to (doing) sth. = be dedicated to (doing) sth.‎ keep a diary 写日记； have a dictation 进行听写 be on a diet 节食；go on a diet 开始节食； a balanced diet 均衡饮食 differ from = be different from 不同于…‎ diligent adj. 勤勉的；勤奋的= hardworking; industrious disaster n. 灾难，灾祸； disastrous adj. 灾难性的；syn. catastrophe [kə'tæstrəfɪ] n. 灾难;大祸 have a heated discussion 进行一场热烈的讨论 be in disorder 处于混乱状态； on display 展出；陈列； with dignity 有尊严地 ‎ e.g. Patients should be allowed to die with dignity. 应该允许病人死得有尊严。‎ distinct adj. ①不同的= different; ②清楚的，明显的 = clear, obvious, apparent distinguish A from B = tell A from B 区别/ 辨别A 和B distinguishable adj. 能分辨出来的，区别得出的；‎ distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的 a distinguished guest 贵宾； a distinguished scientist ‎ distressed adj. 痛苦的；苦恼的； in the distance 在远处；from a distance 从远处 within walking distance 在步行距离之内的； divided adj. （意见）有分歧的 e.g. The committee was divided over the proposal. 委员会在这一提议上意见有分歧。‎ discipline n. (尤指大学)学科，科目；纪律。 v. ①惩罚，处罚(punish)；②管教；③约束自己，严格要求。e.g. Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.‎ ‎ 不同的文化有不同的管教孩子的方法。‎ ‎ Try to discipline yourself to write every day. 要想办法约束自己每天写作。‎ disciplined adj. 遵守纪律的 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（discount~ fail）‎ discount n. 折扣，减价。Members can get a 15% discount. 会员可享受八五折优惠。‎ ‎ offer/ give sb. a discount 给某人打折 have a heated discussion 进行一场热烈讨论 dismiss v. 解散；解雇（=fire）. dismissal n. ‎ be in disorder 处于混乱状态= be in a mess； on display展出, 展览, 陈列 in the distance 在远处；from a distance 从远处； be within walking distance几步之遥, 很近 distinct adj. 有区别的，不同的（=different）; 明显的，清楚的（=clear, obvious, apparent）‎ distinguish A from B = tell A from B 区别A 和 B domestic adj. ①国内的 domestic flights 国内航班；②家庭的 domestic chores [tʃɔ:z] 家务；‎ domestic appliances 家用电器；domestic violence 家庭暴力；‎ ‎③驯养的 domestic pets 家养的宠物 dominate v. 支配，控制，主宰 ；dominant adj. 支配的，统治的；占优势的；dominance n.‎ e.g. As a child he was dominated by his father. 他小时候由他父亲主宰一切。‎ double adj./n./v. 成双的，成对的；双倍的，两倍的；供两人使用的；‎ ‎(字母或数字)连续两个的；两倍，双倍；(使)加倍。 e.g. a double room 双人房间；‎ a single room 单人房间；give sb. double 给某人加倍；a double-edged sword 一把双刃剑 There’s no doubt that … 无可否认…‎ draft n. & v. 草稿；草案；起草. I’ve made a rough draft of the letter. 我已写好这封信的草稿。‎ I’ll draft a letter for you. 我来为你草拟一封信。drafter n. 起草人 drag oneself to/ into/ out of… 吃力(费力地)走向/走进/走出…‎ be a great/ enormous drain on…对…的极大消耗 ‎ e.g. The war was a great drain on the country’s resources. 这场战争是对国家资源的极大消耗。‎ draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意；draw a conclusion 得出结论 dream of/about doing sth. 梦想做某事；dream about… 梦见…； be dressed in… 穿着…‎ drift n.&v. 漂流；大意(=gist）e.g. Do you catch my drift? 你大概明白我的意思吗？‎ drink to sb./ sth. 为…而干杯；drunk driving 酒后驾车= drink-driving; ‎ drunk a.& n. 喝醉的；醉汉(=drunkard); drunken a. 喝醉的 (仅用于名词前）‎ drive sb. crazy/mad 把某人逼疯；使某人发疯；driver’s license (美)= driving licence (英)‎ drop out 退学，辍学 a drowned boy 一个溺水身亡的男孩；a drowning boy 一个溺水/落水男孩 It’s like water off a duck’s back. 不起作用的，毫无影响的 take to sth. like duck to water. 轻而易举地学会做某事 due to 因为，由于(=owing to; because of); be due to do sth. 预定做某事 dull a. 单调的；乏味的= boring; not interesting at dusk 在黄昏时; at dawn 在拂晓时 duty n. 责任; 税，关税(= responsibility; obligation); a sense of duty责任感 ‎= a sense of responsibility; duty-free 免税的= tax-free be on duty 值班；be out of duty 不值班；不值勤 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事= be keen/ anxious to do sth.; ‎ be eager for sth. 渴望某事物= be keen on sth.‎ Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。‎ earn/ make money 赚钱；挣钱。earn / make a living= earn/ make one’s living 谋生 on earth ①地球上；世界上 ②(用于疑问词后加强语气) 究竟，到底 be at ease 自在；不拘束 ecology n. 生态学；生态。ecological a. 生态的；ecologist n. 生态学家 economic a. 经济的；economical a. 节约的；economist n. 经济学家 edge n. 