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2012高考英语复习高考英语词汇400题及详解六

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‎  251. It is not profitable to provide bus services in districts where the population is widely _____.   A. scattered B. dismissed C. separated D. spread   [答案]A. scattered.   [注释]scattered是scatter的过去分词,也可作形容词用,(=lying in different directions; not situated together, wide apart)分散的,散布在各处的。Separate分开的,spread传播;摊开,dismiss解雇。   252. There are usually at least two _____ of looking at every question.   A. ways B. directions C. views D. opinions   [答案]A. ways.   [注释]two ways of looking at every questions意指“观察每个问题的两个方面”。   253. He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him.   A. almost B. even C. nearly D. scarcely   [答案]D. scarcely.   [注释]scarcely(=hardly, not quite, almost not)几乎没有。Scarcely是否定副词,类似的有:hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, little等。研究生入学考试中经常测试这类否定副词的用法。   254. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the _____ from their exhaust-pipes contains an even larger volume of poisonous gas.   A. exposure B. distribution C. expansion D. emission   [答案]D. emission.   [注释]emission散发物,发射。exposure(to)暴露于:They believe that their health problems are the result of years of exposure to fine cotton dust.(他们认为,他们的健康问题是多年来暴露于棉花粉尘所致。)expansion膨胀,扩大;Heat causes the expansion of gas.本题译文:正如汽车的生产和使用越来越多一样,汽车的排气管的散发物内所含的有毒气体量也在增加。   255. The book seems to have been _____ from various books and articles.    A. pieced together B. taken ‎ off    C. broken away D. pulled out   [答案]A. pieced together.   [注释]piece together拼合,拼凑;take off起飞;break away from脱离;pull out拔出;驶出;(车)减速。   256. We had a marvelous holiday: only the last two days were slightly _____ by the weather.    A. damaged B. hurt C. ruined D. spoiled   [答案]D. spoiled.   [注释]spoiled使......扫兴: A shower of rain spoiled our day's outing.   257. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.   A. appearance B. view C. sight D. expression   [答案]D. expression.   [注释]expression此处意指“表情”。Appearance表示人的“仪表,外表”。   258. I'd like to take _____ of this opportunity to thank you all for your cooperation.   A. profit B. benefit C. advantage D. interests   [答案]C. advantage.   [注释]take advantage of(=make use of sth. for one's own benefit)利用:take advantage of my ignorance(利用我的无知)。   259. If you ever have the _____ to go abroad to work, you should take it.   A. possibility B. offer C. luck D. chance   [答案]D. chance.   [注释]chance(偶然的)机会。Have与the(或 a) possibility不能搭配;常用There is a possibility for sb. to do sth.表示客观存在的“可能性”。   260. Scientists think they have _____ in their attempt to find the causes of some major ‎ dieases.    A. broken through B. worked out    C. fallen out D. got round   [答案]A. broken through.   [注释]break through(=be successful after overcoming a difficulty)突破;取得重大成果:Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.(科学家希望在与心脏病斗争中很快取得重大成果。)   本题译文:科学家认为他们在探索某些重要疾病的病因中已取得重大突破。   261. His test results are not very _____. He does well one week and badly the next.   A. invariable B. consequent C. continuous D. consistent   [答案]D. consistent.   [注释]consistent 1)始终如一,前后一致:He is not consistent in his statements.(他的话并不前后一致。) 2)与......一致:The story is not consistent with the facts. What you say is not consistent with what you do.   262. The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the work-force.    A. conference B. participation    C. intervention D. consultation   [答案]D. consultation.   [注释]consultation商议:hold a consultation with sb. about sth.(与某人商谈某事)。   conference讨论会;participation参加,参与;intervention干预,干涉。   263. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _____ of her heart.   A. hitting B. beating C. tapping D. knocking   [答案]B. beating.   [注释]beating 此处是动名词,指“(心)跳”:Her heart was beating furiously.   264. During World War II Malta managed to _____ most of Italian and German bombers by throwing up an effective anti-aircraft ‎ screen.   A. put out B. shut out C. come across D. get across   [答案]B. shut out.   [注释]shut out(=prevent from coming in; block)排除,排斥:They shut out our dust by having double windows.(他们用双层窗户防尘。)   put out扑灭;get across越过;使人了解;come across偶然遇到。   本题译文:第二次世界大战中,马耳他建立了有效的防空屏障以防止意大利和德国的轰炸机侵入。   265. I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. _____, she's a big girl now.   A. Above all B. After all C. First of all D. For all   [答案]B. After all.   [注释]after all毕竟。   “for all + 名词”意为“尽管”: For all his wealth, he was unhappy.(尽管他富有,但他并不幸福。)   266. Jim's close _____ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.   A. confusion B. similarity C. resemblanceD. imitation   [答案]C. resemblance.   [注释]resemblance n. 像(to)。 resemble(vt.)像; She resembles her mother.(=She takes after her mother.)   