高考英语必备高考英语设陷易错点难点详析 35页

高考英语面面俱到的设陷易错难题考题祥析 ‎(一)‎ 形容词与副词类 ‎1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _________, but we really don’t want him to smell _____.‎ A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。‎ ‎2. “_________ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _________ man.”‎ A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested ‎【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。‎ ‎【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时，可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：‎ All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。‎ All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。‎ I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。‎ I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。‎ 再比较：‎ He is frightened. 他很害怕。‎ He is frightening. 他很吓人。‎ He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。‎ He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。‎ ‎3. I think he is _________ to tell us the secret, but I’m not sure.‎ A. possible B. likely C. impossible D. certain ‎【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。‎ ‎【分析】根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除A和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法，它与possible所用句型不同，请看实例：‎ Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?‎ It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。‎ They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词，而前两句中的likely为形容词)‎ ‎ 4. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if _________. ‎ A. you’re convenient B. it is convenient for you ‎ C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或C，因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”,英语通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：‎ Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。‎ The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。‎ 如果我告诉你N个秘诀，在做完形填空和阅读理解题时，不用看文章和题干，只是简单的比较四个选项，就能瞬间选出正确答案，你是否想看？‎ 请先看下面的例子，它是辽宁卷2010年真题的第36题，是一个完形填空题. 在此我只列出它的四个选项,试试看，只是比较选项，你是否能够在3秒之内选出正确答案?‎ ‎36. A. worried B. sad C. surprised D. nervous 正确答案是C, ABD都是一个人状态不好的倾向词，而C则为中性词，表述态度不一致者是答案。.如果你知道了这个秘诀，可以解决很多类似的完型填空题!‎ 看一下辽宁卷2010年完形填空真题的第52题:‎ ‎52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably 正确答案是C, ABD都是含义不肯定的副词，排除表述不明确的选项,答案就水落石出了. 如果你知道了这个秘诀，你更是可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 试想一下,知道了全部36个完形秘诀之后,您的分数会怎么样呢?‎ 请再看下面的例子，它是辽宁卷2010年真题阅读理解题的第56题，在此我只写出它的题干和四个选项.也试试看，只是比较选项，你是否能够在5秒之内选出正确答案?‎ ‎56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers .‎ ‎ A.worked very hard for centuries ‎ B.dreamed of having a better life ‎ ‎ C.were poor but somewhat content ‎ D.lived a different life from their forefathers 正确答案是C, 选项中表述的内容前后相互矛盾的是答案! 思路很简单，如果你掌握了其中的秘诀，抛开文章，你也可以很快选出正确答案. 掌握此类瞬间解题秘诀，不仅缩短了答题时间，还能保障近乎100%的准确率！‎ 再举个例子，假如2010年辽宁卷高考英语完形填空的47题,不知选哪个, 怎么办？‎ As I found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two 47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English!‎ ‎47. A. words B. names C. ideas D. characters 很简单，选A，勿须有任何的犹豫,为什么？复现法则!‎ 吴军英语高分密码会告诉你具体原因以及更多的解决“难题”的秘诀,都是非常的简单和直接.请记住!遇到“难题”，即使“猜”答案，也要“猜”的有理有据,切勿盲目的“猜”!‎ ‎  The moment he was about to 47 the hospital, he saw on the desk the 48 new book ,just as he had left it one 49 ago.‎ ‎  48. A much B still C hardly D quite 很简单，选B，为什么？答案高频词汇倾向归纳让你笑逐颜开!‎ 高频形容词 副词: suddenly, even, finally, first, last, again, also, however, though, although, yet, instead, even though, but, still等.‎ ‎5. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the _________.‎ A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics C. busy traffic D. busy traffics ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为 crowded traffic(s)；由于 traffic 不可数，排除含 traffics 的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。‎ ‎【分析】其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的 traffic 习惯上不用 crowded 修饰，而用 busy 或 heavy 修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：‎ ‎(1) 汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是green tea，但相应的“红茶”却是black tea 而不是 red tea。‎ ‎(2) 可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee (tea)；要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”，可用strong coffee (tea)。‎ ‎(3) 可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee (tea)；要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”，可用weak coffee (tea)。‎ ‎6. Mary is very clever and ____worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now_____asleep in class.‎ A. very, very B. much, very C. well, very D. well, fast ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。‎ ‎【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词 worth 和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事),be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。‎ ‎7. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _______and eyes ________.‎ A. open, close B. opened, closed C. opened, close D. open, closed ‎【陷阱】此题很容易误选A。‎ ‎【分析】答案应选 D。open 和 close 均可用作动词，前者表示“开”,后者表示“关”是一对反义词，如：‎ Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 请张开嘴，闭上眼。‎ 但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”、“亲近的”等，而并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用 closed，即用作形容词时，open 与close 不是一对反义词，而与 closed 才是反义词。‎ ‎8. A _________ road goes _________ from one place to another.‎ A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight ‎【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。‎ ‎【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。‎ 介词类 ‎1. “You went late _________the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _________the supper.”‎ A. to, with B. for, with C. for, for D. at, for ‎【陷阱】容易误选 B 或D。‎ ‎【分析】答案应选 A.第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词,用以修饰 go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较：‎ We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。‎ We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。‎ 句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。‎ ‎2. Sometimes our opinions differ _________what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed A. which B. since C. because D. because of ‎【陷阱】容易误选C。因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。‎ ‎【分析】此题答案选D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用“引导词”。如：‎ He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。‎ They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。‎ Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。‎ 假若，一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。如：‎ She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。‎ 句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。‎ He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。‎ 句中的 how 相当于 the way in which，也就是说 how he treated his boss相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语,而in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。‎ ‎3. “How long have you been an actor?” “_________1995, when I graduated from college.”‎ A. After B. In C. From D. Since ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：‎ ‎“When did you became an actor?” “_________1995, when I graduated from college.”‎ A. After B. In C. From D. Since 此题选B，因为问句问的是when(何时)，所以用 in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。‎ 请再看两题：‎ ‎(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “_________ the end of last year.”‎ A. In B. By C. At D. Since 答案选D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问“工作了多久”，答句说“自去年年底至今”。‎ ‎(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “_________ the end of next year.”‎ A. In B. By C. At D. Since 答案选B，问句问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作明年明底”。‎ ‎(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “_________ the end of last year.”‎ A. In B. By C. At D. Since 答案选C，问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年明底离开”。