边，边缘；刀刃；优势。get an edge 占优势；have the edge over… 对…更胜一筹 on the edge of one’s seat 极为激动 have (an) effect/ impact/ influence on/upon… 对…有影响 effective a. 有效的；有效果的；efficient a. 有效率的；高效的 make an effort 做出努力；make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 put all one’s eggs in one basket. 把一切希望寄托于一件事上，孤注一掷 elect sb. (as) president/ mayor/ monitor 选举某人当总统/市长/班长 elective a. ①由选举产生的 elective seats 选举席位 ②选修的 an elective course 选修课 elector n. 选民= voter elementary school 小学= primary school;‎ elementary level 初级水平；intermediate level 中级水平；advanced level 高级水平 eliminate v. ①消除，根除(=get rid of…); ②淘汰= knock out embarrassing a. 令人尴尬的；embarrassed a. 感到尴尬的；syn. awkward； embarrassment n. ‎ emphasize v. 强调 = stress; highlight; emphasis n. ‎ place/ put/ lay emphasis on sth. 强调某事 enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 encounter v.& n. 遇见，碰见 = meet; come across; run into; bump into encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 put/ bring an end to sth. 结束某事；come to an end 结束 endure v. ①忍受(=bear, stand, tolerate, put up with); ②持续(= last); ‎ enduring a. ①持续的，持久的；② 能忍受的 be engaged in…参与；从事于；忙于; be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚；‎ engage a lawyer聘请律师；Reading engages his spare time. 阅读占去了他的空闲时间。‎ engage sb’s interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣或注意力 enjoy v. 享受；喜欢；欣赏；享有，拥有。 enjoy doing sth.‎ enormous a. 巨大的= huge, giant, tremendous, immense, vast enough a./n./ad. 足够；足够的= adequate; sufficient enroll in/ on … 报名注册…‎ enter for.. 报名参加…= sign up for…‎ enthusiasm n. 热情，热心。enthusiastic a. 热情的，热心的 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.‎ enthusiast n. 热心人 entire a. 整个的，全部的= whole; entirely ad. 完全地，彻底地=completely entitle v. 冠名，给…命名(或题名); 给…权利(或资格). ‎ entitle sb. to sth.; entitle sb. to do sth.; be entitled to (do) sth. ‎ You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格领取养老金。‎ This ticket does not entitle you to travel first class. 你拿这张票不能坐头等舱。‎ Membership entitles you to the monthly journal. 凭会员身份你可以获取月刊。‎ Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance. 全职雇员都有资格享受健康保险。‎ entrance n. 入口；进入；大门口。ant. exit n. 出口(处)。‎ e.g. the main entrance to the school. 学校的正门；the college entrance examination 高考 environmental protection 环境保护 envy sb. sth. 妒忌某人某物；with envy 妒忌地； be envious of sb./ sth. 妒忌/ 羡慕…‎ be equal to…①等同于，相当于；②能胜任某事；③比得上某物，能与某事媲美 equip sb/ sth with sth ①给…配备…‎ e.g. They spent a lot of money equipping the school with new computers. ‎ 他们花了很多钱给学校配备新计算机。‎ He equipped himself with a hammer and nails. 他带了一把锤子和一些钉子。‎ be equipped with sth The rooms are equipped with video cameras. 房间里都装有摄像头。‎ be equipped to do sth The emergency services are equipped to deal with disasters of this kind. ‎ 应急服务机构的人员配有装备，可处理此类灾难事件。‎ equip sb with sth ②使有知识和技能，使能够胜任 We equip students with the skills they will need once they leave college. ‎ 我们向学生传授大学毕业后所需要的技能。‎ equip sb for sth 使某人能胜任做某事，使某人有能力做某事 training that will equip you for the job 能使你胜任这份工作的培训 equip sb to do sth 使某人能胜任做某事，使某人有能力做某事 We must equip young teachers to deal with difficult children. ‎ 我们必须让年轻教师有能力 (或意译为指导年轻教师如何) 应付不听话的孩子。‎ equipment n. 装备，设备(不可数名词)；syn. device n. (可数名词)‎ be equivalent to… 相当于,等同于= be equal to…; equivalent 用作名词,还有“对应词”之意 escape v.& n. 逃脱，逃跑；逃避；避免；(液体或气体)泄露，逸出 e.g. He narrowly escaped death in an avalanche ['ævəlɑːntʃ]. 他在一次雪崩中死里逃生。‎ He narrowly escaped being killed. 他险些丧命。‎ He was lucky to escaped punishment/ being punished. 他逃脱惩罚真是幸运。‎ There’s no escaping the fact that work has profound effects on emotions and health. ‎ 毫无疑问，工作会对情绪和健康产生极大的影响。‎ essential a. 绝对必要的; 极其重要的; 实质的； n 必需品；要点，要素 。‎ syn. necessary a. 必要的，必须的；vital a. 极其重要的, 必不可少的; 生命的; 充满活力的。indispensable a. 必须的，不可或缺的 establish v. 建立；使立足；确立。