高考英语阅读推断题 7页

高考英语阅读推断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是需要阅读者通过阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生需要具备对事物进行归纳分类的能力，在获取信息事实后才能将已知细节加以分析，从而得出合理的判断。‎ 培养考生的判断推理能力可以从以下四方面着手：一是对理解词汇和结构本身的意义进行判断推理；二是对文章中的事实、现象进行归纳、推断可能得出的结论；三是通过文章的用词和修辞手段理解作者的立场、观点和写作目的；四是通过对话，推断对话双方的语气和对问题的不同看法。‎ 推断题一般可以归纳为五大题型 ：细节推断题 、因果推断题 、人物性格 、态度及观点判断题 、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题 。‎ 一、 细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等.一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。‎ 典例 ：2006 年山东卷 A 篇 ‎ · · · · · Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole。and he ‘s skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton．H is old playmates would not believe the transformation ．‎ ‎60 ． It can be inferred that Saunders’journey to the North Pole _______ ．‎ A ． was accompanied by his old playmates B ． set a record in the North Pole expedition C ． was supported by other Arctic explorers D ． made him well-known in the 1960 s ‎[解析] 答案是B 。本小题是问从文章中推断出 Saunder的北极之旅怎么样?根据上面文章所提供的信息：Saunder是到目前为止独自滑雪去北极的人中最年轻的一位，而且 Saunder独自滑雪去北冰洋的地方比其他任何一个英国人都要多。由此细节，我们可以推断出 Saunder 的北极之旅在北极探险中是创造了一个记录。‎ 二、因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵 ，理解文章的真正含义。‎ 典例：2009 年四川卷 B 篇 ‎· · · · Although our situation was very bad，it’s difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at what’s happening else where．I watched a newsreport about floods in Northern India and thought. “We didn’t have a straw hut(茅草房) that was swept away, and our house is still standing．We ’re lucky． ”‎ ‎4 7 ． Why does the author say that they were lucky in the third paragraph ?‎ A . Because her situation was not serious．‎ B ． Because many other paces were flooded．‎ C ．Because she had been to Northem India．‎ D ． Because some others suffered even more．‎ ‎[ 解析】 答案是D。作者提到 I watched a newsreport about floods in Northern India and thought．“ We didn ‘t have a straw hut (茅草房 ) that was swept away，and our house is ‎ still standing ．We ‘re lucky ．”从这两句话可以推断出作者说他们是幸运的原因了。‎ 三、人物性格、态度及观点判断题 高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪 、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度 、 观点等方面的理解题 。做这一类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词；能结合自己平时积累的有关英语 国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。‎ 典例 ：2006 年全国卷 D 篇 Art is now together with my piano playing and reading．There is a time for everything in my world，and it is wonderful to have some time doing what 1 want to do ．‎ A s Confucius once said ，”At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire ．”‎ ‎72．How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?‎ A ． Very enjoyable．‎ B ． A bit regretfu1．‎ C ． Rather busy．‎ D ． Fairly dul1．‎ ‎[ 解析】答案是 A 。根据文章的最后一段可知绘画 、读书 、弹钢琴成了作者退休生活中不可或缺的一部分。由此可以推断选项 A 才是作者的感觉。‎ 说明文中作者的态度有：‎ ‎(1)positive (积极的) (2)negative （消极的）‎ ‎(3)neutral (中立的) (4) objective （客观的） ‎ ‎(5) approval （赞成的） (6) disapproval ‎ ‎(7) indifferent （漠不关心的） (8) sarcastic （讽刺的）‎ ‎(9) critical (批评的) (10) optimistic （乐观的） ‎ ‎（11）pessimistic（悲观的）‎ 高考连接----2010江西卷 There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle.‎ No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. ‎ What is the author’s attitude towards the modern technology?‎ ‎ A. Critical B. Objective.‎ ‎ C. Optimistic. D. Negative.‎ Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应). （2分钟）‎ ‎●According to the author, which of the following statements is true?‎ A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.‎ B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.‎ C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.‎ D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.‎ Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.‎ I would consider bungee jumping（蹦极跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有弹性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 ‎ million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. ‎ Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. 　　Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. ‎ ‎●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude（态度）towards dangerous sports. 　 A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的）‎ ‎ C. neutral （中立的）　 D. nervous 四、预测想象推理题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路 (如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述 )， 从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。‎ 典例 ：2007 年天津卷 A 篇 The city of Rome has passed a new to prevent cruelty to animals． All gold fish bowls are no longer allowed and dog owners must walk their dogs． ‎ ‎36 ． The new law passed in Rome will______.‎ A ． help improve fishing environment B ． guarantee better conditions for goldfish C ． stop people from catching goldfish D ． discourage keeping goldfish at home ‎[ 解析】答案是 B 。文章第一段指出罗马通过了一项新的法律 ，禁止对动物的残忍行为 ，不允许再用鱼缸饲养金鱼。由此可推断 ‎ ，这项新的法律会确保金鱼有更好的生存条件。‎ When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分钟）‎ ‎●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________.‎ ‎ A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）‎ 五 、写作意图推测题 此题型要求考生根据文章的论述 ， 推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。‎ 典例 ：2011年某省考卷 A 篇 ‎· · · · Now the pleasure of learning Jane Austen " knew it, keeping in its streets and public buildings the well-ordered world that she described so well in her novels．‎ ‎ 一After your visit to the Centre，you can’ ’ ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ You Call also have walking to ours of Jane Austen ’ s Bath ， ⋯ ⋯‎ ‎5 8．The author writes this passage in order to ______ ．‎ A ． attract readers to visit the city of Bath B ． ask readers to buy Austen’s books C ． tell readers about Jane Austen’s experience D ． give a brief introduction to the Jane Austen Society ‎【 解析】答案是 A 。从这篇义章上面所节选出来的信息 ， 可以推断出 The ‎ author is suggesting the readers visit to Bath ．判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循，可以在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，把握句、段之间的逻辑关系。然后通过分析、综合 、判断等方法进行深层处理，这样就可以做出符合逻辑的推理判断。‎ ‎“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. ‎ ‎●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.‎ ‎ A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves ‎ ‎ B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic ‎ C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance ‎ ‎ D. invite the readers to answer them 高考连接-----2010北京卷 ‎ The Cost of Higher Education Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资)and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. ‎ Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education. ‎ The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ________.‎ ‎ A．argue against free university education ‎ ‎ B．call on them to finance students’ studies ‎ C．encourage graduates to go into business ‎ D．show their contribution to higher education A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.‎ Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.‎ It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home. ‎ ‎ ●The writer wrote the story in order to________.‎ ‎ A. show that elephants are very clever ‎ B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal ‎ C. show that women care more for animals than men do ‎ D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife