2012高考英语复习高考英语词汇400题及详解六 12页

‎　　251. It is not profitable to provide bus services in districts where the population is widely _____. 　　A. scattered B. dismissed C. separated D. spread 　　[答案]A. scattered. 　　[注释]scattered是scatter的过去分词，也可作形容词用，（=lying in different directions; not situated together, wide apart）分散的，散布在各处的。Separate分开的，spread传播；摊开，dismiss解雇。 　　252. There are usually at least two _____ of looking at every question. 　　A. ways B. directions C. views D. opinions 　　[答案]A. ways. 　　[注释]two ways of looking at every questions意指“观察每个问题的两个方面”。 　　253. He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him. 　　A. almost B. even C. nearly D. scarcely 　　[答案]D. scarcely. 　　[注释]scarcely(=hardly, not quite, almost not)几乎没有。Scarcely是否定副词，类似的有：hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, little等。研究生入学考试中经常测试这类否定副词的用法。 　　254. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the _____ from their exhaust-pipes contains an even larger volume of poisonous gas. 　　A. exposure B. distribution C. expansion D. emission 　　[答案]D. emission. 　　[注释]emission散发物，发射。exposure(to)暴露于：They believe that their health problems are the result of years of exposure to fine cotton dust.(他们认为，他们的健康问题是多年来暴露于棉花粉尘所致。)expansion膨胀，扩大；Heat causes the expansion of gas.本题译文：正如汽车的生产和使用越来越多一样，汽车的排气管的散发物内所含的有毒气体量也在增加。 　　255. The book seems to have been _____ from various books and articles. 　　 A. pieced together B. taken ‎ off 　　 C. broken away D. pulled out 　　[答案]A. pieced together. 　　[注释]piece together拼合，拼凑；take off起飞；break away from脱离；pull out拔出；驶出；（车）减速。 　　256. We had a marvelous holiday: only the last two days were slightly _____ by the weather. 　　 A. damaged B. hurt C. ruined D. spoiled 　　[答案]D. spoiled. 　　[注释]spoiled使......扫兴: A shower of rain spoiled our day's outing. 　　257. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face. 　　A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression 　　[答案]D. expression. 　　[注释]expression此处意指“表情”。Appearance表示人的“仪表，外表”。 　　258. I'd like to take _____ of this opportunity to thank you all for your cooperation. 　　A. profit B. benefit C. advantage D. interests 　　[答案]C. advantage. 　　[注释]take advantage of(=make use of sth. for one's own benefit)利用：take advantage of my ignorance(利用我的无知)。 　　259. If you ever have the _____ to go abroad to work, you should take it. 　　A. possibility B. offer C. luck D. chance 　　[答案]D. chance. 　　[注释]chance(偶然的)机会。Have与the(或 a) possibility不能搭配；常用There is a possibility for sb. to do sth.表示客观存在的“可能性”。 　　260. Scientists think they have _____ in their attempt to find the causes of some major ‎ dieases. 　　 A. broken through B. worked out 　　 C. fallen out D. got round 　　[答案]A. broken through. 　　[注释]break through(=be successful after overcoming a difficulty)突破；取得重大成果：Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.(科学家希望在与心脏病斗争中很快取得重大成果。) 　　本题译文：科学家认为他们在探索某些重要疾病的病因中已取得重大突破。 　　261. His test results are not very _____. He does well one week and badly the next. 　　A. invariable B. consequent C. continuous D. consistent 　　[答案]D. consistent. 　　[注释]consistent 1)始终如一，前后一致：He is not consistent in his statements.(他的话并不前后一致。) 2)与......一致：The story is not consistent with the facts. What you say is not consistent with what you do. 　　262. The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the work-force. 　　 A. conference B. participation 　　 C. intervention D. consultation 　　[答案]D. consultation. 　　[注释]consultation商议：hold a consultation with sb. about sth.（与某人商谈某事）。 　　conference讨论会；participation参加，参与；intervention干预，干涉。 　　263. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _____ of her heart. 　　A. hitting B. beating C. tapping D. knocking 　　[答案]B. beating. 　　[注释]beating 此处是动名词，指“（心）跳”：Her heart was beating furiously. 　　264. During World War II Malta managed to _____ most of Italian and German bombers by throwing up an effective anti-aircraft ‎ screen. 　　A. put out B. shut out C. come across D. get across 　　[答案]B. shut out. 　　[注释]shut out(=prevent from coming in; block)排除，排斥：They shut out our dust by having double windows.(他们用双层窗户防尘。) 　　put out扑灭；get across越过；使人了解；come across偶然遇到。 　　本题译文：第二次世界大战中，马耳他建立了有效的防空屏障以防止意大利和德国的轰炸机侵入。 　　265. I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. _____, she's a big girl now. 　　A. Above all B. After all C. First of all D. For all 　　[答案]B. After all. 　　[注释]after all毕竟。 　　“for all + 名词”意为“尽管”: For all his wealth, he was unhappy.(尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。) 　　266. Jim's close _____ to his brother made people mistake them for one another. 　　A. confusion B. similarity C. resemblanceD. imitation 　　[答案]C. resemblance. 　　[注释]resemblance n. 像（to）。 resemble(vt.)像; She resembles her mother.(=She takes after her mother.) 　　imitation模仿；仿效；confusion混乱，混淆；similarity相似性。 　　267. It has been decided that this company has the _____ right to print Mr. Smith's novels. 　　A.eventual B.versatile C.extensive D.exclusive 　　[答案]D. exclusive. 　　[注释]exclusive(=reserved to the person(s) concerned)独有的；This bathroom is for the president's exclusive ‎ use. 　　eventual最终的；versatile通用的，万用的；extensive广泛的。 　　268. He has recently _____ chess to provide himself with some relaxation. 　　A. taken on B. taken up C. held on D. held up 　　[答案]B. taken up. 　　[注释]take up开始从事。take on参阅Ⅲ，162,171注释。hold on, hold up参阅Ⅲ，162,171注释。 　　269. What a terrible experience! _____ , you are safe, that's the main thing. 　　A. Somehow B. Anyhow C. Somewhat D. Anywhere 　　[答案]B. Anyhow. 　　[注释]anyhow(at= any rate; in any case)无论如何，不管怎样。 　　270. John always tries to _____ people who are useful to him professionally. 　　A. develop B. provoke C. correspond D. cultivate 　　[答案]D. cultivate. 　　[注释]cultivate sb.结识（有地位的人），培养与......的友谊：He always tries to cultivate rich and famous people.(他总是极力结识有钱的知名人士。) 　　本题译文：约翰总是力图结识在职业方面对他有用的人。 　　271. Although he hasn't any formal qualifications, Betas _____ to do well for himself. 　　A. managed B. succeeded C. arranged D. convinced 　　[答案]a. managed. 　　[注释]manage to do sth.(=succeed in doing sth.)设法做成某事：1)He managed to escape to South America.(他设法逃到了南美。) 2)We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow.(我们反正设法得到了需要的东西。) 3)Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport?(你能设法给我弄到一份护照吗？) 　　本题译文：虽然他没有正式的资力，但他收入很多。Do well for oneself吃香，收入多，改善自己的社会地位。 ‎ ‎ 　　272. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to _____ rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways to deal with its own problems. 　　A. set up B. put down C. keep up D. lay down 　　[答案]D. lay down. 　　[注释]lay down制定。参阅Ⅲ，97注释。 　　273. After a short holiday, he _____ himself once more to his studies. 　　A. applied B. converted C. engaged D. exerted 　　[答案]A. applied. 　　[注释]apply oneself to“致力于”。Apply one's mind to(专心于)。Apply to sb. for aid(向某人求援)。Apply a theory to practice(把理论应用于实践)。 　　274. She felt _____ of having asked such a silly question when the audience couldn't help laughing. 　　A. guilty B. crazy C. miserable D. ashamed 　　[答案]D. ashamed. 　　[注释] be ashamed of因......感到羞耻，惭愧：1)He is ashamed of what he was done.2)She felt ashamed of having done so little.(=She felt ashamed that she had done so little.) 3)John was ashamed to ask for help.