天津高考英语试卷 英语试卷翻译详细解析Word 21页

‎2018 年 3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）‎ 英语 笔试英语试卷详细解析---大山Word版 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： ‎ ‎1．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用 橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。‎ 2． 本卷共 55 小题，共 95 分。‎ 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）‎ 第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）‎ 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ 例：Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better. ‎ ‎ A．or B．and C．but D．while ‎ 答案是 B。‎ ‎1．—Shall I tell John our secret? ‎ ‎—No, you mustn’t. ______. ‎ A．Take it easy （别紧张）B．It sounds like a great idea （听起来像个好主意）‎ ‎ C．If you don’t mind（如果你不介意） ‎ D．It’s just between you and me(它是你我之间的秘密) ‎ 答案：D 考点：情景对话 题干翻译：-----我能告诉John我们的秘密吗？主+谓+间宾+直宾 句式 ‎ -------不，绝对不能 根据题意应选D ‎2．Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do. ‎ ‎ A．it B．that C．them D．ones ‎ 答案：C 考点：代词辨析 题干翻译：专业技能是 像刀和锤子一样的工具。你需要它们完成你想要做的事情。根据题意应选C ‎3．—What’s wrong with the door? ‎ ‎—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out. ‎ ‎ A．shouldn’t“不应该” B．mustn’t“禁止” C．needn’t“不需要” D．won’t “将不，不能”‎ 答案：D 考点：情态词的否定 辨析 题干翻译：-----门怎么了？‎ ‎ -------钥匙插进去拔不出来了 根据题意应选D ‎4．—I know you want to talk about this report, but I’d like to tell you about our new partner. ‎ ‎—______. We can talk about him later. ‎ ‎ A．Let’s stick to the point“我们关注重点” B．It’s nice of you 你真好 ‎ C．It’s really hard to say 难说 D．You’ll make it 你会做到的 答案：A 考点：情景对话，stick to的词义--关注 题干翻译：-----我知道你想谈论此报告，但我想说一说我们的新搭档 ‎ ------- ，我们可以稍后谈论他 根据题意应选A ‎5．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good ‎ map before you set out.‎ A．study研究 B．display 显示C．deliver 递送，交付D．publish发行，发表 ‎ 答案：A 考点：动词词汇辨析 题干翻译：-----当你驶禁一座新城市，易迷路，所以出发前研究一张好地图很重要。‎ 根据题意应选A ‎6．Mrs. Taylor went around“走访” the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary. ‎ ‎ A．ordered B．ordering C．to have ordered D．having been ordered ‎ 答案：B 题干翻译：-----泰勒夫人走访商店，订购所需非常必要。‎ 考点：非谓语动词----现在分词作目的状语，同时具有伴随性，常放句尾，且有逗号分隔，‎ 根据题意应选B ‎7．There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in. ‎ ‎ A．why（先行词是season的引导次） B．which（先行词为“物质” 的引导词） C．whom（先行词为“人” 的引导词，且在从句中作宾语） D．where （地点引导词，从句中作地点状语）‎ 答案：D 题干翻译：-----接待处前排起了长长的队伍，每个人都在登记。‎ 考点：定语从句，常考知识点，reception desk 是地点名词，去掉关系词，句子不缺成分，故选D，在从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎ 另外，如果where引导地点状语从句，where前常为动词：We must camp where we can get what water.我们必须要在能得到水的地方扎营。（特别是军队长期驻守，必须临近水源，这是常识。记得马谡守街亭时，虽居高临下，但远离水源，被围后不打自乱，好惨........）‎ 根据题意应选D ‎8．I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail. ‎ ‎ A．receive B．received C．had received D．would receive ‎ 答案：B 题干翻译：-----邮包里收到驾照的那一刻，我欢呼雀跃。‎ 考点：时间状语从句----欢呼雀跃和收到，同时发生，时态均为过去式，如果选了C，那是认为，先收到驾照，然后才欢呼，。通常情况下，经过辛苦努力，再经过严格的考试，盼呀盼，终于盼来了梦寐以求的驾照，一拿到手驾照，抑制不住激动的心情，就会欢呼雀跃，两个动作的发生，不会有时间间隔，所以不能选C。‎ 根据题意应选B ‎9．Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on? ‎ ‎ A．loss （损失）B．heat （使高温）C．spread （延展）D．defence （防御）‎ 答案：C 题干翻译：-----我们能阻止世界的日益沙化以拯救人类如此依赖的大陆吗？‎ 考点：词语辨析 根据题意应选C ‎10．He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected. ‎ ‎ A．why B．how C．that D．what ‎ 答案：D 题干翻译：-----他努力学习，后来成为一名著名作家，这也是其父所期盼的。‎ 考点：表语从句. 整句是一个非限制性定语从句，which指代词前所述事实，做从句主语，从句中又嵌套一个表语从句，凡是句子要翻译成带“所”字的句子是，大多用what引导，且看：This is what I am interested in. 