高考英语一轮复习专题1冠词教学案 18页

第一部分　语法知识及运用 专题1　冠词 考纲展示　命题探究 基础点 ‎1　不定冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)不定冠词有a和an两种形式，常位于名词或名词的修饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)时，用a；而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)时，用an。‎ a university student 一个大学生 a European writer 一位欧洲作家 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an ugly man 一个丑陋的人 ‎(2)泛指某个或某类人或物，或者未提到的，对方不熟悉的人或物。‎ I was born in a small village in Hebei Province.‎ 我出生在河北的一个小村庄。‎ ‎(3)用在第一次提到的人或物的名词前，表泛指。‎ At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.‎ 那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。‎ ‎(4)表示“一”“每一”“同一”或“某一”概念。‎ I will return in a day or two.(＝one)‎ 我将在一两天后返回。‎ The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.(＝per)‎ 这种车每小时能行驶‎200公里。‎ They are of an age. (＝the same)‎ 他们年龄相同。‎ A Mr Smith is waiting for you. (＝a certain)‎ 一个叫史密斯的先生在等你。‎ ‎2　定冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)用于上文已经提到过的，或从语境中可判断出谈话双方都知道的人或物前。‎ He bought a house. I've been to the house. ‎ 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。‎ Take the medicine.‎ 把药吃了。‎ ‎(2)用于单数可数名词或形容词及分词前，表“一类人或物”。‎ Who invented the_telephone?‎ 谁发明了电话？‎ After the explosion, people rushed to help the_injured.‎ 爆炸发生后，人们赶到现场帮助受伤的人。‎ ‎(3)用于序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等前面。‎ Is this the_first_time you have visited Beijing?‎ 这是你第一次游览北京吗？‎ He runs the_fastest in his class.‎ 他是他班跑得最快的。‎ That's the_very_thing I've been looking for.‎ 那正是我要找的东西。‎ 特别提醒 ‎(1)副词的最高级前the可有可无。‎ He runs (the) fastest in his school.‎ 他是全校中跑得最快的。‎ ‎(2)序数词前面也可用不定冠词，但意义与用定冠词不同。‎ I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.‎ 我失败两次了，但我还要再试一次。(强调再一次)‎ March is the third month of a year.‎ 三月是一年的第三个月。(强调次序) ‎ ‎ (4)用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。‎ The_Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.‎ 史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。‎ ‎(5)用于宇宙中独一无二的事物、西洋乐器名词和方位名词前。‎ the moon月亮 play the piano 弹钢琴 the west 西部 ‎(6)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。‎ the Ming Dynasty 明朝 in the 1990s或1990's 在20世纪90年代 特别提醒 表示“某人……岁”时，则用“in＋one's＋整十的数词复数”。‎ in his fifties 在他50多岁时 ‎(7)用在表度量单位的名词前，表示“按……计算”。‎ by the hour 按小时 by the day 按天 特别提醒 如size, weight, time这类名词与by连用时不用冠词。‎ by size 按大小 by weight 按重量 ‎(8)用于固定结构“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”中。‎ hit sb. on the head 打某人的头 take sb. by the arm 抓某人的胳膊 ‎3　零冠词的基本用法 ‎(1)用于不可数名词、复数名词或专有名词前表示泛指，用零冠词。‎ Man needs air_and_water.‎ 人类需要空气和水。‎ They are teachers.‎ 他们是老师。‎ Beijing ‎ 北京 特别提醒 高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space (太空), advice, word (＝news), progress, information, luck, wealth (财产)等。以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用。‎ ‎(2)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。‎ in spring 在春天 on Sunday 在周日 have breakfast 吃早餐 play football 踢足球 play chess 下棋 I'm very interested in English.‎ 我对英语很感兴趣。‎ ‎(3)名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、限定词以及名词所有格等限定时不再用冠词。‎ She is not my type of woman.‎ 她不是我心目中的那类女人。‎ His heart was beating wildly with fear.‎ 他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。‎ ‎(4)表示独一无二的头衔和职位名词作表语、补足语或同位语时。‎ Mr Smith was elected president of our school.‎ 史密斯先生被选为我校校长。‎ 重难点 ‎1　不定冠词的特殊位置 ‎(1)如果名词前用了many, such等具有限定意义的词和表示感叹的what等词，a(an)必须放在这些词后面，语序为：many/such/what a(an)．..‎ I have never seen such_an interesting film.‎ 我从来没看过这么有趣的电影。‎ What_a clever boy he is!