(他不好意思向人求助。) 4)Jim was ashamed to have troubled me with so many questions.Be guilty of犯有......罪，过失：1)He was found guilty. 2)I am not guilty of this crime. 　　275. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in summer to suit his own _____. 　　A. leisure B. preference C. convenience D. selection 　　[答案]B. preference. 　　[注释]preference偏爱，更加喜欢：My preference is for beef rather than for lamb.(我更喜欢牛肉面不是羊肉。)‎ ‎276. There is not much time left; So I'll tell you about it _____.‎ ‎　　A. in detail B. in brief C. in short D. in ‎ all 　　[答案]B. in brief. 　　[注释]in brief(=in a few words)简短地（作状语）,例如：He told me in brief what had happened.（他简短地向我讲了已发生地事情。）此处in brief等于briefly。此处，in brief(=in a word, in short)简言之（作插入语）1)It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No".(这是一封长信，但简言之，他说“不”。) 2)John is smart, polite, and well-behaved. In brief, he is admirable.此句中in brief意为in a word 或in short. in short作插入语，其意思是in a word(总之)。In detail详细地。In all总计，总共：There are 20 in all. 　　277. She got married although her parents had not given her their _____. 　　A. allowance B. consent C. permit D. appreciation 　　[答案]B. consent. 　　[注释]consent n. 同意，赞成；consent (to) vi.同意，如：consent to a plan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照，许可证。 　　278. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded. 　　 A. consequently B. constantly 　　 C. continuously D. consistently 　　[答案]A. consequently. 　　[注释]consequently (as a result)因而，所以。 　　279. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems. 　　A. convinced B. inspired C. induced D. attracted 　　[答案]B. inspired. 　　[注释]inspired鼓舞，激励，产生：1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我产生信心。) 3)The good news inspired us with hope.(这个好消息使我们产生希望。) 　　280. From the cheers and shouts of _____, I gathered that he was winning the race. 　　A. stimulus B. urgency C. encouragement D. promotion 　　[答案]C.‎ ‎ encouragement. 　　[注释]encouragement鼓励，支持：shouts of encouragement(鼓励的欢呼声)。 　　本题译文：从欢呼声和鼓励声中，我猜想他正在赢得这场竞赛。 　　281. She once again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes from it. 　　A.withdraw B.abandon C.diminish D.eliminate 　　[答案]D. eliminate. 　　[注释]eliminate(=get rid of, do away with)消除，排除，淘汰：1) Can the government eliminate poverty?（政府能否消除贫困？） 2)eliminate slang words form an essay(从文章中去掉俚语词)。 　　282. When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately. 　　A. dressed B. wearing C. worn D. putting on 　　[答案]A. dressed. 　　[注释]be dressed in 穿这......衣服。Wear意为“穿着”是及物动词，语法结构上与本题不符。Put on穿上，强调的动作。 　　283. Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated. 　　A. due to B. but for C. in spite of D.with relation to 　　[答案]A. due to. 　　[注释]due to由于。有些语言专家认为due to引导的短语，在句中只能作表语，如：1)His absence was due to the storm. 2)The delay was due to heavy traffic. 3)This accident was due to his carelessness.但现代英语里due to引导的短语可以作状语用，如：He failed due to carelessness. Due to heavy traffic, he was late for an hour or so. 　　284. Many university courses are not really _____ to the needs of students or their future employers. 　　A.associated B. relative C. geared D. sufficient 　　[答案]C. geared. 　　[注释]be geared to与......相连接的，与......搭配得上的。Be relative to与......有关的：This ‎ is not relative to the accident.(这和这次事故无关。)本题意指courses(课程)是否与needs(需要)挂得上钩，而不是一般得有点关系，故应选geared. 　　285. If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right. 　　A. get off B. come across C. come over D. get over 　　[答案]D. get over. 　　[注释]get over (difficulties)克服（困难）。 　　286. Be careful how you _____ that jug, it will break very easily. 　　 A. pour B. operate C. handle D. employ 　　[答案]C. handle. 　　