高考英语总复习之特殊句式 12页

专题12　特殊句式 考纲展示　命题探究 基础点 ‎1　强调句型 ‎(1)强调句型的陈述句形式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that，被强调部分是“事物”时用that。‎ It_is I who/that am right.(强调主语)‎ It_was him that/who we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)‎ It_was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语)‎ 特别提醒 ‎(1)在强调句型中，要用that作连接词，而不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。‎ ‎(2)强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语的一致性。‎ It_is our teacher who/that_helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。‎ ‎(3)当被强调部分是主语且为代词时，要用主格形式。‎ It_was_I_who_put_forward the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。‎ ‎(2)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。‎ Was_it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？‎ Is_it Professor Wang who teaches you English?教你们英语的是王教授吗？‎ ‎(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分。‎ Who_was_it_that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁？‎ When_was_it_that you called me yesterday?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？‎ 特别提醒 如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。‎ He asked me who_it_was_that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。‎ ‎(4)not...until...结构的强调句型。‎ 其强调句式为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。‎ He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock. →It_was_not_until ten o'clock that he went to bed.‎ 直到10点他才上床睡觉。‎ ‎2　强调谓语动词 强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。‎ Do come this evening.今天晚上一定要来啊。‎ He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。‎ Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆的确学习很努力。‎ 重难点 强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别 ‎(1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别 It_is true that they are going to the Great Wall next month.他们下个月准备去参观长城，这是真的。‎ It_is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.他们准备去参观的地方是长城。‎ 第一个句子是一个主从复合句，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，that没有任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分。第二个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语the Great Wall, it is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。‎ ‎(2)与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别 It_is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。‎ It_is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.威廉姆斯小姐喜欢读的是小说。‎ 第一个句子是一个主从复合句，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词question, that在从句中作主语；it在句中作主语。第二个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语novels，it is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。‎ ‎(3)与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别 ‎①与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when...”的区别 ‎“It is/was＋时间名词＋when...”句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。试比较：‎ It_was 6 o'clock when I got up today.今天我起床时已经6点了。‎ It_was at 6 o'clock that I got up today.今天我是6点起的床。‎ 第一句是主从复合句，it指时间，when引导时间状语从句。第二句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 6 o'clock, it和that无实际意义。‎ ‎②与“It is/was＋时间段＋since...”的区别 ‎“It is/was＋时间段＋since...”句型中，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……时间了”；若since和短暂性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……做某事已有……时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。试比较：‎ It_is two years since I taught English.我不教英语两年了。‎ It_is two years since I began to teach English.我教英语已经两年了。‎ It_is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。‎ 前两个句子是“It is＋时间段＋since...”句型，since引导时间状语从句。第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语two hours。‎ ‎③与“It was＋时间段＋before...”的区别 ‎“It was＋时间段＋before...”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。试比较：‎ It_was two years before he came back from abroad.过了两年他才回国。‎ It_was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是两年后回国的。‎ 第一句中的it指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调句，强调的是时间状语two years later。‎ ‎　[考法综述]　强调句型，尤其是连接词的考查在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中会涉及，近五年考查了12次。‎ 命题法　考查强调句型 典例1　　Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century________his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ ‎[答案]　that　句意：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。