2019高考英语高频词汇必背及训练1 10页

‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练1‎ 1. access ①通道，入口 ②(接近或进入的)方法，机会，权利③[vt.]取得，获取（尤指计算机数据）‎ 考点提示：‎ ‎①have access to sth.可以使用……/有……接触机会 have access to a car/a puter.有汽车/计算机可以使用 ‎②gain/get access (to sth.)进入[某地】；见到[某人或某物]‎ 完成句子 ‎①学生需要得到图书的方便途径。‎ Students need easy _____________________ the books. ‎ ‎②每个人都有受教育权。‎ Everyone __________________________ education. ‎ ‎③只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。‎ ‎_____________________________their house is along that narrow road. ‎ 2. absence n. ①缺席，不在场[反presence] ②不存在，缺乏 考点提示:‎ ‎①absent (adj.) 缺席的；不在的; ‎ be absent from……不在……；缺席……‎ be absent for……（不在）去了……‎ ‎②in/during sb’s absense在某人不在期间 完成句子 ‎①我不在时，请照看我的房子。‎ Please take care of my house ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎②在缺乏其他证据下，我们不得不认为这属实。‎ We were obliged to accept it as true ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎③老师对他旷课很生气。‎ The teacher was angry at his ‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________.‎ ‎④他今天缺课/缺勤/缺席会议。‎ He ___________________________ today. ‎ ‎⑤有些国家终年无雪。‎ Snow __________________________ some countries. ‎ ‎⑥他外出了，现在在欧洲。‎ He ________________________.‎ ‎3.suppose vt.认为，猜想 考点提示：‎ suppose＋that/to be认为，猜想 be (not) supposed to (do)(不)被期望，(不)应该 suppose/supposing that(与given, provided通用)‎ 表示“假定……结果会怎么样？”‎ I suppose so./No, I suppose not./No, I don't ‎ suppose so.我认为这样。/不，我不认为这样。/不，我不认为这样。‎ ‎(1)—Jerry is playing online games.‎ ‎—He's playing games？He's ________ to be doing his homework now.‎ A. believed B. supposed C. considered D. pretended ‎(2)—How do you ________we will go to Hainan for our holidays?‎ ‎—I think we'd better fly there. It's much more fortable. ‎ A. insist B. want C. suggest D. Suppose 4. switch vt.转换，转变 考点提示：‎ switch (from A) to B(由A)转换成B switch on开(电灯、机器等)‎ switch off关(电灯、机器等)；失去兴趣；觉得乏味 switch over转换频道；转变 ‎(1)In order to stop poverty, the World Bank has________its focus to providing technical assistance and longterm loans to developing countries.‎ A. fixed B. exchanged C. transferred D. switched ‎(2)She started studying medicine at college, but ________ to Business Studies in her second year.‎ A. transformed B. skipped C. adjusted D. switched ‎5.matter vi.重要，有重大关系　n．物质；问题；毛病 考点提示：‎ to make matters worse更糟糕的是 no matter不要紧，没关系 as a matter of fact实际上；不瞒你说；确实 It doesn't matter.没关系。‎ ‎“他问我怎么回事”习惯上说：He asked me what was the matter. (此处因what作主语，故后边语序不变)，而有些学生惯用He asked me what the matter was.句子虽正确，但意思不同，此处是“他问我那物质是什么。”‎ ‎①Don't worry. It's only a(n) ________of money. We will try our best to collect enough.‎ A. matter　　　　　B. affair C. business D. accident ‎②The thing that ________ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.‎ A．matters　　　 B．cares C．minds D．considers ‎6.condemn v. ①谴责，指责 ②宣判，判刑[同sentence] ‎ 完成句子 ‎①我们谴责他的不良行为。‎ We ________ him ________ his bad conduct. ‎ ‎②犯人被判处死刑。‎ The prisoner ___________________________. ‎ 7. condition n. ①条件 ②[ 用复数](工作或生活等的)条件，状况 ③[(健康或物品的)状态，状况 完成句子/英译汉/单项选择 ‎①如果你能在星期一还我，我可以借给你这本书。‎ I will lend you the book ________________________ you________ it on Monday.‎ ‎②在这么恶劣的情况下，我们只有推迟野营了。‎ ‎_____________________, we have to put off the camp. ‎ ‎③He is living in terrible conditions.‎ ‎④That is a used car in good condition.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎⑤我决不会改变我的主意。‎ On no condition ________________________ my mind. ‎ ‎⑥I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.