‎ 他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！‎ ‎(2)副词quite和rather同形容词连用修饰名词时，quite要置于不定冠词a/an之前，rather可置于不定冠词a/an之前，也可置于其后。‎ It's quite_a small house.‎ 这是一所相当小的房子。‎ That's rather_a/a_rather sudden change.‎ 那一变化相当突然。‎ ‎(3)当单数可数名词之前的形容词有so, too, as, how等副词修饰时，a(an)必须放在形容词之后，词序为：so/too/as/how/...＋形容词＋a(an)．..‎ She is so_good_a_girl that all the people like her.‎ 她是如此好的女孩，所有人都喜欢她。‎ ‎2　定冠词的特殊位置 在名词词组中，定冠词一般放在最前面，但名词词组中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等修饰语，定冠词要放在这些词后面。‎ exactly_the same color 完全相同的颜色 just_the right place 就是这个地方 half_the story 故事的一半 double_the amount 双倍的量 ‎3　零冠词的特殊用法 ‎(1)turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。但名词前若有形容词作定语时，则必须加冠词。‎ His brother has turned_writer.‎ 他弟弟已成为一名作家。‎ Later she turned_a_successful_singer.‎ 后来她成了一名成功的歌手。‎ ‎(2)在“表示类型的名词＋of...”这一结构中of后的可数名词单数前不用冠词。‎ This_kind_of_question often appears in the exam.‎ 此类问题在考试中经常出现。‎ ‎(3)“零冠词＋可数名词单数＋as/though＋主语＋谓语＋主句”意为“尽管/虽然……但是……”。‎ Hero_as_he_is,_he has some shortcomings.‎ 尽管他是个英雄，但是他也有一些缺点。‎ ‎(4)用在独立主格结构中的某一形式中。‎ The teacher came in, book_in_hand(＝with a book in his hand)．‎ 老师手里拿着一本书走了进来。‎ ‎(5)与by连用的表示交通工具和通讯工具的名词之前不用冠词。‎ It's quicker by_air than by_sea.‎ 乘飞机比乘船快。‎ ‎　[考法综述]　冠词的基本用法，尤其是冠词的泛指和特指在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年就考查了48次之多，由此可见其重要性。‎ 命题法1　考查冠词的泛指和特指 典例1　　I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.‎ ‎[答案]　the; a　句意：我不能告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们村里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。第一空特指去威尔逊家的路，故填the; 第二空为泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人”，故填a。‎ 典例2　　Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　average前的a改为an　average以元音音素/æ/开头，故用an。‎ ‎【解题法】　冠词表泛指和特指时的必备知识和一般解题思路 ‎(1)首先要了解冠词的泛指和特指：不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指；定冠词用在上文提到的人或物前，或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前，也可指双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表特指。‎ ‎(2)在语法填空中，考查冠词时是不给提示词的，因而可先从形式上去判断，然后观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词唯一的作用就是用来修饰名词的。‎ ‎(3)在短文改错中，当名词前有不定冠词时，要格外注意使用a还是an，以其后所跟单词的开头音素而不是其开头字母为依据。因此在平时学习中，务必要注意掌握单词的发音。‎ 命题法2　考查冠词与一些特定词的基本用法 典例3　　The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.‎ ‎[答案]　the　句意：由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(当今世界上)最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。根据句意和空后的最高级标志词most可知此处表示“最……的”，故填the。‎ 典例4　　Tomorrow is first day of school.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　first前加the　序数词通常和定冠词the搭配。‎ ‎【解题法】　冠词与特定词搭配时的必备知识和一般解题思路 ‎(1)通常情况下，形容词比较级前不用冠词；形容词最高级、序数词及表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前用定冠词the。‎ ‎(2)在语法填空中，考查冠词时是不给提示词的，因而可以从形式上判断，然后观察空格后部分是否是形容词最高级、序数词或表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词。‎ ‎(3)在短文改错中，常考查冠词的错用和漏用，形容词比较级前常不用冠词；形容词最高级，序数词及表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前常用定冠词the。‎ A．单句填空 ‎1．I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.‎ 答案　the; a　[句意：我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢了。第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank，由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指“一个持枪歹徒”，因此用不定冠词。]‎ ‎2．He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 答案　a　[句意：他拥有一家看起来几乎荒芜的农场。farm在句中是第一次出现，而且表示泛指，所以用不定冠词。]‎ ‎3．________village where I was born has grown into________ town.‎ 答案　The; a　[句意：我出生的那个村庄已经变成一个城镇了。由village后的定语从句where I was born可知这里特指“我”出生的村庄，用定冠词the；第二空后town为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，泛指一个城镇，故用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎4．