but之后是一个not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，故用that。‎ 典例2　　It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.‎ ‎[答案]　that　句意：到信尾的时候她才提到了她自己的计划。这是not...until强调句型，强调until引导的时间状语从句，一般结构为It was not until...that...。‎ ‎【解题法】　强调句型的必备知识和一般解题思路 ‎(1)首先要了解强调句型的基本结构，“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”以及一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和与not until连用中的连接词的考查。‎ ‎(2)在语法填空中，考查连接词是不给提示词的，去掉it was及设空处后句子结构及意义仍完整，即可确定题干为强调句，设空处为强调句的连接词that/who。‎ ‎(3)在短文改错中，主要考查强调句与相似的主从复合句的连接词的混用。‎ A．单句填空 ‎1．It was when we were returning home_____ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ 答案　that　[句意：当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。when we were returning home 是一个when引导的时间状语从句，对应的主句是后面整个句子，去掉“It was”和空处，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型，故填that。]‎ ‎2．It was in this lake________ they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty.‎ 答案　that　[根据句意可知，此句强调的是地点状语，考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其它。故填that。]‎ ‎3．It was the culture, rather than the language，________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.‎ 答案　that　[句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。根据分析可知本句为强调句。去掉It was和空格，题干可以还原为：The culture, rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.，故填that。]‎ ‎4．It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do________makes life happy.‎ 答案　that　[句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。本题考查强调句，故填that。not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do为被强调部分。]‎ ‎5．Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr Smith got angry?‎ 答案　that　[句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗？It is/was... that...是强调句型，故填that。本题强调的是原因状语从句。还原为普通句式为：Mr Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.。]‎ B．单句改错 ‎1．It was only after he had read the papers when Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.________________________________________________________‎ 答案　when→that　[去掉It was和when后剩下的句子结构和意义仍然完整，为强调句型，故用that。]‎ ‎2．It was not until near the end of the letter where she mentioned her own plan._______‎ 答案　where→that　[去掉It was和where后剩下的句子结构和意义仍然完整，为强调句型，故用that。]‎ ‎3．It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued.________‎ ‎_答案　who→that　[去掉It was和who后，剩下的句子结构和意义仍然完整，强调介词短语，故用that。]‎ ‎4．It was not until I came here before I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.________________________________________________________‎ 答案　before→that　[去掉It was和before仍然是一个句子结构和意义完整的句子，为强调句，故用that。]‎ ‎5．—Was it by cutting down staff where she saved the firm?—No, it was by improving work efficiency.‎ ‎_____答案　where→that　[去掉Was it 和where仍是一个句子结构和意义完整的句子，为强调句，故用that。]‎ 基础点 ‎1　部分倒装 部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式：‎ ‎(1)当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little, few, never, seldom, rarely, by no means, not only, not until, at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, in no way, no sooner, hardly, scarcely等。‎ We laugh at jokes, but seldom_do_we think about how they work.‎ 我们听到笑话时会笑，但是却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们开怀大笑的。‎ ‎(2)当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。‎ Only_when he returned did_we_find out the truth.只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。‎ 特别提醒 only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。‎ Only_he_can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。‎ ‎(3)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。‎ ‎①“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。‎ ‎—I've got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的作业要做。‎ ‎—So_have_I.我也如此。‎ ‎②“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。‎ This is not my story, nor_is_it the whole story. My story plays out differently.‎ 这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。‎ ‎(4)在so/such...that...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时。‎ So_beautiful_was_the_girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.‎ 那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。‎ ‎(5)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should提到主语前面时。‎ Should he (＝If he should) come, tell him to ring me up.如果他来了，告诉他给我打电话。‎ ‎　2　完全倒装 完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。