establish oneself (as/ in); established a. 已确立的；公认的 e.g. He had three years in which to establish himself as Prime Minister. ‎ 他有三年时间来确立自己首相的地位。‎ He has established himself as a main figure in state politics.    他作为国家政治中的一位主要人物的地位已经确立。‎ estimate n.& v. 估计；评价。evaluate v. 评价；评估；给…估价 n. evaluation assess v. 评价，评定; 估价，估计. n. assessment on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕，在平安夜； on the eve of the election 在选举前夕 good and evil 善与恶 set an example to/ for sb. 为某人树立榜样； lead by example 以身作则； ‎ take … for example 以…为例 except prep. 除…之外(不可用于句首)；cf. except for… 除掉某物中的部分 e.g. You can have any of the cakes except this one. 你可以拿任何一块蛋糕，但这块除外。‎ Your composition isgood except for some spelling mistakes. 你的作文很好，除了一些拼写错误。‎ excuse sb for (doing) sth e.g. Please excuse me for being so late today. 请原谅，我今天来得太晚了。‎ Smith can be excused for his lack of interest in the course. ‎ 史密斯对这门课不感兴趣是情有可原的。‎ exercise n.& v. 练习；锻炼(= work out; 而workout是名词 )；行使；履行 e.g. There are plans to encourage people to exercise their right to vote. ‎ 有计划鼓励人们行使投票权。‎ It’s important to exercise/ work out regularly. 经常锻炼很重要。‎ exhaust v. 耗尽；使筋疲力尽。exhausted a. 感到筋疲力尽的；exhausting a. 令人疲惫不堪的 exhaustion [ɪɡ'zɔːstʃən] n. 精疲力竭; 用光, 耗尽; (气体等的)排出，放出 exist v. 存在；existence n. ; come into existence 开始出现/存在；产生 expand v. 扩大；展开；膨胀 (ant. contract [kən'trækt] v. 收缩；缩小)‎ e.g. They hope to expand their company. 他们希望扩大公司的规模。‎ Heat expands most metals. 加热使大多数金属膨胀。‎ Most metals expand with heat. 大多数金属受热膨胀。‎ The eagle expanded its wings. 鹰展开双翅。‎ expect v. 预料；预期；预计。expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.; ‎ as expected不出所料；正如预期的那样。‎ expect a lot of sb. 对某人要求很高；expect too much of sb. 对某人要求过高 expectation n. ; unexpected 出乎预料的。His wife is expecting. 他妻子正有身孕。‎ at any expense 不惜代价，不管花多少钱= at any cost；at the expense of … 以…为代价 expensive a. 昂贵的= dear, costly do / conduct / perform/ carry out an experiment 做实验 be expert on/ in/ at (doing) sth. 对于(做)某事很在行 expose sb. to sth.= be exposed to 使某人接触到某物；使某人暴露在…‎ e.g. Some children are never exposed to classical music. 有些孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。‎ A wise mother never exposes her children to the slightest possibility of danger.   一个明智的母亲从不会置其孩子于丝毫可能的危险中。(或：…让其孩子暴露在…危险中)‎ exposure n. 暴露 ‎ Prolonged (a. 长期的) exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer. 长时间晒太阳会导致皮肤癌。‎ express oneself 表达自己的意思 The writer can express himself correctly in English.‎ 这位作家能用英语正确地表达自己的意思。‎ extensive a. 广阔的；大量的；广泛的。 ant. intensive a. 强化的，加强的；密集的 extensive reading 泛读；intensive reading 精读；  intensive training 强化训练；集中训练 to a certain/ some extent/ degree 一定程度上； to a large/ great extent 很大程度上 go to extremes 走极端 be faced with… 面对着…; 面临着…; face to face 面对面地；in the face of sth. 在面对…时 lose face 丢脸，失面子；save face 保全面子 fail to do sth. 未能做成某； failure n. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。‎ 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（faith~ innocent）‎ have faith in… 相信…‎ be familiar with… 对…熟悉；熟悉… be familiar to sb. …为某人所熟悉 be famous / known for… 因为…而著称；be famous/ known as… 作为…而著称 fancy doing… 真想不到做某事。Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里见到你。‎ have/ hold a farewell party 举办一个欢送会 be in fashion 正在流行的 fasten one’s seat belt 系好安全带 find fault with … 对…吹毛求疵 be in favour of …支持同意赞成; do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 be favourable to … 有利于…‎ be fed up with… 对…感到非常厌倦。(cf. be bored with; be tired of, be sick of)‎ figure out 计算出；想出；理解 be filled with… 充满；装满；填满；挤满 = be full of set off fireworks 放烟火 green fingers 园艺技能 fish (about/ around) for sth. 摸找某物 e.g. She fished around in her purse for a photo. 她在钱包里翻找一张照片。‎ Chris fished in his pocket for a coin. 克里斯在口袋里摸找硬币。