‎ ‎ A. by B. in C. on D. to 7. character n．品质；性格；人物；角色；字体 考点提示：‎ be different in character有着不同的性格 a man of character有个性的人，有骨气的人 a leading character主角 in the character of以……的资格，扮演……的角色 out of character不适合，和……不相称 The Chinese characters汉字 characteristic adj. 表现特点的n. 特征，特性，特色 characterize v. 表现……的特色 ‎①Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building.‎ A．respect B．friendship C．reputation D．character ‎②Mr. Johnsons is of good ________， so he is respected and loved by everyone in the neighbourhood.‎ A．character B．characteristic C．feature D．uniqueness ‎9.found vt.建立，创立 考点提示：‎ be founded on/upon建立在……基础上 find→found→found(发现)‎ found→founded→founded(创办，建立)‎ foundation n．基础，根据，建立，创办 lay foundations 打地基 founder n．奠基者，创建者，缔造者 put up, set up, build与found的区别 ‎①put up表示“建造，搭建”时，指高于地平面的建筑物，即“搭起，竖起，挂起”之意，同set up。‎ ‎②set up还表示“建立，成立”，常与表示组织、机构、团体之意的词连用，这时相当于found，如：set up home安家落户。‎ ‎③build意为“建造，建设，建立”，是最普通的用语，常指建造大的东西，可接具体或抽象的名词。‎ ‎④found指建立、成立机构或组织等。此意同set up，但found更强调打基础。‎ 用found, put up, set up的正确形式填空：‎ ‎①________in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.‎ ‎②A new theatre ________________ where there used to be a temple.‎ ‎③The factory has ________ a night school to strengthen the workers' education. ‎ 10. opinion n．意见，看法，主张 考点提示：‎ in one's opinion＝in the opinion of sb.按照某人的看法 have a good/bad/high/low opinion of对……评价很好/很糟 be of the opinion that...主张……，认为……‎ in one's view以……的观点来看 point of view观点 opinion与view ‎①opinion是一般通用词，指对事物或问题经过思考后提出的意见、主张、看法，含有初步的，不肯定的意味。‎ ‎②view指“见解，观点”，侧重对较广泛、重大或有关公众的问题所采用的态度，view比opinion更为肯定、全面和系统。‎ ‎①It's a terrible shame，________，that the building was knocked down.‎ A．I think B．in my opinion C．personally D．All above ‎②Although ________ my opinion, the old professor didn't e up with his own.‎ A. against B. on C. for D. in 答案：1.①access to　②has access to　③The only access to ‎2.①during my absence　②in the absence of other evidence　‎ ‎③absence from school　④is absent from school/work/the meeting　‎ ‎⑤is absent in　 ⑥is absent in Europe ‎3.(1)B　be supposed to do sth.意为：某人应该做某事。题中用了不定式的进行式，表示：Jerry应该正在做作业。 (2)D ‎4.(1)D (2)D　考查动词辨析。句意：她从医学专业转到商务研究系，用switch表示“转换，改变(思路、话题等)”。B项可表示“急速改变”，不符合语境。其他选项的含义：A“改变，转变，改选”，C“调整”。‎ ‎5.①A　考查名词辨析。短语a matter of表示“(仅仅、就)只是……的事而已”，如a matter of days/time“仅仅几天，只是时间的早晚”。句意：别担心，这只是钱的事情而已，我们会尽力募集够的。② A ‎ ‎6.①condemned; for　 ②was condemned to death ‎7.①on condition that; return　②Under such bad weather conditions ‎③他的生活条件很差。④那是一辆状况良好的旧车。⑤will I change ‎⑥C　句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有的指控。on (the) condition that 在……条件下，介词用on，属固定搭配。‎ ‎8.①D　句意：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康，或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。respect尊重，爱戴；friendship友谊；reputation名誉，荣誉，声望；character性格，品格，品质，特点，特性。又如：The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.在地震发生后，小男孩重返学校表现出了他顽强的毅力。‎ ‎②A　character这里说明人的品质 ‎9.①Founded ② has been put up ③set up ‎10.①D　A、B、C三个选项的意思相同，均可作插入语。故选D项。‎ ‎②A ‎2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练10‎ ‎1.effect n．效果，作用；影响 have an effect on对……有影响(have a/an＋adj.＋effect on...)‎ have some/little/no effect on对……有些/一点/没有影响 in effect实际上，事实上；有效 take effect见效，开始起作用；(法律或规章)生效，开始实行 e into effect实行，实施，生效 be of no effect无效 cause and effect因果 注意：虽然表达“对……有影响”用have an effect on，但表示“有很大/小影响”用have much/little effect on，而不用many/few。‎ The medicine had a good effect on me.‎ 那种药对我有良好的功效。‎ The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.‎ 这些广告攻势对销售额没起到多大作用。