‎ ‎(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ Out rushed_the_children.孩子们冲了出去。‎ 特别提醒 主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。‎ Out they_rushed.他们冲了出去。‎ ‎(2)在there be句型中，用完全倒装。此时，结构中的be可用lie/exist/stand/live/seem/fly/remain等动词替代。‎ The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There_stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.[湖北高考]‎ 大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。‎ ‎(3)当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。‎ South_of_the_river_lies a small factory.河的南面有一个小工厂。‎ ‎(4)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。‎ Present_at_the_party_were_Mr_Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。‎ ‎(5)such位于句首时，句子需用完全倒装。‎ Such_was_Albert_Einstein,_a simple man and one of the 20th century's greatest scientists.‎ 这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。‎ 特别提醒 此结构中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应和后面的“真正的主语”保持一致。‎ 重难点 几种特殊的倒装 ‎(1)as/though作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，要用倒装。‎ 形容词/副词/名词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语(单数可数名词前不用冠词)‎ Hero_as_he_is,_he still has shortcomings.尽管他是英雄，但他仍有缺点。‎ Much_as_I_like_it,_I'll not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买它。‎ ‎(2)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。‎ May_you_succeed!祝你成功！‎ Long_live_the_people!人民万岁！‎ ‎(3)在the more..., the more...结构中(从句在前，主句在后)，主句常用倒装，但也可以不用倒装形式。‎ The harder you work, the better result_you can get.‎ 你学习越努力，取得的成绩就越好。‎ ‎　[考法综述]　倒装的考查，尤其是部分倒装在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，而全部倒装只是偶有涉及，近五年考查了21次。‎ 命题法　考查部分倒装的助动词及系动词 典例1　　It might have saved me some trouble________I known the schedule.‎ ‎[答案]　had　根据主句中的“might have saved”可知，从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时，表示对过去事实的虚拟。完整的从句是if I had known the schedule，其中的if可以省略，同时将had提前，构成倒装，故填had。‎ 典例2　　Only after talking to two students do I discover that having strong motivation is one of ‎ the biggest factors in reaching goals.__________ [答案]　do→did　由句意可知动作发生在过去，故用did。‎ ‎【解题法】　掌握倒装的必备知识和一般解题思路 ‎(1)首先要了解高考对倒装句的考查较少，但可能会考查部分倒装中助动词以及系动词的使用。‎ ‎(2)在语法填空中，对部分倒装助动词及系动词的考查是不给提示词的。首先熟练掌握用部分倒装的基本情况，再根据动作发生的时间及主语选择相应的助动词或系动词。‎ ‎(3)在短文改错中，要注意部分倒装中助动词及系动词的错用或漏用。‎ A．单句填空 ‎1．Only when Lily walked into the office________she realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ 答案　did　[句意：直到Lily走进办公室，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“Only＋状语从句/介词短语/副词”作状语放在句首时，主句多用部分倒装；由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填did。]‎ ‎2．Here________my tips for you.‎ 答案　are　[本句使用了倒装结构，句子主语是my tips, 故用are。]‎ ‎3．Not only________the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.‎ 答案　do　[句意：护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。“Not only... but also...”连接两个并列的分句时，若not only位于句首，则其后的从句要用部分倒装结构。]‎ ‎4．At no time________they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.‎ 答案　did　[句意：实际上他们从未违反比赛规则，所以惩罚他们不公平。题干中表示否定意义的at no time置于句首，后面的句子应该部分倒装，又根据题干可知时态应为一般过去时，故用助动词did。]‎ ‎5．Not until he went through real hardship________he realize the love we have for our families is important.‎ 答案　did　[句意：直到经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是多么重要。“Not until...”置于句首，主句需要部分倒装，故用助动词did来帮助构成部分倒装结构。]‎ B．单句改错 ‎1．No sooner did Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause._______‎ 答案　did→had　[句意：莫言一上台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner... than...结构中，no sooner位于句首时，主句应部分倒装，即将助动词或be动词放于主语前；主句的时态常用过去完成时，故用had。]‎ ‎2．Only when you can find peace in your heart do you keep good relationships with others._____‎ 答案　do→will　[句意：只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持好的关系。“only＋状语从句”置于句首，后面的主句需部分倒装。时间状语从句中谓语动词为一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时，故用will。]‎ ‎3．Only when he apologizes for his rudeness do I speak to him again._______‎ 答案　do→will　[“only＋时间状语从句”放在句首，采用部分倒装。when引导的从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用将来时，故用will。]‎ ‎4．“Never for a second” the boy says, “do I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”______‎ 答案　do→did　[never否定副词位于句首采用部分倒装，根据宾语从句中的谓语动词可知用一般过去时，故用did。]‎ ‎5．Only with the greatest of luck does she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.______‎ 答案　does→did　[only修饰介词短语位于句首采用部分倒装，根据语境可知发生在过去，故用did。]‎ 基础点 ‎1　省略 ‎(1)状语从句中的省略 由when, while, as, until, once, where, if, unless, as if, although/though, whether等引导的时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果从句的谓语含有be动词，且从句的主语是it或主从句的主语相同时，此时可省略从句的主语和be动词。‎ The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_carried_out regularly, can improve our health.‎ 实验表明，如果进行得有规律，适量的运动能强身健体。‎ ‎(2)不定式的省略 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等词后；或用在表情绪的形容词后，如glad, happy, pleased等。‎ John didn't pass his driving test, but I expected him to.约翰没有通过他的驾驶考试，但我希望他通过。‎ ‎(3)用so或not等替代上文内容的省略 当由I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语时，后面的so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。‎ Maybe I will be proven wrong, but I hope so/not.‎ 也许我会被证明是错的，但我希望如此/但我希望不是那样。‎ ‎(4)常用的省略结构 if_ever如果有过的话 if_busy如果忙的话 if_anything如果有一些的话 if_possible如果可能的话 if_so如果那样的话 if_not如果不的话 She seldom, if_ever,_goes to the theater. 她难得上剧院看场戏。‎ ‎2　祈使句 祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第一、三人称祈使句两大类，表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。其特点为：一般不出现主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前加don't。祈使句的强调形式是在句首加do。‎ Anytime you find the world waving a chair in you face, remember_this:_All you need to do is focus on one thing.[全国卷Ⅰ]‎ 任何时候你发现你的面前有椅子在挥动的时候，请记住这一点：你需要的是集中注意力于一件事情。‎ ‎3　感叹句 ‎(1)what引导的感叹句 ‎①What＋a/an＋(adj.)单数可数名词(＋主语＋动词)! What_a_good_heart you have!你的心肠真好！‎ ‎②What＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数！‎ What_interesting_stories he's told us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！‎ ‎(2)how引导的感叹句 ‎①How＋adj./adv.(＋主语＋谓语)! How clever the boy is!这男孩真聪明！‎ ‎②How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)! How_clever a boy he is!这男孩真聪明！‎ ‎4　反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句＋反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反问句为否定式；反之亦然。‎ It's by a Chinese artist, isn't_it? 它是由一位中国画家画的，不是吗？‎ He hasn't passed the English exam, has_he? 他没有通过这次英语考试，是吗？‎ ‎(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 ‎①当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't; 当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must。‎ You must go now, needn't_you?你现在必须走，是不是？‎ You mustn't smoke here, must_you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？‎ ‎②当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定。‎ You must have watched that football match last night, didn't_you?‎ 你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吗？‎ ‎(2)陈述部分含有used to时，疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。‎ You used to play football, usedn't/didn't_you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗？‎ ‎(3)陈述部分含有ought to时，其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。‎ He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't_he?他应该参加会议，是不是？‎ ‎(4)陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句 ‎①当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。‎ He could hardly get up, could_he?他几乎起不来了，是不是？‎ ‎②陈述部分含有由否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。‎ Mary dislikes sports, doesn't_she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？‎ ‎(5)当陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。‎ He said that she would come here on time, didn't_he?他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？‎ 特别提醒 当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定。需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。‎ I don't think he will come here on time, will_he?我认为他不会准时来这里，是吗？ ‎ ‎5　There be句型 There be句型表示“有……”，there本身没有词义，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的形式，而且可以和情态动词连用。‎ ‎(1)There be句型中的be ‎①There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。‎ There is_a_flower in the bottle.瓶中有一朵花。‎ There are_five_books on the desk.桌上有五本书。‎ ‎②若There be句型中主语为并列结构，be的数和人称遵循就近原则。‎ There is_a_boy,_a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一个男孩，一个女孩和两个妇女。‎ There are_ten_students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。‎ ‎③There be句型的变体 There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。‎ Once upon a time there_lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.‎ 从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。‎ ‎(2)There be句型的非谓语形式 There be句型也可以以不定式(there to be)、动名词(there being)和现在分词(there being)的形式出现在句子中，在句中作主语、宾语或状语。