‎ ‎4. Don’t be angry _________ me for not having written. I was really too busy.‎ A. about B. with C. to D. for ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的“对某人生气”，将其中的“对”直译为to。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为 B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但不说 be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：‎ 你对这些安排感到满意吗?‎ 误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements? ‎ 正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?‎ 老师应该对他的学生严格要求。‎ 误：Teachers should be strict to their students.‎ 正：Teachers should be strict with their students.‎ ‎5. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _________ writing often.‎ A. with B. of C. on D. by ‎【陷阱】容易误选A。根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：‎ ‎(1) We’ve talked a lot _________ films. How _________ television now?‎ A. of, with B. with, towards C. about, about D. for, about 此题不要受 a lot of的影响而误选A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk ‎ about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?” What about…意为“……怎么样”，用于征求意见。‎ ‎(2) We all regarded the poor old man _________sympathy.‎ A. as B. with C. of D. by 有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard … as … (把……当作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。‎ It类 ‎1. Everyone knows that _________ is dangerous to play with fire, but _________ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.‎ A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it ‎【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：‎ ‎(1) I know _________ is important to know my own limitations, but ________is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.‎ A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it ‎(2) Yes, ________ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but ________ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.‎ A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it ‎2. I dislike _________ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.‎ A. that B. those C. it D. them ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，dislike 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当……的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I don’t like it when (if) … 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy,‎ like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。‎ She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。‎ He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。‎ 请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)：‎ ‎(1) I hate _________ if people say such things in public. ‎ A. that B. those C. it D. them ‎(2) I’d prefer _________ if I didn’t have to get up early on Sundays. ‎ A. that B. such C. it D. which ‎(3) I would appreciate _________ very much if you could give me some suggestions.‎ A. this B. that C. it D. you ‎3. I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who _________ was. ‎ A. he B. that C. she D. it ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或C。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：‎ ‎(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _________ wants to see you.‎ ‎(2) Someone is at the door. _________ must be Mr Smith.‎ A. He B. It C. This D. That 第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。‎ ‎4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.”‎ A. one B. it C. some D. that ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：‎ I haven’t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)‎ I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)‎ I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)‎ 在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：‎ There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy ‎ ‎_________.‎ A. it                         B. one C. another D. any ‎5. Will you see to _________ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?‎ A. it B. me C. yourself D. them ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：‎ ‎(1) I’ll see to _________ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.‎ A. it B. me C. which D. them ‎(2) Will you see to _________ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?‎ A. me B. yourself C. it D. them 类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：‎ ‎(1) You may depend on _________ that he will turn up in time. ‎ A. it B. me C. which D. them ‎(2) I can’t answer for _________ that the boy is honest. ‎ A. it B. me C. which D. them 名词类 ‎1. Her father works as a _________ in a hotel and her mother a _________ in a private company.‎ A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter ‎【陷阱】误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type 用作动词，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。‎ ‎【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。‎ ‎2. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by _______.”‎ A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics ‎【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。‎ ‎【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说heavy traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：‎ She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _________.‎ A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics ‎3. By all _________, you must try every _________ to help him.‎ A. mean, mean B. means, means C. means, mean D. mean, means ‎【陷阱】误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。‎ ‎【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C，by all means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：‎ All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。‎ Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。‎ 若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：‎ Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?‎ ‎4. Jim is _________ person, and everyone is willing to be _________ with him.‎ A. so kind a, friend B. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friend D. so a kind, friend ‎【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。‎ ‎【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同.be friends with是习语,意为“与…友好”、“跟…做朋友”,与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：‎ He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。‎ He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。‎ ‎5. She raised her finger to her lips as _________ for silence. ‎ A. an idea B. a mark C. a sign D. a word ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：‎ ‎(1) Those black clouds are a sure _________ that it’s going to rain. ‎ A. thing B. mark C. sign D. one ‎(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ________of good harvest next year.‎ A. mark B. track C. sign D. appearance 但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：‎ The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _________ of courage and power. ‎ A. example B. sign C. mark D. symbol 顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。‎ ‎6. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _________ and two green _________.”‎ A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teas C. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas ‎【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。‎ ‎【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。‎ 冠词类 ‎1. “Do you know _________ English for ‘美女’?” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in ______ English language.”‎ A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填 ‎【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：‎ ‎(1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：‎ The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。