‎ be in flames = be on fire 着火 a flash in the pan 昙花一现 be in flower 开花= be in bloom; be in blossom focus (one’s attention) on …= concentrate (one’s attention) on… 专心于…‎ folding chair/ fan/ bed 折叠椅/扇子/床 follow-up a. 后续的；跟踪的。follow-up study 后续研究；follow-up survey 跟踪调查 follower n. 追随者 be fond of … 喜欢…‎ make a fool of oneself 使自己出丑； make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人 forbid v. 禁止，不许. syn. ban, prohibit forgetful a. 健忘的；forgettable a. 难忘的 form n.& v. 表格；形式；形成. formation n. 形成. in the form of … 以…的形式 tell one’s fortune 给某人算命 forward ad. 向前；向未来 look forward to (doing) sth. 期待着(做)某事；‎ v. 转交；转投；转寄 forward sth. to sb. ‎ lay a solid foundation for… 为…打下牢固的基础 be free of/ from… 没有…的 ‎ e.g. All our drinks are free from artificial colourings. 我们的饮料都不含人工色素。‎ be free to do sth. 可随意做某事 frequent a. 频繁的；frequently ad. 频繁地；frequency n. 频率 fresh water 淡水；freshman n. 〔高中或大学的〕一年级学生 fridge n. = refrigerator n. 冰箱 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 be frightened of… 害怕…; be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事 be frightened to death 怕得要命 in front of …在…的前面；in the front of… 在…（某一空间里面的）的前面 fulfil one’s ambition to be… 实现当…的抱负； fulfil one’s potential 充分发挥某人的潜能 fundamental a. 基础的；主要的；基本的，根本的 e.g. the fundamental principles of liberty and equality 自由和平等这两个基本原则 We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem. 我们必须解决问题的根本原因。‎ Novice programmers sometimes make fundamental errors. 新手程序员有时会犯根本性的错误。 ‎ fundamental human rights 基本人权 funeral n. 葬礼；ant. wedding n. 婚礼 a piece of furniture 一件家具；a set of furniture 一套家具 furthermore ad. 而且 syn. moreover, besides, additionally in the future 将来；in the near future 在不久的将来；in future 从今往后 No pains, no gains. 一份耕耘，一份收获； 不劳则无获。‎ art gallery美术馆; 画廊 generation gap 代沟 gas station 加油站 gaze at…〔常指无意识地〕凝视，盯着看; stare at…凝视，盯着看; glare at…怒目而视…‎ in general 一般地；通常= generally. generalize v. 归纳出，概括出 genuine a. ①〔感情、欲望等〕真正的，真实的, 真切的. ‎ e.g. The reforms are motivated by a genuine concern for the old. ‎ 这些改革是出自对老年人真切的关心。‎ ‎②〔物品〕真的，真正的 (real, authentic). e.g. The strap is genuine leather. 这带子是真皮的。‎ ‎③真诚的 (honest). She is the most genuine person I’ve ever met. 她是我见过的最真诚的人。‎ cf. authentic a. ①正宗的，原汁原味的 (genuine). e.g. authentic French food 正宗的法国食品 ‎② 原作的，真迹的，原创的 (genuine). e.g. an authentic work by Picasso 毕加索的真迹 ‎③ 可靠的，真实的 (reliable). e.g. an authentic account 真实可信的说法 ‎④ 逼真的(lifelike, vivid, realistic). ‎ e.g. Actors dressed in authentic costumes re-enacted the battle. ‎ 演员们穿着逼真的戏装重现了那次战役。‎ have a gift for... 有…的天赋 be glad to do sth. 很高兴做某事= be pleased/ happy to do sth. ‎ be glad of sth. 为某事感激；庆幸有某物 e.g.  I’m glad of your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助。‎ ‎ They were glad of the chance to finally get some sleep. 他们庆幸终于有机会可以睡一会儿。‎ glance at… (很快地) 看一眼； at first glance= at first sight 咋一看 All that glitters is not gold.  发光的东西未必是金子。‎ e.g. As everyone knows, all that glitters is not gold.  正如人人所知，发光的东西未必是金子。‎ grade n. 年级；等级，等第；分数， 成绩。v. f分级；评级；评分 ‎ e.g. Tim worked hard and got good grades. 蒂姆努力学习，取得了好成绩。‎ A teacher is grading papers in his office. 一位老师正在办公室评卷。‎ graduate n. (大学) 毕业生；v. 毕业。a graduate student 研究生（美）； = postgraduate (英)‎ graduate school 研究生院 grammatical rules 语法规则 take sth. for granted 认为某事理所当然；‎ take it for granted (that)想当然地认为；认为…是理所当然 e.g. He took it for granted that he would pass the exam. 他想当然地认为自己能通过考试呢。‎ be grateful/ thankful/ obliged to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人 guarantee v. 保证；担保. guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事；guarantee that… 保证…‎ guarantee n. 保修单；保用证书（syn. warranty）‎ a five-year guarantee 5年的保修期；be under guarantee 在保修期内 be guilty of… 对… 感到内疚 form/ develop the habit of doing sth. … 养成做某事的习惯 hang on 别挂断(电话); hang up 挂断 Sth happens to sb. 