imitation模仿;仿效;confusion混乱,混淆;similarity相似性。   267. It has been decided that this company has the _____ right to print Mr. Smith's novels.   A.eventual B.versatile C.extensive D.exclusive   [答案]D. exclusive.   [注释]exclusive(=reserved to the person(s) concerned)独有的;This bathroom is for the president's exclusive ‎ use.   eventual最终的;versatile通用的,万用的;extensive广泛的。   268. He has recently _____ chess to provide himself with some relaxation.   A. taken on B. taken up C. held on D. held up   [答案]B. taken up.   [注释]take up开始从事。take on参阅Ⅲ,162,171注释。hold on, hold up参阅Ⅲ,162,171注释。   269. What a terrible experience! _____ , you are safe, that's the main thing.   A. Somehow B. Anyhow C. Somewhat D. Anywhere   [答案]B. Anyhow.   [注释]anyhow(at= any rate; in any case)无论如何,不管怎样。   270. John always tries to _____ people who are useful to him professionally.   A. develop B. provoke C. correspond D. cultivate   [答案]D. cultivate.   [注释]cultivate sb.结识(有地位的人),培养与......的友谊:He always tries to cultivate rich and famous people.(他总是极力结识有钱的知名人士。)   本题译文:约翰总是力图结识在职业方面对他有用的人。   271. Although he hasn't any formal qualifications, Betas _____ to do well for himself.   A. managed B. succeeded C. arranged D. convinced   [答案]a. managed.   [注释]manage to do sth.(=succeed in doing sth.)设法做成某事:1)He managed to escape to South America.(他设法逃到了南美。) 2)We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow.(我们反正设法得到了需要的东西。) 3)Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport?(你能设法给我弄到一份护照吗?)   本题译文:虽然他没有正式的资力,但他收入很多。Do well for oneself吃香,收入多,改善自己的社会地位。 ‎ ‎   272. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to _____ rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways to deal with its own problems.   A. set up B. put down C. keep up D. lay down   [答案]D. lay down.   [注释]lay down制定。参阅Ⅲ,97注释。   273. After a short holiday, he _____ himself once more to his studies.   A. applied B. converted C. engaged D. exerted   [答案]A. applied.   [注释]apply oneself to“致力于”。Apply one's mind to(专心于)。Apply to sb. for aid(向某人求援)。Apply a theory to practice(把理论应用于实践)。   274. She felt _____ of having asked such a silly question when the audience couldn't help laughing.   A. guilty B. crazy C. miserable D. ashamed   [答案]D. ashamed.   [注释] be ashamed of因......感到羞耻,惭愧:1)He is ashamed of what he was done.2)She felt ashamed of having done so little.(=She felt ashamed that she had done so little.) 3)John was ashamed to ask for help.(他不好意思向人求助。) 4)Jim was ashamed to have troubled me with so many questions.Be guilty of犯有......罪,过失:1)He was found guilty. 2)I am not guilty of this crime.   275. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in summer to suit his own _____.   A. leisure B. preference C. convenience D. selection   [答案]B. preference.   [注释]preference偏爱,更加喜欢:My preference is for beef rather than for lamb.(我更喜欢牛肉面不是羊肉。)‎ ‎276. There is not much time left; So I'll tell you about it _____.‎ ‎  A. in detail B. in brief C. in short D. in ‎ all   [答案]B. in brief.   [注释]in brief(=in a few words)简短地(作状语),例如:He told me in brief what had happened.(他简短地向我讲了已发生地事情。)此处in brief等于briefly。此处,in brief(=in a word, in short)简言之(作插入语)1)It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No".(这是一封长信,但简言之,他说“不”。) 2)John is smart, polite, and well-behaved. In brief, he is admirable.此句中in brief意为in a word 或in short. in short作插入语,其意思是in a word(总之)。In detail详细地。In all总计,总共:There are 20 in all.   277. She got married although her parents had not given her their _____.   A. allowance B. consent C. permit D. appreciation   [答案]B. consent.   [注释]consent n. 同意,赞成;consent (to) vi.同意,如:consent to a plan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照,许可证。   278. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.    A. consequently B. constantly    C. continuously D. consistently   [答案]A. consequently.   [注释]consequently (as a result)因而,所以。   279. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.   A. convinced B. inspired C. induced D. attracted   [答案]B. inspired.   [注释]inspired鼓舞,激励,产生:1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我产生信心。) 3)The good news inspired us with hope.(这个好消息使我们产生希望。)   280. From the cheers and shouts of _____, I gathered that he was winning the race.   A. stimulus B. urgency C. encouragement D. promotion   [答案]C.‎ ‎ encouragement.   [注释]encouragement鼓励,支持:shouts of encouragement(鼓励的欢呼声)。   本题译文:从欢呼声和鼓励声中,我猜想他正在赢得这场竞赛。   281. She once again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes from it.   A.withdraw B.abandon C.diminish D.eliminate   [答案]D. eliminate.   [注释]eliminate(=get rid of, do away with)消除,排除,淘汰:1) Can the government eliminate poverty?(政府能否消除贫困?) 2)eliminate slang words form an essay(从文章中去掉俚语词)。   