‎ There_being a bus stop near the school is a great convenience.‎ 学校附近有一个公交站点非常便利。(主语)‎ I want there_to_be a vase with fresh flowers on the table.‎ 我希望桌子上有一个装有鲜花的花瓶。(宾语)‎ There_being nothing else to do, we went home.‎ 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。(状语)‎ ‎(3)含There be结构的固定句型 There be＋名词或代词＋to do.有某事要做。‎ There is some/no trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事有/没困难。‎ There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义。‎ There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没必要做某事。‎ There is no doubt/that...毫无疑问……‎ 重难点 简短问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称和数上保持一致的几种情况 ‎　[考法综述]　其他特殊句式在语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年考查了25次。‎ 命题法　考查其他特殊句式 典例1　　If ________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.‎ ‎[答案]　accepted　句意：如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。条件状语从句的主语为you,‎ ‎ accept和you为动宾关系，需要用被动语态，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语部分有be动词时，状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略，补充完整为If you are accepted for the job，故答案为accepted。‎ 典例2　　 Calling me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　Calling→Call　考查特殊句式“祈使句＋and＋陈述句(一般将来时)”。故用Call。‎ ‎【解题法】　掌握其他特殊句式的必备知识和一般解题思路 ‎(1)首先要了解其他特殊句式的考查情况：省略的考查主要集中在状语从句的省略；祈使句的固定句型；感叹句；there be等句型的考查。‎ ‎(2)在语法填空中，状语从句的省略和祈使句动词的考查是给出提示词的，根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分；祈使句连词的考查，祈使句的连词和there be一般是不给提示词的。‎ ‎(3)在短文改错中，祈使句和状语从句的省略的错用；祈使句连词and和or的错用；there be句型be的错用。‎ A．单句填空 ‎1．Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.‎ 答案　left　[句意：电子游戏如果落入不对的人的手里就可能有坏的影响。这里考查了leave作及物动词的用法，可以理解为if (the video games are) left in the wrong hands，主从句的主语相同，省略从句中的主语和be动词。]‎ ‎2．Always ________ (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.‎ 答案　keep　[句意：永远记住：你的主要任务就是让这个公司顺利运作。句子没有主语且表示命令，故为祈使句，答案为keep。]‎ ‎3．Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ 答案　and　[句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。本题考查特殊句式中的“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。故填and。]‎ ‎4．_____(make) what you're doing today important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.‎ 答案　Make　[句意：让你今天做的事情有意义，因为你 正拿你生命中的一天来换取它。本题考查特殊句式。根据句意可知前半句为祈使句，用来给别人提建议，故填动词原形Make。]‎ ‎5．This is a really lively party. There is a great atmosphere，________ there?‎ 答案　isn't　[句意：这真是一个活跃的聚会，这有很好的气氛，是吗？根据分析，这是there be句型的反意疑问句，前半句肯定，附加句否定。]‎ B．单句改错 ‎1．Observing carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.________‎ 答案　Observing→Observe　[分析句子结构可知，主句为祈使句，故用Observe。]‎ ‎2．—I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, mustn't you?____‎ 答案　mustn't→didn't　[答语为反意疑问句，must have done表示对过去的肯定推测，且根据时间状语last summer可知用didn't。]‎ ‎3．Read this story, or you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.______‎ 答案　or→and　[句意：读这个故事，你会意识到并非所有的东西都能用钱买到。本题考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型。该句型中两个分句如果用and连接，祈使句相当于if引导的肯定形式的条件状语从句；如果两个分句用or连接，祈使句相当于：If... not...。本句题干可改为：If you read this story, you will realize ‎ that not everything can be bought with money.。]‎ ‎4．Every day reading a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized._______‎ 答案　reading→read　[分析句子结构可知，此句为祈使句，故用read。]‎ 易错题一：句型“It＋be＋时间＋since/before/that/when...”的误用 ‎[例1]　It is three years ________ he worked here and now he works in another city.‎ ‎[错解]　that/when/before ‎[错因分析]　本题易错填before, that或when，原因可能是考生将句子理解成了一个强调句或者含有when/before的句型等。‎ ‎[答案]　since ‎[心得体会]‎ ‎[例2]　British people are not so patient as before. It lasts an average of 8 minutes and 22 seconds ________ they lose their temper，according to a new research.‎ ‎[错解]　when ‎[错因分析]　本题易误用when，原因可能是考生没有理解此题的语境，也没对句子的时态进行分析。此处用before, before作连词，意为“在……之前”，表示动作发生的顺序。句意：英国人不像以前那么有耐心了。新的研究表明，平均每8分22秒他们就会发脾气。‎ ‎[答案]　before ‎[心得体会]‎ 易错题二：so/such...that...中so与such的误用 ‎[例]　It was ________ fine weather that they all went swimming.‎ ‎[错解]　so ‎[错因分析]　考生可能只注意到了形容词fine，而忽视了fine weather的中心词是名词weather，因而误用so。‎ ‎[答案]　such ‎[心得体会]‎ 易错题三：It is/was not until...that强调句型的误用 ‎[例]　It was not until all the fish died in the river ________ the villagers realized how serious the pollution was.‎ ‎[错解]　when ‎[错因分析]　本题易误用when，原因可能是考生没有掌握It is/was not until...that句型。‎ ‎[答案]　that ‎[心得体会]‎