某人发生某事；happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事; It happens that.. 碰巧…‎ happen, occur (尤指意外地) 发生；take place (尤指按照计划或已经) 发生，进行 harbour n. 港口 = port be hard on sb. 过分严厉对待某人，对某人苛刻 do harm to …对…造成伤害 harmony n. 和谐；harmonious a. 和谐的 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫不决做某事；without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 at home and abroad 国内外 identify v. 认出；鉴定; 确定；发现；identify with sb. 与某人有同感；与某人产生共鸣 in honour of向…表示敬意；为纪念…；为了庆祝…‎ in the hope of doing sth. 希望能做某事 broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界 be ignorant of… 对…无知 speak ill of sb. 说某人坏话 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事；imagine sb. doing sth.; imagine sb. to be…‎ imaginative a. 富有想象力的; imaginary a. 假想的；虚构的; imaginable a. 可想象到的 immigrate v. 作为移民入境定居；移入. emigrate v. 移居国外；‎ migrate v. 〔尤指为找工作〕移居，迁移; 〔鸟或兽〕移栖，迁徙. ‎ immigrant ['ɪmɪɡrənt] n. (外来) 移民; emigrant ['emɪɡrənt] n. 〔移居外国的〕移民; ‎ migrant  ['maɪɡrənt] n. (尤指为了寻找工作而迁移的) 移民，移居者 impact n. 影响；作用；冲击(力)；撞击(力) have an impact/ effect/ influence on … 对…有影响 impose v. 征税；把…强加于… impose sth. on sb. ‎ Parents impose their own moral values on their children ‎ 父母把自己的道德观强加给自己的孩子；to impose duties on imported wines 向进口酒征税 impress sb. with sth. 以…给某人留下深刻印象； ‎ One candidate in particular impressed us with her knowledge. ‎ 尤其是有一位候选人，她的学识给我们留下了深刻的印象。‎ impress sb. on sth. 使〔某人〕了解〔某事的重要性〕; 使牢记 Father impressed on me the value of hard work. 父亲向我强调努力工作的重要意义。‎ include v. 包含，包括. ant. exclude [ɪk'skluːd] v. 不包括，排除. including prep. 包括 income n. (工作的)收入;(投资的) 收益; earnings n. 工资，收入; (公司或国家的) 利润，收益 on the increase 在不断增加= on the rise; ant. on the decrease 在减少中 be independent of… 不依赖于；ant. be dependent on… 依靠/ 依赖于; = depend on; rely on…‎ independence n. 独立；dependable a. 可靠的；可信赖的 = reliable index n. 索引；指标，标准；指数. indexes/ indices ['ɪndɪsiːz] (pl.)‎ e.g. Look it up in the index. 在索引中查找它。index card 索引卡；‎ price index 物价指数；the quality index 质量指标 indicate v. 表明；象征；表示. indication n. 表明；迹象 e.g. There are clear indications that the economy is improving. 有明显的迹象显示经济在好转。‎ All the indications are that the deal will go ahead as planned. ‎ 从所有的迹象看，交易将按计划进行。‎ individual a.& n. 个人的；个别的；个人. individuality n. 个性；个性化 industry n. 工业；产业；勤奋，勤劳. industrial a. 工业的；industrious a. 勤奋的=diligent infant n. 婴儿；幼儿= baby inevitable a. 不可避免的；必然(发生)的. It is inevitable that..‎ e.g. It’s inevitable that doctors will make the occasional mistake. 医生偶尔犯错是难免的。‎ Disease was an inevitable consequence of poor living conditions. ‎ 恶劣的生活条件必然诱发疾病。‎ be infected with… 感染上…‎ be inferior to… 比…差；ant. be superior to… 优于…; inferiority n. 自卑；superiority n. 优越 a sense of inferiority 自卑感；a sense of superiority 优越感 have an influence / effect/ impact on… 对…有影响; influential a. 有影响的 inform sb. of sth. 通知/ 告知某人某事；keep sb. informed of sth. 让某人知道某事 e.g. The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed of the programme's progress.‎ 老板要求秘书随时向他报告计划的进展情况。‎ inhabitant n. 居民= resident inherit sth from sb ①从某人那里继承某物；②经遗传得到〔父母的性格、外貌〕‎ e.g. He inherited a fortune from his grandmother. 他从祖母那儿继承了一大笔财产。‎ Mr. Grass inherited his work ethic from his father. 格拉斯先生的职业道德遗传自他父亲。‎ I inherited my mother’s curly hair. 我遗传了母亲的鬈发。‎ initial a. 开始的，最初的= original；n. 名字的首字母. ‎ e.g. ‘Can I have your initial, Mr Davies?’ ‘It’s G, Mr G Davies.’ ‎ ‎“戴维斯先生，您名字的首字母是什么?”“是G，G. 戴维斯。”‎ initiate [ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt] v. 开始(实施); 创始；发起； 向(某人)传授(技巧)‎ e.g. initiate a new plan 开始实施一个新计划。‎ They have initiated a debate on terrorism. 他们就恐怖主义发起了辩论。‎ Many of them were initiated into drug use at an early age. ‎ 他们中有很多人在早年就被教会了吸毒。‎ initiative [ɪ'nɪʃɪətɪv] n. 创新力，首创精神；倡议；主动性；积极性. a. 创新的 e.g. I wish my son would show more initiative. 