282. When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.   A. dressed B. wearing C. worn D. putting on   [答案]A. dressed.   [注释]be dressed in 穿这......衣服。Wear意为“穿着”是及物动词,语法结构上与本题不符。Put on穿上,强调的动作。   283. Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.   A. due to B. but for C. in spite of D.with relation to   [答案]A. due to.   [注释]due to由于。有些语言专家认为due to引导的短语,在句中只能作表语,如:1)His absence was due to the storm. 2)The delay was due to heavy traffic. 3)This accident was due to his carelessness.但现代英语里due to引导的短语可以作状语用,如:He failed due to carelessness. Due to heavy traffic, he was late for an hour or so.   284. Many university courses are not really _____ to the needs of students or their future employers.   A.associated B. relative C. geared D. sufficient   [答案]C. geared.   [注释]be geared to与......相连接的,与......搭配得上的。Be relative to与......有关的:This ‎ is not relative to the accident.(这和这次事故无关。)本题意指courses(课程)是否与needs(需要)挂得上钩,而不是一般得有点关系,故应选geared.   285. If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.   A. get off B. come across C. come over D. get over   [答案]D. get over.   [注释]get over (difficulties)克服(困难)。   286. Be careful how you _____ that jug, it will break very easily.    A. pour B. operate C. handle D. employ   [答案]C. handle.   [注释]handle意为“用手拿......”:Wash your hands before you handle my books.   287. We suddenly saw the bus about to leave and had to run _____ to catch it.   A. hardly B. awkwardly C. hard D. strongly   [答案]C hard.   [注释]run hard意为“使劲跑”,句中hard是副词。Hardly“几乎不“,是否定副词,与本题不符。   288. He hated the war so much that he decided to leave the army _____.    A. for long B. once in a while    C. for good D. once upon a time   [答案] C. for good.   [注释] for good (=permanently)永久地:He says he's leaving the country for good. for long 长久地。按本题题意,用 for long 不妥。once upon a time 从前。once in a while 偶尔。   289. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the _____ before the fine weather came to an end.   A. collection B. harvest C. flower D. ‎ plant   [答案] B. harvest.   [注释] gather in “收获(庄稼)”: The farmers are gathering in the corn.   290. A successful scientist needs _____ if he wants to make hypothesis (假设) of how processes work and how events take place.    A. permission B. penetration    C. imagination D. convention   [答案] C. imagination.   [注释] imagination 想象力;penetration 穿透;permission 允许; convention 惯例,常规。   291. Tell your brother to come _____, because it's going to rain in a minute or two.   A. indoors B. outdoors C. outward D. inwards   [答案] A. indoors   [注释] 按句子的逻辑意思应选indoors adv. 向屋里;在屋里,inwards adv,向内,向中心,outward 向外。outdoors 是 indoors 的反义词。   本文译文: 叫你兄弟进屋来,因为天马上要下雨了.   292. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.   A. opinion B. guesswork C. justice D. judgment   [答案] D judgement   [注释] judgement 判断。guesswork 猜测,justice 正义,公正,ideal 理想。   293. Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _____ in the last six months.   A. added B. jumped C. amounted D. developed   [答案] B. jumped.   [注释] jump (=rise suddenly in price) 指“(价格)暴涨”。   294. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very ‎ quickly.   A. freedom B. limit C. allowance D. prohibition   [答案] B. limit.   [注释] parking limit 意为在停车场“停车的时间限制”。a 20 minutes parking limit (停车时间限制为20分钟).   295.The country needs a _____ government. We have had three Prime Ministers in a year.   A. stationary B. changeless C.constant D.stable   [答案] D. stable.   [注释] stable 稳定的。stationary 静止的,不变的,固定的。changeless 不变 的,无变化的。constant 经常不断的。   296. Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job.   A. concise B. correct C. right D. precise   [答案] C. right.   [注释] right 适当的,恰当的:He is the right man to do the job。(他是干这项工作的合适人选) concise 简明扼要的,correct 正确的;exact 确切的: exact time 确切的时间,exact age 确切的年龄,exact weight 确切的重量; exact weight 确切的重量;exact information 确切的信息;exact cause 确切 的原因;exact meaning 确切的意思。   297. Radium salts, which have been found to _____ in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone.   A. pile up B. build up C. keep up D. pull up   [答案] B. build up.   [注释] build up(=accumulate) 积累。pile up 堆积。keep up 保持,维持。 pull up 停车。   298. It has been laid down that each student must _____ a composition to the teacher once a week.   A. turn in B. give up C. put forward D. bring out   [答案] A. turn ‎ in.   [注释] turn in(=hand in) 上交。   299. Our house is the most _____ one in the street; it is painted red.   A. permanentB.indifferentC.predominant D. prominent   [答案] D. prominent.   [注释] prominent 突出的;突起的。indifferent 漠不关心的;permanent 永久的;predominant 占优势的,主要的。   300. I shall take you back to Beijing _____ you are well enough to travel.   A. presently B. promptly C. immediately D. shortly   [答案] C. immediately   [注释] immediately(=directly) 作连词用,意为“一……就……”,相当于 as soon as .‎