高考英语书面表达写作指导上 附模拟试题 6页

高考英语书面表达写作指导（上） 附模拟试题 命题方式和内容 ‎ ‎    书面表达是目前高考英语中唯一的主观性试题，书面表达的质量，很大程度上反映了考生的英语水平，也是高考成败的一个重要砝码。高考写作主要命题方式为看图作文、示意图、简表、提纲等；体裁主要有记叙文、应用文和说明文。近年来，议论文的命题比重越来越大。 ‎ ‎    书面表达答题分类指导 ‎ ‎    （一）记叙文 ‎ ‎    记叙文是以记人叙事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体。在高考英语书面表达中，记人和记事常常是相互联系的。记叙文包括人物介绍、故事、游记、报道、典故、日记等。看图作文也多属于这一类。除第前面提到的外，记叙文还应特别注意： ‎ ‎    1、六要素（人物、时间、地点、事件、原因和结果）完整；人物和事件是叙述的主体。 ‎ ‎    2、清楚明白，情节完整；但不要过分发挥，以防言多必失。 ‎ ‎    3、时态是一个值得注意的现象。通常事件发生的时间是确定时态的关键。表过去的事件和行为，用一般过去时，兼用别的过去时态，必要时也用现在时态。叙述经常性的事情时，以一般现在时为主。总之，下笔前一定要统观全局，确定好时态基点。例如（重庆卷‘04）： ‎ ‎    假设你是图1中的男孩，请根据以下图画提供的情节线索，以Sharing Housework为题，用英文叙述你帮妈妈做家务的经过及感想。 ‎ 注意：1.书面表达必须包括图画所表现的主要内容，可适当增减细节，使其连贯、完整； ‎ ‎    2.词数：100左右。 ‎ ‎    One day, I was going to play football as usual when I saw Mum was washing clothes. She looked so aged and tired. “It’s too hard for Mum to deal with the housework.” So I decided to stay to help Mum wash the clothes instead of playing football. A moment later, Ming Ming came and asked me to play football with him, but I refused him. I went on with my work until I finished washing all the clothes. I was tired out, but looking at the clothes on the rope and thinking of the words with which Mum praised me, I felt very comfortable. It’s our duty to help parents do some housework, I think. ‎ ‎    （二）议论文 ‎ ‎    议论文以议论为主要表达方式，在书面表达中很常见。论点、论据和论证是议论文缺 ‎ ‎    一不可的三要素。在议论文中，作者先就某一问题或现象提出自己的观点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上作逻辑和理论上的论证，这是全文的主要部分，最结得出结论。常见的议论文有科学社论、杂文、评论等。高考书面表达以评论为主，写作时，应注意以下几点： ‎ ‎    1、结构完整，条理清楚，论证严谨； ‎ ‎    2、语言精练，准确易懂，明确表达作者的观点； ‎ ‎    3、以议论为主，以说明、叙述、描写等为辅； ‎ ‎    4、重在说理，摆事实讲道，切忌空泛无物。 ‎ ‎    高考议论文的写作通常采用的是归纳推理法和正反对照法。例如（全国卷III‘05）： ‎ ‎    假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。 ‎ 赞成迁出：‎ 反对迁出：‎ ‎1．游客多，交通堵塞 ‎1．建于1906年，中外闻名 ‎2．郊区环境好 ‎2．搬迁易造成动物园死亡 ‎    注意： ‎ ‎    1、词数100左右，信的开头已为你写好。 ‎ ‎    2、可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ‎ ‎    3、参考词汇：郊区 — suburb ‎ ‎    One possible version ‎ ‎    June, 3,2005 ‎ ‎    Dear Editor, ‎ ‎    Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They also ‎ say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing. ‎ Yours truly, ‎ Li Hua 高考模拟试题 ‎ ‎    1.春节的第四天，你和父母一同去叔叔家。在那里，妈妈告诉你叔叔家的猫生了一个小猫， ‎ ‎    让你给起个名字。吃饭时，你给猫妈妈喂鱼，她吃了一条之后，竟把第二条衔去喂小猫！写一篇题为“A story of the Spring Festival”（春节纪事）的书面表达。要求： ‎ ‎    (1)、 故事情节完整；可根据情节作适当的发挥，包括感想； ‎ ‎    (2)、 词数：不少于100。不包括已经给出的部分。 ‎ ‎    A story of the Spring Festival ‎ ‎    Today’s the fourth day of the Spring Festival. I went to my uncle’s home with my parents, where I saw a very interesting thing. ‎ ‎    2.现在，越来越多的学生参加课外活动，甚至还参加了一些社会活动。为此，同学们持两种不同的观点。假设你是李华，请根据表格中的提示，给报社记者写一封信。 ‎ ‎    你的看法 反对者的观点 ‎ 你的看法 反对者的观点 ‎1、  学生应该积极参加课外活动；‎ ‎2、  它可以帮助学生提高多方面的能力；‎ ‎3、  有利于学生的身心健康 ‎1、  学生应该全力以赴搞好学习；‎ ‎2、  课外活动耽误时间；‎ ‎3、  学生参加社会活动为时尚早 ‎    注：1、可根据主题思想，作适当发挥； ‎ ‎    2、字数：100左右。书信的开头已经为你写好，不包含在字数内。 ‎ ‎    Dear editor, ‎ ‎    Now our school life is very rich and colourful. More and more students have been taking part in all kinds of out-of-class and social activities. …… ‎ ‎    参考例文： ‎ ‎    1.One possible version（给出部分已省） ‎ ‎    I arrived at my uncle’s at ‎9 a.m. My mother told me, “The cat of your grandmother had a baby yesterday. Can you give her a name?” “Kitty, OK?” I said happily. “OK. Do you want to see her?” Uncle asked. I said “yes” and couldn’t wait to see the baby cat. ‎ ‎    Oh, what a nice baby cat! She was sleeping and looked so lovely. At lunchtime, I gave the mother cat some fish. She finished it quickly and asked me for more. But to my surprise, she gave it to Kitty! What a kind mother! ‎ ‎    Today I’ve once again experienced the truth of great love of Mother with my own eyes! ‎ ‎    2. One possible version: ‎ ‎    Dear editor, ‎ ‎    ……. However, some students think students should go all out to study their lessons well instead of joining in such activities. They say that it’ll lose time for their studies and that it’s too early for students take part in social activities. ‎ ‎    But I can’t agree with them. I think students should take an active part in various activities to improve their abilities in organization, social communication and so on. What’s more, it is good for our health both in body and mind. To sum up, we students can benefit from the participation of out-of-class and social activities instead of any harm. Do you think so? ‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