我希望我的儿子能表现得再主动一些。‎ Why don’t you take the initiative and ask him out? 为什么你不主动约他出去呢?‎ It’s up to you to take the initiative in repairing relations. 在修复关系方面应由你采取主动。‎ launch a new initiative 发起一个新的倡议； lack initiative 缺乏首创精神 inner a.& n. 内部的，里面的；内心的；内部，里面. ant. outer 在外面，外面的，外部的 innocent a. 清白的；无罪的；天真无邪的. innocence n.‎ e.g. Can you prove your innocence? 你能证明自己清白吗?‎ ‎ the innocence of childhood 童年的纯真 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（innovation~ loyal）‎ innovation [‚ɪnə'veɪʃən] n. 改革；创新；新方法 e.g. This technical innovation will save us much time and labour.  这项技术革新可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳力。‎ innovate ['ɪnəveɪt] v. 创新；改革 e.g. We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.‎ 我们必须不时地适应并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。‎ to innovate new products 创造新产品 innovative ['ɪnəveɪtɪv] a. 革新的；创新的 e.g. There will be a prize for the most innovative design.‎ 将设立一项最具创意设计奖。‎ inspire v. 鼓舞，激励; inspire sb. to do sth. ‎ e.g. We need someone who can inspire the team. 我们需要一个能鼓舞团队士气的人。‎ Inspired by the sunny weather, I decided to explore the woods. 阳光明媚的天气令人振奋，我决定到森林里寻幽探胜。‎ He inspired many young people to take up the sport. 他激励了很多年轻人参与这项运 inspiration n. ①启示；灵感 ②鼓舞；激励；鼓舞(或激励)人心的人(或事物)‎ e.g. He had a sudden flash of inspiration. 他突然灵感闪现。‎ instinct n. 本能；直觉；天性 e.g. Her instinct told her that something was wrong. 直觉告诉她有些不对劲。‎ Animals have a natural instinct for survival. 动物有求生的自然本能。‎ intensive a. 加强的，集中的；密集的 e.g. a one-week intensive course in English 为期一周的英语强化课程 ‎ a knowledge-intensive industry 知识密集型的行业 ‎ intensive farming/agriculture 集约式耕作/农业 ‎ intensive reading 精读 ant. extensive adj. ①广阔的；大量的；大规模的 ②广泛的，全面的 e.g. the extensive use of pesticides 杀虫剂的大量使用； ‎ Extensive research is being done into the connection between the disease and poor living conditions. 人们正在全面研究该疾病和恶劣居住条件之间的联系。‎ The exhibition has received extensive coverage in the national press. ‎ 这次展览会得到了全国媒体的广泛报道。‎ ‎ extensive reading 泛读 intermediate adj. 中等的；中间的；中级的；中等程度的；中级水平的 e.g. a book aimed at students at the intermediate level and above ‎ 一本针对中等及以上程度学生的书 intermediate learners of English 中等程度英语学习者 an intermediate stage during which the disease is dormant ['dɔːmənt]‎ 疾病处于潜伏状态的中期 cf. primary / junior 初级的；advanced 高级的 internal a. 内部的；内在的；体内的；内心的；国内的（=domestic） ‎ e.g. internal markets 国内市场 ‎ There’s to be an internal inquiry into the whole affair. 对整个事件将进行内部调查。‎ internal doubts 内心的疑虑; internal organs/ injuries 内脏/内伤 ant. external adj. 外部的；外面的; 外来的; 外国的 e.g. influences from the external environment 来自外部环境的影响 interpret v. 解释；把…理解为；翻译，口译 e.g. The students were asked to interpret the poem. 学生们被要求解释那首诗的意义。‎ ‎ I didn’t know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal.‎ ‎ 我不知道该把她的沉默理解为接受还是拒绝。‎ ‎ She couldn’t speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.‎ ‎ 她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。‎ interval n. 间隔；幕间休息 e.g. The interval between arrest and trial can be up to six months. ‎ 从逮捕到审判之间的间隔时间可达六个月。‎ at regular intervals 每隔一定时间；(物件)按相同间距(摆放); at intervals 不时 The phone rang at regular intervals all afternoon. 整个下午每隔一定时间电话铃就响一次。‎ Trees had been planted at regular intervals. 树已按均距栽种。‎ His speech was interrupted by applause at intervals.  他的演讲不时地被掌声打断。‎ involve v. 包含；需要; 涉及; 参与 involve doing ; involvement n. ‎ e.g. I didn’t realize putting on a play involved so much work. ‎ 我没想到上演一出戏剧需要做这么多的工作。‎ Running your own business usually involves working overtime. ‎ 自己经营企业往往要经常加班。‎ Try to involve as many children as possible in the game. 尽量让多一些孩子参与游戏。‎ There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.‎ 有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。