这是我所感兴趣的。‎ ‎ Take back what you said!收回你所说的话 根据题意应选D ‎11．There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ‎ ‎______for medical research has been well spent. ‎ ‎ A．used B．using C．to use D．to be used ‎ 答案：A 题干翻译：-----近几年医疗上有很多进步，那意味着用于医疗研究的钱花得其所。‎ 考点：非谓语动词。从备选项看，就能看出来考点是非谓语动词，后置于名词之后作定语，表示钱被用于某方面，记一个口诀：现在分词“表主动，表进行”；过去分词“表过去，标完成”‎ 根据题意应选A ‎12．When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. ‎ ‎ A．point to（显示，表明） B．turn to（转向，求助于） C．attend to（注意，致力于） D．belong to（属于） ‎ 选B 题干翻译：当人们想扩大知识面时，经常求助于能提供信息的书。‎ 考点：词语辨析，无他！‎ ‎13．Make sure you save all your work on screen ______ the computer breaks down. ‎ ‎ A．in case（以防万一） B．as if（好像，似乎，仿佛） C．so that（以便） D．even though （即使）‎ 选A 题干翻译：确保电脑上的工作全部保存，以防电脑出问题。‎ 考点解析：引导目的状语从句 ‎14．Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college. ‎ ‎ A．studied B．had studied ‎ ‎ C．would study D．might have studied ‎ 答案B 考点：虚拟语气 题干：简多么希望大学时研究的是外贸而不是文学呀！‎ 解析：由when she was in college.可知，是对过去时态的“虚拟”，不要受“wishes”一词的误导。是对过去时态的“虚拟”，要用过去完成时.所以选B（天津英语高考，虚拟语气基本放在倒数几题）‎ ‎15．What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your love of music? ‎ 是什么把你们聚拢在一起的?是你们对音乐的热爱吗？‎ ‎ A．as B．who C．that D．which ‎ 解析：英语常用的强调结构是"It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that)...不允许强调 谓语. 技巧 : :这几个关键词it is (was) who (that)，出现的时候，一般要考虑 强调句型了，属于简单题型。‎ 第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16～35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，‎ 选出最佳选项。‎ Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say ‎ 数年的口齿不清，叫我明白：少说为佳免尴尬 anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my 16 , I felt ‎ 由于沉默的结果，（silence） ‎ distanced from most of my peers (同龄人). “Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s ‎ 我感到了与同龄人的隔阂 凯西，奥，她很安静 what most people would say when they 17 me, as if “Quiet” were part of ‎ 当人们谈论我（talked of）时，那是很多人会说的一句话。好像“安静”‎ my 18 . I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be 19 . ‎ 是我名字的一部分（name），我同意那个事实。我不需要被听见（heard）‎ Last September, however, that all 20 . I started my creative writing class with 然而，去年9月，那个事实彻底改变（changed）。我开始跟Ms. Haist学习创意写作 ‎ Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we ‎ ‎ 我们每天接受不同的写作任务 wished, we could 21 what we had written. I 22 listening to others read their ‎ 如果我们愿意，可以分享所写内容（share）。我记得（22D remember）聆听其他人朗读作品时 work and thinking: “That will never be me. I’ll never have the 23 to do that.” ‎ 认为，“那从来不会是我，我也从不会有勇气朗读（23B courage）”‎ One day, I was really 24 with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart ‎ 一天，我真的自鸣得意我的所写，想分享（24C pleased）‎ was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those 25 little voices were ringing in my ear, ‎ 我举起手时，心在剧烈的跳。 那些（25B urgent ）小声音在我耳朵里骤然回响 ‎“You have a lisp, remember? 26 , your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about ‎ ‎“你有口吃，请得吗？(26A Besides而且 )而且你写的不怎么好。安静！” ‎ ‎ to 27 my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes. ‎ 当我就要放下手时，看到了Ms. Haist鼓励的眼神(27D withdraw 撤回)。‎ I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice 28 . I could hear it 29 as I ‎ 我忍受着那不屑的声音，发出我真实的的声音（28C come out）。‎ read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to ‎ 当我朗读的时候，我能听到声音在颤抖（29A shaking），还有每次的结巴和错误。读完了，‎ be laughed at. 30 , I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist. ‎ 等待着嘲笑。