‎ ‎(2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：‎ What’s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? ‎ ‎(3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：‎ There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。‎ ‎2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _________ Sunday because everybody was at _________ church. ‎ A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填 ‎【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如：‎ He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。‎ My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。‎ ‎3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ________ long hair or the one with _________long beard?‎ A. a, a B. 不填，不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a ‎【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：‎ He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。‎ He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。‎ 而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：‎ He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。‎ Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。‎ ‎4. I once watched _________ one-act play, which was played by _________ 11-year-old boy.‎ A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a ‎ ‎【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为 11的英文是 eleven的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他：‎ ‎(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _________ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with _________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.‎ A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a ‎ ‎(2) We hired _________ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him ________ 100-pound check for just one minute.‎ A. a, an B. an, a C. a, a D. an, an ‎5. “Have you seen _________ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _________black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”‎ A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a ‎【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题： ‎ ‎“Have you seen _________ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _________ black one? I found it in the corner.”‎ A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a 此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：‎ ‎“Have you seen _________ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _________ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”‎ A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a 此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。‎ ‎6. My friend Mary is _________ beautiful girl and _________ girl everyone likes to work with.‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the ‎【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A)：‎ ‎(1) Jim is _________ brave boy and _________ boy never fearing anything.‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the ‎(2) It is really _________ useful dictionary and _________ dictionary every one of us needs.‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the 状语从句类 ‎1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out ______ your work is being done.”‎ A. before B. until C. as D. the moment ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查 not…until…结构。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选 as 表原因。‎ ‎2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_________ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”‎ A. As B. While C. Because D. If ‎【陷阱】容易误选A。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 B。尽管 as 和 while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的 as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果 as 不是表示“当……的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：‎ I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)‎ 请做以下两题，答案均选 while，不选as：‎ ‎(1) _________ you are at home alone, please don’t leave the door open. ‎ A. While B. As C. Before D. How ‎(2) _________ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her. ‎ A. While B. As C. After D. How ‎3. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre. ‎ A. that B. when C. which D. where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)……的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 where)：‎ ‎(1) The famous scientist grew up _________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.‎ A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever ‎(2) She found her calculator _________ she lost it. ‎ A. where B. while C. in which D. that ‎(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again. ‎ A. when B. where C. then D. which ‎(4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.‎ A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where ‎(5) You should let your children play _________ you can see them.‎ A. where B. when C. in which D. that ‎(6) Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.‎ A. where B. when C. in which D. that ‎4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _________ stood the famous tower.‎ A. that B. at which C. when D. where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在……的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是 the famous tower，谓语是 stood，正常词序为 where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。‎ ‎5. They kept trying _________ they must have known it was hopeless.‎ A. if B. because C. when D. where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 在此的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：‎ He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。‎ He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。‎ The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。‎ 有许多同学只知道 when 表示“当……的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：‎ Why do you want a new job _________ you’ve got such a good one already?‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎6. He was about to tell me the secret _________ someone patted him on the shoulder.‎ A. as B. until C. when D. while ‎ ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的 when 可以连用副词 suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用 suddenly 来代替 when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：‎ ‎(1) I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang. ‎ A. when B. suddenly C. as soon as D. directly ‎(2) We were swimming in the lake‎ ‎‎_________‎ the storm started. ‎ A. when B. suddenly C. until D. before ‎(3) She was walking down the road _________ she heard someone shouting for help.‎ A. when B. suddenly C. until D. before ‎7. The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control.‎ A. when B. since C. after D. before ‎ ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。before 意为“在……之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地，以下两题也选 before：‎ ‎(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _________it got worse.‎ A. until B. when C. before D. as ‎(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _______I could answer the phone.‎ A. as B. since C. until D. before ‎(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _________ she is completely well.‎ A. that B. since C. when D. before ‎(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _________ they spoke. ‎ A. after B. before C. since D. when ‎ ‎8. Mother asked me to take more money _________ something unexpected should happen.‎ A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、“万一”；二是表示“目的”，意为“以防”、“免得”。如以下各题也都选 in case：‎ ‎(1) _________ I forget, please remind me about it.‎ A. In case B. So that C. In order that D. When ‎(2) Take your umbrella just _________ it rains.‎ A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when ‎(3) Be quiet _________ you should wake the baby.‎ A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when ‎(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.‎ A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when ‎(5). I’ll keep his address _________ I need it. ‎ A. so that B. in order that C. in case D. when ‎ ‎9. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, ________she has finished her homework.”‎ A. when B. since C. unless D. as soon as ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 C。此句为省略句，答句句首的 No 表明其后省略的是一个否定句，全句补充完整为：She can’t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 请做类似试题(答案均选B)：(from www.nmet168.com)‎ ‎(1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, _________you aren’t too noisy.”‎ A. when B. if C. unless D. as soon as ‎(2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, ________we promise him more money.”‎ A. when B. unless C. unless D. as soon as ‎(3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _________ we don’t sleep throughout the night.”‎ 虚拟语气类 ‎1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now. ‎ A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing ‎ ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即 or=if I didn’t ‎ forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。‎ ‎2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”‎ A. He’d better give up drinking                        B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much ‎ C. Health is more important than drink            D. I wonder why he is always doing so ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。‎ ‎3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”‎ A. do B. are C. will D. would ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：‎ ‎(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：‎ He likes to watch TV, and so do I.‎ 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。‎ When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。‎ ‎(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息）,所以主句要用 ‎ would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。‎ ‎4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”‎ A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。‎ ‎【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：‎ I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。‎ I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。‎ I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。‎ 请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：‎ ‎(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”‎ A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”‎ A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”‎ A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.‎ A. should be; be operated on                    B. were; must be operated on ‎ C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：‎ ‎(1) The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.‎ A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent ‎(2) The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.‎ A. should do, should be B. had done, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been ‎(3) I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______quite well then.‎ A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel ‎6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. ‎ A. Was he given up B. Had he given up ‎ C. Did he give D. If he gave up ‎【陷阱】容易误选 D。 ‎ ‎【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D,是因为时态前后有矛盾.由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：‎ Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。‎ Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。‎ 时态类 ‎ ‎1. “I _______ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ________to bring my phone book.”‎ A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。‎ ‎【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例：‎ ‎— Oh, I _________ where he lives. ‎ ‎— Don’t you carry your address book?‎ No, I _________ to bring it.‎ A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget 答案选C，理由同上。‎ ‎2. Dear me! Just _________ at the time! I _________ no idea it was so late.‎ A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have ‎ ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。‎ ‎【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。‎ ‎3. Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.‎ A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing ‎【陷阱】容易误选B或C。‎ ‎【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。‎ ‎4. He has changed a lot. He _______not what he _____. ‎ A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：‎ ‎“What place is it?” “Haven’t you found out we _________ back where we _________?”‎ A. were, had been B. have been, are  C. are, were D. are, had been 答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。‎ ‎5. The bridge, which _________ 1688, needs repairing.‎ A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态,又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。‎ ‎【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：‎ The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。‎ The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。‎ 但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：‎ The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。‎ 注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。‎ ‎6. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _________ and turn it off.”‎ A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going ‎【陷阱】容易误选D。‎ ‎【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：‎ ‎“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。” “没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)‎ I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)。‎ 情态动词 ‎1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he_answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”‎ A. shall B. will C. would D. can ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：‎ ‎(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：‎ Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?‎ Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？‎ ‎(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：‎ You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)‎ Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)‎ You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)‎ 请做以下试题(答案均选 shall)：‎ ‎(1) “I promise that she____get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”‎ A. should B. must C. would D. shall ‎2. You _________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.‎ A. cannot B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：‎ You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。‎ You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。‎ We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。‎ A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。‎ 注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：‎ It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。‎ ‎3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.”‎ A. must B. can C. need D. may ‎【陷阱】可能误选B或C。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but,说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。‎ ‎4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ______ true because there was little snow there.”‎ A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C。‎ ‎5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _________ so once, but I don’t now.”‎ A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think 答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。请看类例：‎ Their answers are exactly the same — one of them _________ from the other.‎ A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied 答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D。‎ ‎6. You _________ be right, but I don’t think you are.‎ A. can B. could C. must D. should ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。