The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________week, often long into ________night.‎ 答案　a; the　[句意：论文下个月要上交了。我现在每周工作七天，经常工作到深夜。第一空表示“每一”，故用不定冠词a；第二空是固定搭配long into the night，意为“直到深夜”，故用定冠词the。]‎ ‎5．They chose Tom to be ________captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.‎ 答案　the; a　[句意：他们选择汤姆为这个队的队长，因为他们知道他是一个聪明的领导。第一空后的名词captain是特指，特指这个队的队长，故用定冠词the；第二空后的名词leader表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎6．We can become ________ smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks; in other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages.‎ 答案　a　[句意：如果我们买东西是为了价值而不是为了包装，那么我们就能成为一个明智的消费者；也就是说，应选择普通包装的质量好的产品。shopper为单数可数名词，此处泛指“一个明智的消费者”，故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎7．________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.‎ 答案　The　[句意：市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。名词news后有介词短语修饰，起限定作用，表特指，故填The。]‎ ‎8．In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”， has been running with a great success.‎ 答案　a　[句意：在德国，一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project为单数可数名词，此处意为“一个成功的项目”，表泛指，故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎9．—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike?‎ ‎—Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.‎ 答案　a　[句意：——妈妈，我为什么不能要一辆新自行车？——亲爱的，你要知道，赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike为单数可数名词，是首次提到，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎10．________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.‎ 答案　The　[句意：你不付出任何努力而想在期末考试中得第一名的愿望是不现实的。wish后有that引导的同位语从句修饰，表特指，故填定冠词The。]‎ B．单句改错 ‎1．Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　在Beethoven前加a　[此处表示泛指“一个像贝多芬的人”。]‎ ‎2．She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on a top floor.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　把第二个a→the　[floor前有top修饰，此处表示特指，故用the。]‎ ‎3．Life is like a ocean; only the strong－willed can reach the other shore.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　a→an　[ocean是以元音音素开头的单词，且此处表泛指，故用an。]‎ ‎4．A best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　A→The　[best为最高级，故用the。]‎ ‎5．An exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　An→The　[year后有定语修饰，表示特指，故用the。]‎ ‎6．I think good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　good前加a　[ habit意为“习惯”，是可数名词，此处为泛指，故用不定冠词a修饰。]‎ ‎7．Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student ‎ in a ordinary school.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　第二个a→an　[ordinary是以元音音素开头的形容词，故其前应用不定冠词an。]‎ ‎8．Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　a→the　[根据in years可知，此处表示“最严重的暴风雨”，形容词最高级前应加定冠词the。]‎ ‎9．Rock climbing is great fun. You will get close to the nature and take adventures at the same time.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　第一个the去掉　[nature意为“自然，自然界”时，其前不能加冠词。]‎ ‎10．Once you click the button, a e－mail will be sent to you via your e－mail address.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　a→an　[e－mail是以元音音素开头的名词，故其前应用不定冠词an。]‎ 基础点　‎ ‎1　不定冠词的习惯用语或固定搭配 as a result 因此　　　　　　 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a rule 通常，照例 after a while 一会儿后 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a sense 在某种意义上 in a word 总之 once in a while 偶尔 at a loss 困惑，不知所措 at a distance 离一段距离 for a while 暂时，一时 once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然 a waste of...