（30D Unexpectedly 没料到）没想到，听到了同学的掌声和Ms. Haist.的赞扬。‎ The next day, I did it 31 . Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. ‎ 第二天，再次朗读（31A again），之后几乎每天我都在朗读。‎ Gradually, I realized that 32 my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated ‎ 渐渐地，我认识到（32C despite 尽管）尽管我口齿不清，同学、老师还是 my writing. Now I may still not be the most 33 , social person, but I’ve become ‎ 欣赏我的写作的。现在我也许还不是最开朗的人（33B outgoing开朗的）‎ better at oral presentations. I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club. ‎ 但我在口头叙述上已经不错了。（34 A even甚至）我甚至在朗读俱乐部读我的诗作 Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the ‎ 每次那些窃窃私语都企图告诉我保持安静，但我想起同学的鼓励，‎ encouragement I received in class and I know that I 35 to be heard. ‎ ‎ 我就明白，我应当被聆听。‎ ‎16． A．embarrassment B．excitement C．humor D．silence ‎ ‎17． A．heard from B．talked of C．called on D．looked for ‎ ‎18． A．name B．opinion C．duty D．business ‎ ‎19． A．seen B．heard C．followed D．protected ‎ ‎20． A．disappeared B．returned C．developed D．changed ‎ ‎21． A．examine B．practice C．share D．copy ‎ ‎22． A．regret B．consider C．imagine D．remember 。‎ ‎23． A．time B．courage C．patience D．evidence ‎ ‎24． A．busy B．strict C．pleased D．disappointed ‎ ‎25． A．tired B．urgent C．funny D．cheerful ‎ ‎26． A．Besides B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Normally ‎ ‎27． A．touch B．wave C．extend D．withdraw ‎ ‎28． A．go down B．die away C．come out D．calm down ‎ ‎29． A．shaking B．singing C．shouting D．deepening ‎ ‎30． A．Sadly B．Hopefully C．Honestly D．Unexpectedly ‎ ‎31． A．again B．alone C．already D．anyway ‎ ‎32． A．thanks to B．instead of C．despite D．except ‎ ‎33． A．serious B．outgoing C．nervous D．hardworking ‎ ‎34． A．even B．still C．only D．seldom ‎ ‎35． A．fear B．agree C．deserve D．pretend ‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A When you choose a higher education course, here are some tips for you to follow. 这里准备了一些小窍门，供你选择高等教育课程参考。（tip 小窍门）‎ Choosing your course ‎ 选择你的课程 There are a range of subjects and courses available. Many are work-related; ‎ 有一系列学科和课程可供选择。 很多是工科的；‎ others are academic. You’ll need to look beyond the course title because courses ‎ 另一些是文科的，你不能仅仅看课程的名字， 因为很多课程 with almost the same name may differ enormously. For example, if you’re ‎ 名字几乎相同而内容大相径庭 例如， 如果你对 interested in construction but wish to use your creative skills, you may be better ‎ 建筑感兴趣，只想发挥你的创造性技能，（but 仅仅） 你最适合 suited to a building design management course than a building project ‎ 建筑设计管理课程 而非建筑项目管理课程 management course. ‎ Style of learning 学习方式 Think about the style of learning that best suits you. It’s important to study a ‎ 思考适合你的学习方式。 学习你最喜爱的科目特别重要，‎ subject that you particularly enjoy, but if you want to follow a career in a different ‎ ‎ 但是如果你想修不同领域的职业课，‎ area, you may consider taking the subjects you want to learn and joining them into ‎ ‎ 你可以选你想学和想纳入学位的课程 one degree. Many degree courses are made up of different subject modules which deal ‎ ‎ 很多学位课有不同的学科模块组成，且能迎合特色领域的兴趣。‎ with particular areas of interest. ‎ Choosing where to study 选择在哪里学习 Where you study can be almost as important as what you study. One thing to ‎ 选择在那里学习几乎和选择学什么一样重要。 一个问题需要 consider is whether you want to live at home or move away. For some people,‎ ‎ ‎ 考虑：宅在家里还是搬到外面学习 ，对于某些人来说，‎ ‎ living at home offers the best of both worlds, but it may make sense to move if ‎ 宅在家里比外面好。 ，‎ you want to study a particular course at a specific university or college. Many ‎ 如果你想在一个特色大学或学院学习特别的课程，在外面学习更能讲得通。‎ students value the experience of living on campus or in a different part of the ‎ 很多学生重视在校经历、在不同国家的经历作为大学生活的重要部分。‎ country as an important part of university life.‎ Finding out more about courses找出关于课程的更多信息 Once you’ve got a list of courses that appeal to you, it’s worth looking at some ‎ 一旦你列出对你有吸引力课程的清单，找一些关联他们根源信息，‎ other sources of information about them, like independent reports. These provide ‎ 也是有必要的，像一些独立报告。 这些报告 information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student ‎ 提供了完成课程的学生人数、满意度或更多的信息。‎ satisfaction and more. ‎ Open days 开放日 Open days usually take place in spring or autumn. Although you may have an ‎ 开放日大多在秋季。 虽然你对一门课有所 idea about what a course is like, there’s no substitute（替代）for attending a class ‎ 了解，但无法代替你亲自上一节课的效果。‎ yourself. If you can’t come on the open days, you can sign up for a guided tour ‎ ‎ 如果你开放日不能亲临，你可以报名参加有导游的浏览简介。‎ instead. ‎ ‎36．You need to look beyond the course title because courses with similar names may be ______. ‎ ‎ A．creativity-focused ‎ ‎ B．work-related ‎ ‎ C．far different ‎ ‎ D．quite similar ‎ ‎37．What are you advised to do if your interest disagrees with your future career? ‎ ‎ A．Add preferred subjects to your degree courses. ‎ ‎ B．Choose the subjects based on your interest. ‎ ‎ C．Earn different degrees. ‎ ‎ D．Give up your interest. ‎ ‎38．What do we learn about from Para. 4? ‎ ‎ A．Disadvantages of studying on campus. ‎ ‎ B．Reasons for choosing where to study. ‎ ‎ C．Importance of attending a nearby college. ‎ ‎ D．Problems of going to a faraway university. ‎ ‎39．Why is it recommended to check independent reports? ‎ ‎ A．To increase applicants’ interest. ‎ ‎ B．To better understand a course. ‎ ‎ C．To figure out how to complete a course. ‎ ‎ D．To find out how different the courses are. ‎ ‎40．On the open days, would-be college students can ______. ‎ ‎ A．sign up for a particular course ‎ ‎ B．take a guided tour on the campus ‎ ‎ C．see whether there is a substitute course ‎ ‎ D．have a first-hand experience of a course ‎ B With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay ‎ 带着会心的微笑，凯莎结束了她英语文章的最后一个句子 about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement. ‎ 她的文章是关于她心目中的一个英雄---罗莎.帕克斯---民权运动的重要任务。‎ ‎“Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “It’s almost 4:15.” ‎ ‎““凯莎”他妈妈从楼下喊她，“4:15了”‎ ‎“Don’t worry. I won’t be late. ” Keisha pulled down a storybook from her ‎ 别担心，我不会迟到 凯莎从书架上拿了一本故事书，‎ bookshelf，as she always read to the nursing home’s residents. And on an impulse ‎ 因为她总是为养老院的居民读故事。一时心血来潮，（一时心血来潮）, she added her English notebook as well. ‎ 也拿了她英文笔记 As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new ‎ 当凯莎跑来大门，（养老院）经理告诉她，“这周我们来了一个新居民 露比.温特森 resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. She’s still adjusting to her new ‎ 她正处在适应新环境阶段，你可以在28号房间看见她，‎ surroundings. You’ll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.” ‎ ‎ 顺便说一下，凯莎，祝你好运”‎ Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she ‎ 凯莎轻步经过走廊。当她进入28号房间， ‎ met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully. ‎ 遇到了两道棕色锐利疑惑的目光 ‎“I’m Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass ‎ ‎“我是凯莎.