‎ The medicine quickly took effect.‎ 这种药很快就见效了。‎ affect/effect/influence辨析 ‎(1)affect仅作动词，可以用于以下三种情况：‎ ‎①对某人或某物产生不良的影响，通常以被影响的人或物作为宾语。作“影响”讲时，是及物动词，相当于短语have an effect on。‎ Hot weather affects his health.‎ 炎热的天气影响着他的健康。‎ ‎②作“使改动，使变化”之意讲时，属中性词，没有好坏之分。‎ He wasn't affected by the news.‎ 他听了这消息后无动于衷。‎ ‎③感动。‎ His speech affected the audience deeply.‎ 他的演讲深深地打动了观众。‎ ‎(2)effect通常指使某人或某物得以改进和变化，强调造成一种特殊的后果。作名词时指affect的结果。 ‎ This medicine has no effect on his headache.‎ 这种药对他的头疼不起作用。‎ ‎(3)influence指通过劝说、行为或事例等对另一方的行为、性格、观点产生潜移默化的或持久的影响，尤其在感情和态度上的影响。有动词和名词两种词性。‎ What we read influences our thinking.‎ 我们阅读的书籍会对我们的思想产生影响。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)We should learn to distinguish between__________(因果)．‎ ‎(2)The new law________________________(生效)from tomorrow.‎ ‎(3)________(实际上)，the two systems are the same.‎ 单项填空 ‎(4)Recently tourism has a great________on the wildlife in my hometown，which causes plaints.‎ A．effort B．effect C．affect D．reflect ‎2.disappoint vt.使失望 The film disappointed him.影片使他失望。‎ ‎(1)有些及物动词的现在分词和过去分词均可用作形容词，现在分词意为“令人……的”‎ ‎，一般用来指物；过去分词意为“某人感到……的”，一般用来指人。但指人的“表情”“ 嗓音”等时用过去分词。此类形容词有：‎ 　 　 　 　 The disappointing news made us disappointed.‎ 这个令人失望的消息使我们很失望。‎ I was moved by the moving scene.‎ 我被这令人感动的一幕打动了。‎ ‎(2) I'm disappointed that I failed the exam.‎ 我失望的是我考试没及格。‎ 用disappoint的适当形式填空 ‎(1)From his father's________look，we know the________boy made his father________.‎ ‎(2)The long speech given by that old professor seemed________and endless.‎ ‎（3）—The film is ，I have to say，not a bit interesting.‎ ‎—Why? It's________than the films I have ever seen.‎ A．far more interesting B．much less interesting C．no more interesting D．any less interesting ‎3.perform ‎(1)vt.‎& vi.演出，表演 The play was first performed in 1987.‎ 这部剧于1987年首次上演。‎ ‎(2)vt.做，履行，执行 The surgeon has performed the operation.‎ 外科医生已做完了手术。‎ ‎(3)vi.工作，运转(好/不好)‎ The engine seems to be performing well.‎ 发动机似乎运转正常。‎ perform an experiment/operation做实验/施行手术 perform a play上演一部剧本 perform a role in(＝play a role in...)在……中起作用 perform well/badly(poorly)/satisfactorily表现得好/坏/令人满意 performance n．表演，演奏 performer n．表演者 put on performance表演 ‎(1)We've never seen a Shakespeare's play________so wonderfully.‎ A．perform B．is performing C．performing D．performed ‎(2)—Tonight the blind boy will perform________the piano at the party.‎ ‎—Great！He succeeded at last！He's performed________a wonder.‎ A．/；/ B．on；on C．on；/ D．/；on ‎4.impress vt.使(人)印象深刻；印上，压出印记 impress sth on sb ‎＝impress sb with sth使某人牢记/铭记某事 impress sth on sth把……印在……上 be impressed by/at/with...被……感动；对……印象深刻 be impressed on one's mind/memory 被印在脑海里，留下深刻的印象 impression n．印象 impressive adj.使人印象深刻的，令人感动的 leave/make The book didn't impress me at all.‎ 这本书没有给我留下一点印象。‎ He impressed me with the importance of the work.‎ 他让我明白了工作的重要性。‎ The teachers were impressed by your performance in the exam.所有的老师被你们的考试成绩所感动。‎ ‎(1)He________a design on cloth.What a beautiful design!‎ A．pressed B．impressed C．put D．placed ‎(2)The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO xx was strongly impressed________my memory.‎ A．to B．over C．by D．on ‎(3)When you stay in a stranger's home，you should do everything properly so that you can make a good________on the host.‎ A．expression B．impression C．suggestion D．manner ‎5bine vt.‎(使)联合，(使)结合 bine sth with/and sth把……与……联合 bine with与……混合，与……化合 bine business with pleasure劳逸结合 We should bine business with pleasure.‎ 我们应该劳逸结合。