‎ 强调句类 ‎ ‎1. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”‎ A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：‎ It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. ‎ 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：‎ ‎(1) Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl?‎ A. since B. as C. that D. he 答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。‎ ‎(2) What is it _________ his daughter needs most?‎ A. what B. which C. that D. if 答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。‎ ‎2. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall _______ the students often have a meeting.”‎ A. where B. which C. that D. when ‎【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。‎ ‎【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the ‎ hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。‎ 其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。‎ ‎3. It was what he meant rather than what he said _________ annoyed me. ‎ A. which B. as C. what D. that ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：‎ ‎(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job. ‎ A. which B. since C. that D. what ‎ 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。‎ ‎(2) It is the ability to do the job _________matters not where you come from or what you are.‎ A. one B. that C. what D. it 答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。‎ ‎4. It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.‎ A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。‎ ‎【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：‎ ‎(1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.‎ A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in ‎ prison)。‎ ‎(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.‎ A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。 ‎ ‎5. “Was it under the tree ______ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.‎ A. that B. where C. which D. while ‎【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。‎ ‎【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境.在此句中，it 是代词,指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句,句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。‎ ‎6. It’s more than half a century _______ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.‎ A. when B. that C. since D. while ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。‎ ‎【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather ‎ joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然,句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。‎ ‎7. It was lack of money, not of effort, _________ defeated their plan. ‎ A. which B. as C. that D. what ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。‎ ‎【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。‎ 连词类 ‎1. I’m sorry, _________ I won’t be able to come tonight.‎ A. for B. and C. but D. then ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，因为空格后的句子是用以说明 I’m sorry 的原因的，所以便想当然地认为要选for来表示原因。‎ ‎【分析】事实上，I’m sorry 后习惯上不接表示原因的连词 for，而接表示转折的连词 but（也可省略 but），用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。又如：‎ Oh, sorry, but she’s out. 哦，不好意思，她出去了。‎ I’m sorry, but I have to disagree. 对不起，我不敢苟同。‎ I’m sorry, but I have already had another appointment. 对不起，我已经有约会了。‎ 注：I’m sorry 后虽然不能接表原因的连词for，但却可接介词 for。如：‎ I’m sorry for shouting at you. 对不起冲你嚷嚷了。‎ I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。‎ ‎2. The point is not who said the words, _________ they are true or not.‎ A. but whether B. and whether C. but how D. and how ‎ ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为A。此题涉及两个搭配：一是 not … but …（不是……而是……），二是 whether … or not (是否)。请看类例：‎ He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _________ a writer, writing stories.‎ A. but B. and C. then D. so 答案选A，主要考查 not … but … 结构。‎ ‎3. Just because they make more money than I do, _________ they seem to look down on me. ‎ A. so B. and C. but D. 不填 ‎【陷阱】但容易误选A，将汉语的“因为……所以……”直译为 because … so …。‎ ‎【分析】此题正确答案为D，但是按英语语法，because 为从属连词，用以引导原因状语从句，它表明整个句子为复合句；而 so 在表示“所以”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 because，又用了并列连词 so，使得该句一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。‎ ‎4. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _________ he won first prize. ‎ A. but B. and C. even D. 不填 ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为 although … but …。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案选D。按英语语法，although 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它表明整个句子为复合句；而 but 在表示“但是”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 although，又用了并列连词 but ，使得该句一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。其实，此题与上面一题的分析思路是一样的。这里顺便说一句，许多同学(包括许多老师和教学参考书)为了便于记忆，将此题与上面一题的知识点简单地归纳为“按英语习惯，because和so不可连用，although 与 but 不可连用”。这种说法在通常情况下无疑是对的，也是有效的，但同学们一定要在明白以上道理的情况下来使用此规则，如果只是死记该规则，有时遇到一些语言特例仍然会出错。如：‎ But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来我还是知道了。‎ 此句既用了并列连词 but，又用了从属连词 although，但它并未造成错误，原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用，but 后的 I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 仍为一个复合句。‎ I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难。‎ 此句将 but 与 although 用在一起，但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句—这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.‎ ‎5. When the last prize had been awarded _________ everybody cleared off. ‎ A. and B. so C. or D. 不填 ‎【陷阱】容易想当然地误选A。‎ ‎【分析】句首 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，它暗示整个句子为复合句；而so, and, or 为并列连词，无论选哪一个，都表明整个句子为并列句，从而导致前后矛盾，所以A、B、C均不能选择。此题正确答案选D，everybody cleared off 为整个复合句的主句。请看类似例子：‎ ‎(1) If wishes were horses, _________ beggars would ride. ‎ A. and B. so C. or D. 不填 ‎(2) If I’m mistaken, _________ you are mistaken too.‎ A. so B. and C. or D. 不填 ‎(3) Just before I left London, _________ I sent him a telegram. ‎ A. and B. so C. or D. 不填 ‎(4) After they had each said a few words, _________ Lloyd George took the floor. ‎ A. and B. so C. or D. 不填 答案均选D，空格前分别为 if, when, before, after 引导的状语从句，空格后为整个复合句的主句。‎ 非谓语动词类 ‎1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________ it more difficult.‎ A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make ‎【陷阱】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。‎ ‎【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：‎ The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _________ work for young people. ‎ A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided ‎2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.‎ A. to be tied B. being tied C. tied D. having tied ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：‎ Anyone _________ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police. ‎ A. finds B. found C. being found D. will find 答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。‎ 比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：‎ ‎(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case _________.‎ A. argued B. to be argued C. to be arguing D. being argued ‎(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of ‎ pages _________.‎ A. turned B. having turned C. to be turned D. being turned ‎3. Once your business becomes international, _________ constantly will be part of your life.‎ A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。‎ ‎4. Not only should you get used _________ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more ‎ attention _________ your work well. ‎ A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do ‎【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：‎ look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事 object to doing sth反对做某事 stick to doing sth 坚持做某事 get down to doing sth 开始做某事 take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事 admit to doing 承认做了某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事 devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事 be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事 What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样 ‎5. Both of my parents insisted _________ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.