……的浪费 What a pity! 真遗憾！‎ have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的历史 a collection of 一批……‎ a knowledge of (＝know) 知道 an understanding of (＝understand) 懂得 ‎2　定冠词的习惯用语或固定搭配 in the end 最后，终于 make the most/best of 充分利用 in the distance 在远处 in the way 挡路 on the whole 总之 on the right/left 在右/左面 at the same time 同时 at the moment 此刻 go to the doctor's 去看医生 by the way 顺便说，附带地说说 the other day(＝a few days ago) 几天前 on the radio/phone 通过无线电/电话 on the spot在场，到场；立即，马上；当场 to tell (you) the truth 说实话，老实说 go to the cinema 去看电影 on (the) one hand..., on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……‎ ‎3　零冠词的习惯用法或固定搭配 under repair处于维修中 lose heart 灰心 day and night 整天整夜 out of control 失控　　　 out of work 失业 in danger 处于危险之中 at risk 有危险 at present 目前 take part in 参加 in peace 平静 by chance/accident 碰巧 on purpose 故意 on second thoughts 再一想 ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前 by law 根据法律 by mistake 由于差错 重难点　　‎ 有无冠词意义不同的习惯用语或搭配 ‎　[考法综述]　冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配是高考语篇型语法填空及短文改错的常考点，近五年考查了13次，是考查重点之一。‎ 命题法　考查冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配 典例1　　Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half ________ hour.‎ ‎[答案]　an　句意：简非常匆忙，因为到达机场的列车将在半小时之后开车。half an hour为习惯用法，意为“半小时”。‎ 典例2　　Since then—for all these years—we have been allowing tomatoes to self－seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing everywhere.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　result前加a　as a result为固定短语，意为“因此”，故在result前加a。‎ ‎【解题法】　冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配的必备知识和一般解题思路 ‎(1)首先要熟练掌握不定冠词，定冠词及零冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配。‎ ‎(2)在语法填空中，考查冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配时，是不给提示词的，因而可以根据语境来确定习惯用语及固定搭配的冠词。‎ ‎(3)在短文改错中，考查冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配，主要体现在考生因固定思维模式或汉语语言的影响而对冠词的错用、漏用和多用。‎ A．单句填空 ‎1．Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in ________ countryside.‎ 答案　the　[句意：现在我生活在一座城市，但是我想念农村的家乡。in the countryside为固定短语，意为“在乡下，在农村”。故填定冠词the。]‎ ‎2．________more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.‎ 答案　The; the　[句意：一个人越博学，他通常会变得越谦逊。根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了“The＋形容词/副词比较级…，the＋形容词/副词比较级…”结构，意思是“越……，越……”。]‎ ‎3．Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.‎ 答案　a; the　[句意：多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁下来了。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组，意为“挡路，妨碍”。故填a; the。]‎ ‎4．Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence. On ________ other hand, it could just put you in debt.‎ 答案　the　[句意：自己创业可能是使你获得经济独立的一种方式。另一方面，它也可能让你欠债。on the other hand为固定短语，意为“另一方面”，故填定冠词the。]‎ ‎5．We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at ________ beginning of the year.‎ 答案　the　[句意：我们将在一个月内实现我们年初制订的销售目标。at the beginning of为固定短语，意为“在……之初”，故填定冠词the。]‎ ‎6．I thought I'd better have ________ word with you about the task to be done.‎ 答案　a　[句意：我想我最好跟你谈一下关于这项要做的任务。have a word with sb. “和某人谈一谈”为固定搭配。]‎ ‎7．With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better command of computer skills.‎ 答案　a　[句意：随着社会的发展，我们国家非常需要那些可以进行电脑操作的人才。with a command of...为惯用搭配，意为“掌握……”，故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎8．We slept in a tent and took ________ long walk every day.‎ 答案　a　[句意：我们睡在帐篷里，每天步行很长的路。take a walk为固定搭配，意为“散步；走路”。]‎ ‎9．The tour will provide ________ unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in ________ hope that you will better understand the life there.