[注释]handle意为“用手拿......”:Wash your hands before you handle my books. 　　287. We suddenly saw the bus about to leave and had to run _____ to catch it. 　　A. hardly B. awkwardly C. hard D. strongly 　　[答案]C hard. 　　[注释]run hard意为“使劲跑”，句中hard是副词。Hardly“几乎不“，是否定副词，与本题不符。 　　288. He hated the war so much that he decided to leave the army _____. 　　 A. for long B. once in a while 　　 C. for good D. once upon a time 　　[答案] C. for good. 　　[注释] for good (=permanently)永久地:He says he's leaving the country for good. for long 长久地。按本题题意，用 for long 不妥。once upon a time 从前。once in a while 偶尔。 　　289. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the _____ before the fine weather came to an end. 　　A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. ‎ plant 　　[答案] B. harvest. 　　[注释] gather in “收获(庄稼)”: The farmers are gathering in the corn. 　　290. A successful scientist needs _____ if he wants to make hypothesis (假设) of how processes work and how events take place. 　　 A. permission B. penetration 　　 C. imagination D. convention 　　[答案] C. imagination. 　　[注释] imagination 想象力；penetration 穿透；permission 允许; convention 惯例，常规。 　　291. Tell your brother to come _____, because it's going to rain in a minute or two. 　　A. indoors B. outdoors C. outward D. inwards 　　[答案] A. indoors 　　[注释] 按句子的逻辑意思应选indoors adv. 向屋里；在屋里，inwards adv，向内，向中心，outward 向外。outdoors 是 indoors 的反义词。 　　本文译文: 叫你兄弟进屋来，因为天马上要下雨了. 　　292. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____. 　　A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment 　　[答案] D judgement 　　[注释] judgement 判断。guesswork 猜测，justice 正义，公正，ideal 理想。 　　293. Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _____ in the last six months. 　　A. added B. jumped C. amounted D. developed 　　[答案] B. jumped. 　　[注释] jump (=rise suddenly in price) 指“(价格)暴涨”。 　　294. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very ‎ quickly. 　　A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition 　　[答案] B. limit. 　　[注释] parking limit 意为在停车场“停车的时间限制”。a 20 minutes parking limit (停车时间限制为20分钟). 　　295.The country needs a _____ government. We have had three Prime Ministers in a year. 　　A. stationary B. changeless C.constant D.stable 　　[答案] D. stable. 　　[注释] stable 稳定的。stationary 静止的，不变的，固定的。changeless 不变 的，无变化的。constant 经常不断的。 　　296. Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job. 　　A. concise B. correct C. right D. precise 　　[答案] C. right. 　　[注释] right 适当的，恰当的:He is the right man to do the job。(他是干这项工作的合适人选) concise 简明扼要的，correct 正确的；exact 确切的： exact time 确切的时间，exact age 确切的年龄，exact weight 确切的重量； exact weight 确切的重量；exact information 确切的信息；exact cause 确切 的原因；exact meaning 确切的意思。 　　297. Radium salts, which have been found to _____ in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone. 　　A. pile up B. build up C. keep up D. pull up 　　[答案] B. build up. 　　[注释] build up(=accumulate) 积累。pile up 堆积。keep up 保持，维持。 pull up 停车。 　　298. It has been laid down that each student must _____ a composition to the teacher once a week. 　　A. turn in B. give up C. put forward D. bring out 　　[答案] A. turn ‎ in. 　　[注释] turn in(=hand in) 上交。 　　299. Our house is the most _____ one in the street; it is painted red. 　　A. permanentB.indifferentC.predominant D. prominent 　　[答案] D. prominent. 　　[注释] prominent 突出的；突起的。indifferent 漠不关心的；permanent 永久的；predominant 占优势的，主要的。 　　300. I shall take you back to Beijing _____ you are well enough to travel. 　　A. presently B. promptly C. immediately D. shortly 　　[答案] C. immediately 　　[注释] immediately(=directly) 作连词用，意为“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as .‎