‎ A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。‎ ‎【分析】答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：‎ He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。‎ I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。‎ ‎6. “Do you have anything more _________, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”‎ A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type ‎【陷阱】容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：‎ Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？‎ I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。‎ ‎7. She took her son, ran out of the house, _______him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office. ‎ A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put ‎【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A)：‎ I got out of the taxi, _________ the fare and dashed into the station.‎ A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid 但是，下面一题稍有不同：‎ Hearing the news, he rushed out, _________ the book _________ on the table and disappeared into the distance. ‎ A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened 此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。‎ ‎8. The boss insisted that every minute _________ made full use of _________ the work well.‎ A. be, to do B. was, doing C. be, doing D. was, to do ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。‎ ‎【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下：‎ ‎(1) 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。‎ ‎(2) 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：‎ ‎(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ________the power station.‎ A. to build B. building C. build D. built 此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：‎ ‎…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station 由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。‎ ‎(2) Does the way you thought of _________ the water clean make any sense?‎ A. making B. to make C. how to make D. having made 此题答案选B，不是A。句子主语是 the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。‎ ‎9. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________ the next year.‎ A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 ‎ ‎【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：‎ ‎(1) that they would like to see _________ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。‎ ‎(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。‎ 请做以下类似试题：‎ ‎(1) Who do you think you’d like _________ with you, a boy or a girl?‎ A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go 在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：(from www.nmet168.com)‎ I think I’d like to have a boy go with me. ‎ 句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：‎ Who do you think you’d like to have go with you?‎ 对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。‎ ‎(2) Who did the boss _________ his car this time?‎ A. make wash B. make to wash C. make washing D. making to wash 在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：‎ The boss made Jack wash his car this time.‎ 假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：‎ Who did the boss make wash his car this time?‎ 由此可知上面题答案为A。‎ ‎(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _________ your house all by myself.‎ A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding 此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。‎ 定语从句类 ‎1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains. ‎ A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：‎ ‎(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.‎ A. which is B. it is C. which are            D. them are ‎(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.‎ A. which are B. it is C. which is              D. them are ‎(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.‎ A. which are B. it is C. which is              D. them are ‎2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”‎ A. that B. which C. where D. what ‎【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？‎ ‎3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.‎ A. that B. who C. as D. whom ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：‎ David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.‎ A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）：‎ It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.‎ A. like B. that C. which                  D. as ‎ 4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.‎ A. that B. it C. them D. which ‎【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：‎ ‎(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.‎ A. that B. it C. them D. which ‎(2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.‎ A. that B. it C. them D. which ‎(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.‎ A. that B. it C. them D. which 类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：‎ ‎(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.‎ A. that B. him C. them D. whom ‎(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer.‎ A. that B. who C. them D. whom ‎(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students. ‎ A. that B. who C. them D. whom ‎5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.‎ A. whom B. them C. which D. who ‎【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 ‎ invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：‎ ‎(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work..‎ A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。‎ ‎(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______were carried out in their work.‎ A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。‎ ‎(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of ___were carried out in their work.‎ A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。‎ ‎6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____parents seated together joking.‎ A. their B. whose C. which D. that ‎【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：‎ ‎(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents were seated together joking.‎ A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。‎ ‎(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and ______ parents were seated together joking.‎ A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。‎ ‎(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.‎ A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。‎ ‎(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ______parents sat together joking.‎ A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。‎ ‎(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _____parents were sitting together joking.‎ A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。‎ ‎7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that ‎【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：‎ ‎(1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.‎ A. as B. which C. and it D. that ‎(2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡15. ‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that ‎(3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me. ‎ A. that B. which C. and it D. so ‎(4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating. ‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that 比较结构类 ‎1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _________ voice.‎ A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best ‎ ‎【陷阱】容易误选D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。