‎ 答案　a；the　[句意：这次旅游会提供给你一个和英国家庭生活一周的独特机会，希望你对那里的生活有一个更好的了解。“机会”强调的是一次，所以填不定冠词a；in the hope that为固定用法，意为“怀着……的希望”。]‎ ‎10．If you don't have ________ good knowledge of English, it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.‎ 答案　a　[句意：如果你对英语的掌握不够好，你就不可能灵活、流利地使用它。have a good knowledge of是固定短语，意为“精通；掌握”。]‎ B．单句改错 ‎1．I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　hurry前加a　[in a hurry是固定短语，意为“匆忙”。]‎ ‎2．The next morning Jason went to the office for his papers as an usual.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　把an去掉　[as usual为固定短语，意为“像通常一样”。]‎ ‎3．Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　most前加the　[根据one of知后面是形容词的最高级，因此most前加定冠词the。]‎ ‎4．In the fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　把the去掉　[In fact为固定短语，意为“事实上，实际上”。]‎ ‎5.At an end of the day, she returned to take me back to my accommodation.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　an→the　[at the end of为固定短语，意为“在……结尾，在……末端”。]‎ ‎6．I tried to appear at the ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing ‎ me on the cheek.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　去掉第一个the　[at ease“自由自在，无拘无束”，固定搭配。]‎ ‎7．The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive because of speeding.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　在loss前加a　[at a loss是固定短语，意为“不知所措”。]‎ ‎8．—Many people don't think much of the movie.‎ ‎—I think differently. In the way, it is a good film. And the photographed scenes are very beautiful.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　第二个the→a　[句意：——很多人认为这部电影不好。——我不那么认为。在某种程度上，这是一部很不错的电影。拍摄的场景非常美。in a way为固定短语，“在某种程度上”。]‎ ‎9．I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into the envelope.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　the→an　[根据句意表示把信装进“一个”信封，故用不定冠词，且envelope的始发音为元音，故改为an。]‎ ‎10．—As a child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at time.‎ ‎—That's my father's story, too.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　time前加a　[at a time为固定短语，意为“一次”。]‎ 基础点 不定冠词的活用 ‎(1)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，可以具体化的抽象名词有shame, surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。‎ It's a_pleasure for me to work with you.‎ 和你一起工作我非常高兴。‎ She was a famous beauty in her youth.‎ 她年轻时是个有名的美人。‎ ‎(2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the，但如果名词前有修饰语，可用不定冠词。‎ the world, a peaceful world; the moon, a bright moon。‎ 世界，一个和平的世界；月亮，一轮明亮的月亮。‎ ‎(3)表示一日三餐的名词和专有名词前如果有形容词修饰，也可用不定冠词。‎ I had a wonderful supper yesterday.‎ 昨晚我吃了一顿美味佳肴。‎ ‎(4)“a most＋形容词”表示“很……”，most在此不表示最高级含义，为“很，非常”的意思，相当于very，而“the＋ most＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。‎ This is a most interesting film.‎ 这是一部非常有趣的电影。‎ This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.‎ 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。‎ ‎(5)不定冠词用在表示地名的专有名词前，表示“一个……的地方”。‎ She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.‎ 现在的中国是一个与二十年前不同的国家了。‎ ‎(6)knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加of...时其前常用不定冠词a/an。‎ Her new book is a collection of short stories.‎ 她的新书是一部短篇小说集。‎ He has a good knowledge of French.‎ 他精通法语。‎ 重难点 序数词前冠词的活用 ‎“the＋序数词”表顺序，而“a/an＋序数词”表“又一，再一”；序数词修饰动词时，已成为副词，因此不必与冠词连用。如：‎ Can you give me a_second chance, please? (＝another chance)‎ 请再给我一次机会好吗？‎ He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.(adv.)‎ 当我第一次见到他时，他只有5岁。