‎ 完成句子 你应该努力把锻炼与健康饮食结合起来。‎ You should try to________exercise________healthy diets.‎ ‎6.represent vt.代表；象征；描绘 What does this mark represent？这个符号代表什么？‎ representative n．代表者，代理人，众议员 represent sb/sth as sb/sth把……描述成……‎ represent sb as/to be...宣称某人为……‎ represent sth to sb向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事 be well/badly represented很好/很差地展示 be representative of...是……的代表 He represented himself as(to be)a friend of mine.‎ 他自称是我的一个朋友。‎ Are your opinions representative of those of the other students?‎ 你们的意见代表其他的学生吗？‎ ‎(1)Zhang Yining and her fellow teammates，________China's Women Pingpong Team，took park in the xx Olympics Games.‎ A.represent B．represented C．representing D．being represented ‎(2)His only aim is________our country at the Olympics in xx.‎ A．represented B．to be represented C．representing D．to represent ‎7.treasure n．财宝，财富 treasure作“财宝”讲一般是不可数名词；作“珍贵的东西”讲一般是可数名词。也可用作及物动词，意为“珍惜”。‎ There is much treasure in this tomb.‎ 这个墓里有许多财宝。‎ We should treasure our friendship.‎ 我们应该珍惜我们的友谊。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)We should________(爱惜)manpower and material resources.‎ 汉译英 ‎(2)我珍惜你的友谊。‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎(3)He________the watch his mother gave him.‎ A．longs B．treasures C．admires D．appreciates ‎(4)I shall________this gift because it was given by the teacher I loved.‎ A．enjoy B．treasure C．admire D．appreciate ‎8.quit v．停止，辞职 He quit his job last month.他上个月辞职了。‎ Quit laughing！别笑了！‎ quit—quit/quitted—quit/quitted—quitting quit后跟动词的ing形式。‎ quit/stop辨析 两者都可以表示“停止”。其区别在于：‎ stop：指动作、运行、进展等被停下来，含突然、断然的意味。‎ quit：指最终彻底停止某事，有时暗示遭到失败或面临挫折。‎ 用stop与quit填空 ‎(1)The police were called to________a fight outside the theatre.‎ ‎(2)In order to keep you healthy，you'd better________drinking and smoking.‎ ‎(3)They________work at 5 pm and then went home.‎ A．quit B．did C．started D．began ‎9.appearance外貌，外观 Don't judge people by their appearances.不要以貌取人。‎ appearance n．出现，显露，露面；外观/外貌/外表 appear vi.出现 make appearance登台，出现 make a good/poor appearance 显得一表人材/显得很不雅观 at first appearance乍看起来 in appearance外貌上，看起来 keep up appearances装点门面；装阔气，维持体面 She's made a number of appearances on television.‎ 她已在电视上几次露面。‎ His sudden appearance surprised her.‎ 他的突然出现使她很惊讶。‎ ‎(1)There is no point in keeping up________when everyone knows we're nearly bankrupt(破产)．‎ A．engagements B．gatherings C．meetings D．appearances ‎(2)The environmentalists said wild goats'________on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.‎ A．escape B．absence C．attendance D．appearance ‎10.transform vt.转变，转换 Success and wealth transformed his character.‎ 成功和财富改变了他的性格。‎ transform sb/sth into...把某人/物改变成……‎ transform sb/sth from...从……中转变而来 Transform wind into energy.把风转化成能量。‎ The pany has been transformed from a family business to a multimillionpound operation.‎ 这家公司已由一个家庭企业变成拥有数百万英镑的运作机构。‎ ‎(1)Water can transform a desert________a garden.‎ A．into B．from C．in D．with ‎(2)In only 20 years，the country has________into an advanced industrial power.‎ A．translated B．degraded C．declined D．transformed 答案：1.(1)cause and effect　(2)es into effect/takes effect　(3)In effect　(4)B ‎2.(1)disappointed；disappointing；disappointed (2)disappointing ‎ ‎（3）解析　 句意：——我不得不说这部电影一点也没有趣。—— 为什么？ 它比我所看过的电影都有趣得多。从句意可知， 第二个人认为那部电影非常有趣，应该用表示肯定的比较级。答案　A ‎3.(1)D　(2)C ‎4.(1)B　(2)D　(3)B ‎5bine；with ‎6.(1)C　(2)D ‎7.(1)treasure　(2)I treasure your friendship. (3)B　(4)B ‎8.(1)stop　(2)quit　(3)A ‎9.(1)D　(2)D ‎10.(1)A　(2)D