‎ be involved in…参与…; 从事…; 涉及…‎ invest (sth) in sth 投资；投入 e.g. Oliver made a fortune by investing in antique furniture. 奥利弗投资古董家具发了财。‎ Williams invested a large sum of money in Swiss stocks. ‎ 威廉斯投资了一大笔钱购买瑞士股票。‎ Everyone here has a lot of time invested in their careers. ‎ 这里的每个人都在自己的事业上投入大量时间。‎ isolate v. 使隔离；使孤立 e.g. The patient was immediately isolated. 病人被立即隔离。‎ Computers and networks isolate us from one another.  计算机和网络将我们彼此孤立开来。‎ isolated adj. 孤独的；偏僻的 e.g Young mothers often feel isolated. 年轻的妈妈常常感到孤独。‎ ‎ Not many people visit this isolated small town. 没有多少人到这个偏僻的小镇来参观。‎ be jealous of… 嫉妒…= be envious of…‎ e.g. Why are you so jealous of his success? 你为什么这么嫉妒他的成功？‎ jewel n. 宝石 jewellery (BrE); jewelry (AmE) 珠宝，首饰 （不可数名词）‎ be out of a job 失业；do the job 起作用，有效；do a good job 干得好 play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑 make a journey to sp. … 去某地旅行 be wild with joy 欣喜若狂 judging from/ by… e.g. Judging from what he said, he was very disappointed.‎ ‎ 根据他的话来判断，他非常失望。‎ ‎ Don’t judge a book by its cover. 勿以貌取人。‎ jump the queue 插队；jump to a conclusion 贸然下结论 be junior to sb. 比某人年级小；be senior to sb. 比某人年级大 e.g. He is three years junior to me. 他比我小三岁。‎ ‎ = He is three years my junior. = He is my junior by three years. He is three years senior to me . 他比我大三岁。‎ be keen to do sth. ; be keen on doing sth. 热衷的，渴望的，热切的；喜欢的；灵敏的，敏锐的 e.g. He told me that he was keen to help. 他告诉我说他很想帮忙。‎ ‎ I wasn’t keen on going there on my own. 我并不渴望一个人去那里。‎ My flatmates want to have a party, but I’m not keen on the idea. ‎ 我同公寓的室友想办个派对，但我却不喜欢这个主意。‎ Dogs have a very keen sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉十分灵敏。‎ cf. be eager to do sth.; be eager for…; ‎ kick off 开始= start fly a kite 放风筝 knit a sweater 织毛衣 knock down sb./ sth. 击倒某人；拆除某物 tie a knot= tie sth. in a knot 打结 have a good knowledge of… 通晓…; 对…很熟悉 to the best of one’s knowledge, 据某人所知, …‎ be lacking in sth. 缺乏某物； for lack of sth. 因为缺乏某物 by land 由陆路； on land 在陆地上 the Lantern Festival 元宵节 be at large 在逃的；未被捕获的 last but not least 最后但同样重要的一点 lately= recently 最近 the former 前者；the latter 后者 laundry n. 洗衣店，洗衣房 (可数名词)；待洗的衣物；刚洗过的衣物 (不可数名词)‎ launch v. & n. 发射；发动，发起; 使(船)下水 e.g. The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000. ‎ 为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。‎ A test satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral. ‎ 一颗实验人造卫星从卡纳维拉尔角发射升空。‎ The are going to launch a cargo ship from the shipyard 他们打算使货轮从船坞下水 They launched a violent attack on the enemy at dawn.‎ 他们在拂晓时向敌人发动猛攻。‎ turn over a new leaf 改过自新；重新做人 leak sth. to sb. 向某人泄露某事 Look before you leap. 三思而后行 at least 至少，起码；at most 至多，最多 ask for leave 请假；请假三天ask for three days’ leave; 请假一天 ask for a day off give a lecture 作讲座 turn (to the) left 向左转；turn (to the) right 向右转；on the left 在左边；on the right 在右边 lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物；borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 learn a lesson 吸取教训 the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 driving license (AmE); driver's licence (BrE) 驾驶证 tell a lie 说谎； a white lie 善意的谎言 live/ lead a happy (hard) life 过着幸福/ 艰苦的生活 take the lift/ elevator 乘坐电梯 lightning n. & adj. 闪电；闪电般的，很快地 e.g. Two farm workers were struck / hit by lightning . 两个农民遭闪电击中。‎ ‎ at lightning speed 以闪电般的速度 ‎ lightning never strikes (in the same place) twice. 闪电不在一处打两次（事不过二）‎ sb’s likes and dislikes 某人的好恶 e.g. We all have our own likes and dislikes when it comes to food. ‎ 说到食物，我们都有自己的好恶。‎ and the like 诸如此类 e.g. Soldiers, policemen, and the like were all called in to help with the emergency. ‎ 军队、警察等都奉令来应付这一突发事件。‎ be likely to do sth. 可能做某事； be unlikely to do sth. 不可能做某事 limitation n. ①限制，制约; ②〔某人或某事物的〕局限性，不足之处 e.g. Despite the limitations of the survey, it did show some general trends. ‎ 这次调查尽管有局限性，但也确实说明了一些普遍的倾向。