‎ ‎　[考法综述]　不定冠词的活用，尤其是序数词前加不定冠词，冠词的活用在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年考查了10次，仍是高考考查的难点。‎ 命题法　考查冠词的活用 典例1　　Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.‎ ‎[答案]　a; a　句意：在那艰苦的岁月里能够买得起一杯饮料将会是一种安慰。drink在此表示泛指“一杯饮料”；comfort作“安慰”讲为不可数名词，但在此是抽象名词具体化指“一件令人安慰的事”，故都用a。‎ 典例2　　He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get the second chance in the long jump.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎[答案]　将第三个the→a　此处应该表示“又一次机会”，故用a。‎ ‎【解题法】　分析名词特点，注意冠词活用 在英语中，我们要注意冠词的一些灵活用法。常用的一些抽象名词如success, failure, pity, surprise, pleasure等，当表示“具体的人或者事”时，这些抽象名词具体化了，可转化为可数名词。‎ A．单句填空 ‎1．—You are really crazy about music!‎ ‎—Sort of. I always find in music ________ peace which is missing in ________ world full of challenges.‎ 答案　the; a　[句意：——你对音乐真痴狂！——有点吧。我总能在音乐中找到宁静，而这种宁静在一个充满了挑战的世界中是不存在的。peace后有定语从句修饰，表特指，加不定冠词；第二空是泛指，意为“一个……的世界”，故用a。]‎ ‎2．—Guess what? Tom has failed in the exam ________ second time.‎ ‎—How come? He is second to none in English in our class.‎ 答案　a　[句意：——你猜怎么着？汤姆考试又没通过。‎ ‎——怎么会呢？他的英语在我们班名列前茅。此处表示“又一次，再一次”，故用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎3．When you finish reading the novel, you will have ________ better understanding of society.‎ 答案　a　[句意：当你读完这本小说后，你就会更好地了解社会。根据句意可知，此处表示读前与读后的比较，比较级前用不定冠词表示“更……的”。故填不定冠词a。]‎ ‎4．It was by reading it ________ third time that Sammy got a thorough understanding of passage E.‎ 答案　a　[句意：萨米又读了一遍才对E篇文章有了彻底的了解。根据句意可知，此处不表顺序，仅表“又一，再一”。故填不定冠词a。]‎ B．单句改错 ‎1．Although the experiment turned out to be failure, we decided to try a second time.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　failure前加a　[failure当“失败”讲为不可数名词，在此处表示“一件失败的事”，为可数名词，故用a。]‎ ‎2．—What do you think of the grammar book?‎ ‎—Oh, it really is a useful reference book, which is worth reading the second time.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　第二个the→a　[second此处不表示次序，而表示“又一，再一”，故用a。]‎ ‎3．When you finish reading the novel, you will have better understanding of ‎ society.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　在better前加a　[understanding为抽象名词，后面有of时前用不定冠词a/an。]‎ ‎4．“The match between two teams is great，” said Jim, “and I hope to see the second.”‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案　第二个the→a　[此处表示“又一，再一”，故用a。]‎ 易错题一：忽视抽象名词或物质名词具体化 ‎[例1]　Anyone who achieves success in this field can be ________success.‎ ‎[错解]　不填 ‎[错因分析]　有些考生误认为success只能为抽象名词，无单复数形式，因而做错本题。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎[心得体会]‎ ‎[例2]　My parents approached the site, which was still wet from ________ heavy rain.‎ ‎[错解]　the ‎[错因分析]　在这道试题中，很多考生会误填the，认为rain为物质名词，前面不用冠词，即便使用冠词也应用the。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎[心得体会]‎ 易错题二：表示独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的误用 ‎[例]　We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.‎ ‎[错解]　the; the ‎[错因分析]　虽然sky和world是表示独一无二的事物的名词，但是一些考生忽略了它们的一些特殊用法，而误填the。‎ ‎[答案]　a; a ‎[心得体会]‎ 易错题三：专有名词前冠词的误用 ‎[例]　________Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another center of international economy.‎ ‎[错解]　不填 ‎[错因分析]　很多考生看到这道题后认为Shanghai是一个表示地点的专有名词，按照一般语法规则，专有名词前不用冠词，因此他们会感到无所适从或者误填其他冠词。‎ ‎[答案]　The ‎[心得体会]‎ 易错题四：特殊情况下定冠词、不定冠词的误用 ‎[例1]　An apple fell from the tree and hit him on ________ head.‎ ‎[错解]　his ‎[错因分析]　在解此题时，考生较容易受汉语思维的干扰而误填his。‎ ‎[答案]　the ‎[心得体会]‎ ‎[例2]　As everybody knows, a plane is ________ machine that can fly.‎ ‎[错解]　the ‎[错因分析]　有些考生会想当然地认为machine为可数名词，且后面有定语从句修饰，所以误填定冠词the。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎[心得体会]‎