‎ ‎【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A，该句可视为…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例：‎ He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。‎ This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱，我从未见过这样好看的鸟。‎ 比较以下试题，情形也大致相同：‎ ‎(1) “I’ve never found a better job.” “_________.”‎ A. I don’t think so B. Too bad C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry 答案选C，I’ve never found a better job可视为 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意为：我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作，即这是我所找到的最好的工作。‎ ‎(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh,______. We couldn’t have found a better place.”‎ A. too bad B. sorry C. wonderful D. impossible 答案选 C.We couldn’t have found a better place 可视为We couldn’t have found a better place ‎ than this place，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”，即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。‎ ‎(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _________IQ.‎ A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest 答案选B，句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。‎ ‎(4) . How cold it is! We’ve never had _________ this winter.‎ A. the colder day B. a cold day C. the coldest day D. a colder day 答案选D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。‎ ‎2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _________ known for his plays. ‎ A. the best B. more C. better D. the most ‎【陷阱】容易误选D。‎ ‎【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D，因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known，有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most ‎ known。至于是选A还是C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象，故应选比较级。‎ ‎3. You are ________careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less ‎【陷阱】容易误选A。‎ ‎【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：‎ not more … than = 不如……‎ no more … than = 和……一样不 (否定两者)‎ not less … than = 不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)‎ no less … than = 和……一样 (肯定两者)‎ 比较以下各句的意思：‎ You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。‎ You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。‎ You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。‎ You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。‎ You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。‎ You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。‎ 通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为B。‎ ‎4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _________ than fat.”‎ A. short B. shorter  C. more short D. shortest ‎【陷阱】容易误选B。认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。‎ ‎【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：‎ ‎(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：‎ My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。‎ Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。‎ ‎(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。如：‎ He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。‎ She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。‎ This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。‎ 按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。‎ 被动语态类 ‎ ‎1. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _________ very soft.”‎ A. is feeling B. felt  C. feels D. is felt ‎【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel 选用被动语态。‎ ‎【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子 (答案均为D)：‎ ‎(1) Her forehead _________ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.‎ A. is feeling B. felt C. is felt D. feels ‎(2) The new school has been completed. It _________ very beautiful.‎ A. is looked B. looked  C. has looked D. looks ‎(3) The dish _________ nice, but the milk _________ sour.‎ A. is smelt, is smelt B. is smelt, smells C. smells, is smelt D. smells, smells ‎(4) The story of his life _________ interesting.‎ A. is sounded B. is sounding C. has sounded D. sounds ‎2. He was angry _________ your work. He said that he _________ at all.‎ A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied ‎【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。‎ ‎【分析】最佳答案为C。 be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about) 换成 to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 not satisfy，这是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。‎ ‎(二)‎ 一道易错难题 有这样一道题：‎ One thing about child raising to be certain of _______ that the longer the child is with its mother, the ______.‎ A. being, good B. being, better C. is, good D. is, better 答题是D，但为什么不是A或B呢？‎ 此题的答案的确该选D，你认为要选A或B，可能是认为第一空前的介词of后应接动名词作宾语的缘故吧.其实,此句的主语是one thing,其后的about child raising和to be certain of均为修饰主语的定语，第一空应填动词is，为句子的谓语，其后的that the longer…为表语从句。第二空应填better，是因为谓语动词is后的表语从句用的是“the+比较级，the+比较级”这一句型，它表示的是“越……就越……”。此句的意思是：关于小孩的培养有一点是可以肯定的，那就是小孩与母亲在一起的时间越长，(对小孩的培养)就越好。‎ 假考非谓语动词的设陷题 请看下面一道题：‎ ‎_________ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house. ‎ A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 思路分析：此题容易误选B或C，许多同学一看选项就想当然地认为，选现在分词表示时间或伴随，选不定式表目的。此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即 and 前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即 and 前是一个祈使句。比较以下两题：‎ ‎(1) _________ the road round to the right, she found his house. ‎ A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 此题应选B，现在分词短语表时间。‎ ‎(2) _________ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.‎ A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed 此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。‎ 注意以下各题均应选A，均因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）：‎ ‎(1) _________ the milk and set a good example to the other children. ‎ A. Drink B. To drink C. Drinking D. Having drinking ‎(2) _________ me, and don’t just stand there laughing. ‎ A. Answer B. To answer C. Answering D. To be answering ‎(3) _________ me , and then try to copy what I do. ‎ A. Watch B. Watching C. To watch D. Have watching ‎(4) _________ through this book and tell me what you think of it. ‎ A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Having looked ‎(5) _________ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.‎ A. Leave B. Leaving C. If you leave D. When left 注：有时可能不用连词，而用破折号（答案均选B，填空句为祈使句）。如：‎ ‎(1) _________ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.‎ A. Turning B. Turn C. Turned D. To turn ‎ ‎(2) _________ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.‎ A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried 以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）：‎ ‎(1) _________ left when you get to the end of the street.‎ A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept ‎(2) _________ you hand over your mouth when you cough. ‎ A. Put B. Putting C. To put D. To be putting ‎(3) _________ him enough time to get home before you telephone. ‎ A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given ‎ (4)_________ until the lights have turned to green. ‎ A. Wait B. To wait C. Waiting D. Having waited ‎(5) _________ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together. ‎ A. Join B. To join C. Joining D. Joined 以下各题也应选A，即填空句为祈使句：‎ ‎(1) Don’t give me a long account, just _________ the plain facts. ‎ A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. to be telling ‎(2) First _________ the rice by washing it, then _________ it in boiling water. ‎ A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking ‎(3) Don’t sit there watching — _________ and help me! ‎ A. come B. coming C. to come D. to be coming ‎(4) Don’t waste your money on silly things — _________ it. ‎ A. save B. to save C. saving D. having saved ‎(5) To test eggs, _________ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good. ‎ A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting 但是，以下各题情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语(用不定式，即答案均为B)：‎ ‎(1) _________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.