‎ liquid n.& adj. 液体; 液体的；liquify/ liquefy ['likwifai] v. (使)液化 gas n. 气体；solid n. 固体 make a list of… 列一个…的清单 listen to … 听…; listen for … 等着听…; literature n. 文学; literary adj. 文学的 e.g. We are listening to him playing the piano. 我们在听他们弹钢琴。‎ We were listening for the arrival of the delegation. 我们等着听代表团来的消息。‎ not a little 非常； not a bit 一点也不 long for sth. 渴望某物；long to do sth. 渴望做某事；long for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 e.g. She longed for the chance to speak to him in private. 她渴望有机会和他私下交谈。‎ be at a loss 茫然不知所措 e.g. Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason for his death. ‎ 到目前为止，警探仍非常困惑，无法解释他的死亡原因。‎ I’m at a loss what to do next. 我对下一步做什么茫然不知所措。‎ loyal adj. 忠心的；忠诚的 be loyal to sb. 对…忠诚 cf. royal adj. 王室的；皇家的; n. 王室；王室成员 e.g. the royal palace 王宫; the royal family 王室; the Royal Navy 皇家海军 高考英语词汇手册词汇解析 ‎（luck~ loyal）‎ luck n. 运气；幸运. good luck to sb. 祝某人好运。try one’s luck 碰碰运气 lucky adj. 幸运的；unlucky adj. 不幸的；luckily adv. 幸运地；‎ unluckily= unfortunately 不幸地；可惜地 luggage= baggage（不可数名词） 行李. a piece of luggage 一件行李 luxury n. 奢侈; luxurious [lʌɡ'zjʊəriəs] a. 奢侈的；豪华的 magazine n. 杂志（指普通杂志）； journal n. 杂志 (指专业性、学术性的杂志)；‎ periodical [‚pɪəri'ɒdɪkəl] n. 期刊、杂志，多指定期发行的刊物，如周刊、月刊，不指日刊 magic a.& n. 有魔力的；魔法；魔术；魔力；‎ magical a. 魔法的；美妙的。magical powers 魔力；a magical evening 美妙的夜晚 magician [mə'dʒɪʃən] n. 魔术师 major adj. 主要的；较大的；大多数人的；n. 主修科目；某专业的学生； vi. 主修 ~ in…‎ major repairs 大修；majority n. the majority of… 大多数…; be in the majority 占多数 ant. minor adj. 较小的，次要的；minority n. 少数；少数民族 make it [口语] 达到预期目的，做到，获得成功，办成，及时赶到 e.g. If we run, we should make it. 如果我们跑的话，应该来得及。‎ He came to the US and not only made it but made it big . ‎ 他来到美国，不仅成功了，而且是大获成功。‎ manage to do sth. 设法做成某事= succeed in doing sth.‎ good manners 有礼貌；bad manners 没礼貌 e.g. It’s bad manners to talk with your mouth full (= talk and eat at the same time ) . ‎ 吃东西时讲话是不礼貌的。‎ on the market 上市；可买得到的 e.g. The manufacturers say the device will be on the market by May. ‎ 生产商说该设备将于5月前上市。‎ mark n.& v. 记号；分数；作记号。full marks 满分；top marks 最高分；‎ leave/make its mark on sb/ sth 对某人或某事产生影响；留下印记 e.g. Growing up during the war had left its mark on her. ‎ 战争中的成长经历在她身上留下了烙印。‎ A married B：A 娶了B; marry A to B： 把A嫁给B; A is married to B： A 与B结婚 marvelous adj. 令人惊奇的；绝妙的。 marvel n. 奇迹 wonderful adj. 令人惊叹的，奇妙的; 令人高兴的，使人愉快的。 wonder n. 奇迹 miraculous adj. 不可思议的, 非凡的; 神奇的, 超自然的. miracle n. 奇迹 do / make/ work/ create marvels/ wonders/ miracles 创造奇迹 mass n. 大量；团，块；质量; adj. 大量的；大规模的；the masses 平民，群众 e.g. a high mass of rock 一块高大的岩石; a huge mass of data 大量资料 The sun makes up 99.9% of the mass of our solar system. 太阳占太阳系质量的99.9%。‎ weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器 a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动 a matter of life or death 生死攸关的问题; ‎ e.g. The quality of the ambulance service is a matter of life and death. ‎ 救护车服务的质量是关乎生死的问题。‎ it doesn’t matter 没关系; a matter of principle 原则问题 mature adj. 成熟的；酿熟的， ant. immature adj. 不成熟的 e.g. Laura is very mature for her age . 相对她的年龄来说劳拉是很成熟的。‎ maximum adj.& n. 最大量，最大值; 最大量的，最大限度的，最大值的.‎ e.g. The car has a maximum speed of ‎120 mph. 这辆汽车的最高时速为120英里。‎ He faces a maximum of seven years in prison. 他面临最高7年的刑期。‎ ant. minimum adj. & n.  最小的；最低的; 最少量，最小数；最低限度.‎ maximize  ['mæksɪmaɪz] v. 使增加到最大限度，使最大化; 最大限度地利用，充分利用 e.g. The company’s main aim is to maximize profit. 该公司的主要目的是要把利润最大化。‎ The career center will help you maximize your employment opportunities. ‎ 职业介绍中心将帮助你充分利用就业机会。‎ ant. minimize  [ˈmɪnɪˌmaɪz] v. 把…减至最小量[程度]; 将…最小化；贬低…的重要性 e.g. Every effort is being made to minimize civilian casualties ['kæʒuəltiz]. ‎ 正在尽最大努力减少平民伤亡。‎ Click on the top of the window to minimize it. 点击窗口的顶端使其最小化。‎