‎ A. Sleep B. To sleep C. Sleeping D. Having slept ‎(2) _________ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.‎ A. Catch B. To catch C. Catching D. Having caught 别让非限制性定语从句搞蒙了 请看下面一道题：‎ If a book is in English, _________ means slow progress for you.‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that ‎【分析】此题容易误选 A或B，想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样分析的同学，主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选D，逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的意思，用作主句的主语。同样地，下面几题也应选 that，而不选 which：‎ ‎(1) If he’s only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that ‎(2) If you want to go, _________is quite all right with me. ‎ A. that B. which C. and it D. so ‎(3) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating. ‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that ‎(4) If you want a double room , _________ will cost another ￡15. ‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that ‎(5) If you have the money, _________ will be OK.‎ A. as B. which C. and it D. that 下例也选 that 而不选 which，其中 that 表示“那”‎ Unless I’m very much mistaken, _________ is my watch you’re wearing! ‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that 固定搭配设陷题 请看下面一题：‎ We keep in touch _________ writing often.‎ A. with B. of C. on D. by 许多同学根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是选A错了，因为套此搭配此句意思不通，正确答案应是D，by 表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：‎ ‎(1) We’ve talked a lot _________cars. What about trains?‎ A. of B. with C. about D. in 由于受 a lot of 这一常用结构的影响，许多同学毫不犹豫地选了A，但是错了。原因是：若选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但事实上，动词 talk 是不及物动词。正确答案是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对汽车已谈了不少，现在谈谈火车怎么样?”‎ ‎(2) We all regarded the poor old man _________sympathy.‎ A. as B. with C. of D. by 许多同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard … as …(把……看作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。又如：‎ Now they regarded her with a new respect. 现在他们对她有了新的崇敬之情。‎ ‎(3) We've decided to leave _________ the farm at once.‎ A. on B. to C. for D. at 许多同学知道 farm 前习惯上要用介词 on，所以断定此题应选A，但是错了。最佳答案应是C，leave for 意为“动身去”。全句意为“我们决定马上动身去农场”。‎ ‎(4) “How long have you been here?” “_________ the end of last month.”‎ A. In B. By C. At D. Since 由于 in the end, by the end (of), at the end (of) 等均属常用搭配，所以许多同学便将此题的正确答案确定在A、B、C三项之中。而事实上，此题A、B、C均不适合，只有D是最佳的，这与上文的语境有关，上文询问“多久”，下文理应用表示一段时间的短语来回答。‎ 祈使句还是非谓语动词的设陷 请看下面这道题，是考查祈使句还是考查非谓语动词：‎ If they don’t understand it the first time, ________over it again until they do. ‎ A. going B. to go C. gone D. go ‎【分析】此题正确答案选D，其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前 if 引导的是一个条件状语从句，而在空格处无论是填A、B或C，它都是一个非谓语动词短语，而不是一个句子，这样一来，整个句子没有主句，从而导致结构不完整。若选D，则 go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句)，在此用作主语。又如：‎ ‎(1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more.‎ A. give B. giving C. given D. to give ‎(2) If anyone calls, _________ them I’m not at home.‎ A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell ‎(3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once.‎ A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask ‎(4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible. ‎ A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 答案均选A，空格前分别为 if, when, while 引导的状语从句，空格处填动词原形，构成祈使句，用作句子主语。‎ 有关并列句的一道易错题 请看：‎ They weren’t a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _________ defeat.‎ A. accept B. accepted C. accepting D. to have accepted 容易误选B，误认为 accepted 与谓语 refused 并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词 accept 与 give 并列。请看类例：‎ ‎(1) Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then _________ off the gas.‎ A. turn B. turning C. turned D. having turned 答案为A，turn off the gas 与 watch the milk until it boiled 并列。‎ ‎(2)He just does what he pleases and never _________ about anyone else. ‎ A. think B. thinks C. thinking D. thought 答案选B，thinks 与前面的 does 为并列谓语，同用一般现在时。‎ ‎(3)I don’t know whether to stay in teaching or _________ another job. ‎ A. trying getting B. to try to get C. trying to get D. try get 答案选B，to stay in teaching 与to try to get another job 为两个并列的选择成分，故同用不定式。另外比较：try to do sth=设法做某事，try doing sth=做某事看看有何效果。‎ 一道强调句易错题 请看下面一题：‎ It was in the small house_____was built with stones by his father_____he spent his childhood.‎ A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where 答案选A，填对此句的关键是要弄清第二空必须填 that，因为这是一个强调句，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。又如：‎ ‎(1) It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.‎ A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which ‎【分析】此题答案选C,全句为强调句,被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。‎ ‎(2) It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he died.‎ A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that ‎【分析】此题答案选C,全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。‎ 一道高考英语设陷题的分析 请看：‎ Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _________ went wrong again.‎ A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 这是一道上海高考英语题，答案选C，许多同学因不能正确分析句子结构，不知如何下笔。现分析如下：句中to see 后的基本结构是：the washing machine went wrong again.(洗衣机又出毛病了),其中(that)she had had repaired 套用的句型是“have + 名词或代词 + 过去分词”，即 have the washing machine ‎ repaired；另外，从时间上看，“请人修洗衣机”应在“出故障”之前，故 have the washing machine repaired 用了过去完成时态，即用 had had the washing machine repaired；从修饰角度看，题目中she had had ‎ repaired 为修饰名词 the washing machine 的定语从句（意为“她曾请人修理过的洗衣机”），引导该定语从句的关系代词为 that，因其用作宾语被省略，也正因为如此，题目中的 she had had repaired 的第二个had 后既不能用 the washing machine 或 it，这也就是为什么不能选B的原因。如果有的同学还明白，我们可以从反面来分析一下：假若选B，则有 (that) she had had it repaired，而它作为修饰 the washing ‎ machine 的定语从句是有问题的，为什么有问题呢？那是因为 she had had it repaired 这个句子的结构（或成分）是完整的，它有主语、有谓语、有宾语，这样一来，引导这个定语从句的关系代词 that 就没有着落了,因为关系代词 that 要么作主语(不可省略)，要么作宾语(‎ 可以省略)，而 she had had it repaired 这个定语从句既不缺主语，也不缺宾语，所以错了。假若去掉其中的 it，即改选C，则对了，因为这样一来，that 可用作动词 repaired 的宾语。现在我们将此题改编一下，将其改为：‎ Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had _________ went wrong again.‎ A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 答案应选哪个呢？选B还是C？仍然要选C，但是意思变了，即“她自己修理过的洗衣机又出故障了”，因为此时修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句变成了 she had repaired。不能选B，道理同上。请比较下面一题：‎ A computer does only what thinking people _________.‎ A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 答案选A，选项中的 it 指的是 the computer，而不是指 the work 之类的。其中的 what 用作动词 do 的宾语。句意为“人们要计算机做什么，它就做什么”。‎ 易错虚拟语气妙题一例 请看下面一道题：‎ ‎“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had a high fever.”‎ A. do B. are C. will D. would ‎【分析】此题容易误选A或C。选A者,认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。以上两种分析都有一定道理，但是不完全对。用“so+助动词+主语”表示“……也一样”时，在多数情况下，其中的助动词会与前一句的动词性质一致。如：‎ He is ill, and so am I. 他病了，我也病了。‎ He can do it and so can I. 他会做，我也会。‎ He likes it and so do I. 他喜欢它，我也喜欢。‎ 但是，有时也不一定如此。如：‎ If you go, so shall I. 如果你去，我也去。‎ When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。‎ 至于为什么不能选C，那是因为其后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（许多同学会忽略此信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。‎ 看一下辽宁卷2010年完形填空真题的第52题:‎ ‎52. A. Largely B. Generally C. Gradually D. Probably 正确答案是C, ABD都是含义不肯定的副词，排除表述不明确的选项,答案就水落石出了. 如果你知道了这个秘诀，你更是可以解决很多类似的完型填空题! 试想一下,知道了全部36个完形秘诀之后,您的分数会怎么样呢?‎ 请再看下面的例子，它是辽宁卷2010年真题阅读理解题的第56题，在此我只写出它的题干和四个选项.也试试看，只是比较选项，你是否能够在5秒之内选出正确答案?‎ ‎56. From Paragragh 1 we learn that the villagers .‎ ‎ A.worked very hard for centuries ‎ B.dreamed of having a better life ‎ ‎ C.were poor but somewhat content ‎ D.lived a different life from their forefathers 正确答案是C, 选项中表述的内容前后相互矛盾的是答案! 思路很简单，如果你掌握了其中的秘诀，抛开文章，你也可以很快选出正确答案.‎