杰克逊，志愿者”凯莎解释道 the time with residents, or read to them, or, . . .” Keisha started stammering（结巴）‎ ‎“我来帮助（养老院居民）度过适应期，或为他们阅读，或者......”‎ as Mrs. Watson continued to stare at her. ‎ 怀特森夫人继续瞪着她，凯莎开始结巴了。‎ ‎“I didn’t request anyone to keep me company,” Mrs. Watson interrupted. “I’m ‎ ‎“我不需要任何人陪伴（keep company陪伴）” 怀特森夫人打断了她 alone most of the time, and that’s how I prefer it.”‎ ‎ “我大部分时间独处，那是我喜欢这样的方式。”‎ ‎“I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly. ‎ ‎“I’m not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else ‎ ‎“我对滑稽故事没兴致” 怀特森夫人生气地回答.“你还有别的事吗？”‎ do you have?” ‎ Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. She read the title aloud, ‎ 凯莎提心吊胆地打开她文章的笔记本。 她大声朗读题目 ‎“Rosa Parks: A Woman of Courage and Conviction（信念）.” She glanced at Mrs.‎ 罗莎.帕克斯：一个勇敢、信念坚定的女士 她瞥了一眼 ‎ Watson to see how she might react, but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face ‎ 怀特森夫人，看她怎样的反应，使她惊奇的是，怀特森夫人面色 relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said. ‎ 舒缓下来，双眼炯炯有神，怀特森夫人说“给我读罗莎”‎ Keisha read how Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a ‎ 凯莎读出了：1955年在公交车上拒绝给白人乘客让座，鼓舞人心，‎ bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for ‎ 致使抗议活动成了民权斗争的转折点。‎ civil rights. ‎ ‎“I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. 怀特森夫人自豪地说：“我和罗莎.帕克斯、马丁.路德.金并行而走”‎ ‎“That was the greatest moment of my life because…” She paused. ‎ ‎“那是我一生中最伟大的时刻 因为......”她暂停了一下 ‎“Because… you were a woman of courage and conviction too.” ‎ ‎“因为......你也是一位勇敢、信念坚定的女士”‎ Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for ‎ 怀特森夫人端坐起来，说“我曾经是，我（现在）仍然是，谢谢提醒我 reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell you my story.” ‎ 凯莎，下周二我愿意告诉你我的故事”‎ ‎41．Why did Keisha take her English notebook along? ‎ ‎ A．Her mother asked her to take it. ‎ ‎ B．She would hand it in on her way. ‎ ‎ C．She might read her essay to someone. ‎ ‎ D．The manager wanted to read her essay. ‎ ‎42．Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson? ‎ ‎ A．Mrs. Watson could be difficult. ‎ ‎ B．Mrs. Watson was in poor health. ‎ ‎ C．Keisha was feeling nervous. ‎ ‎ D．Keisha was a shy person. ‎ ‎43．Mrs. Watson’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was ______. ‎ ‎ A．amused ‎ ‎ B．puzzled ‎ ‎ C．annoyed ‎ ‎ D．interested ‎ ‎44．What effect did Keisha’s essay have on Mrs. Watson? ‎ ‎ A．It aroused her curiosity in volunteer work. ‎ ‎ B．It built up her expectation for more visitors. ‎ ‎ C．It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights. ‎ ‎ D．It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement. ‎ ‎45．Readers may find this story inspiring because ______. ‎ ‎ A．a girl enjoys learning about her heroes ‎ ‎ B．a girl helps someone feel appreciated ‎ ‎ C．a woman overcomes hardship by herself ‎ ‎ D．a woman gathers the courage for life ‎ C If you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You ‎ 如果你想朋友到家做客，你可以给他们指明道路。 你知道哪些 know the landmarks—a big red house or a bus-stop sign. But what if you were ‎ 标志-----一所大的红房子或者一个公交车站牌。 但要是游在大西洋里 swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Could you still find your way ‎ 又怎样你？你仍能找到回家的路吗？‎ home? A loggerhead turtle（海龟）could. ‎ ‎ 海龟就能。‎ According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic（磁力的）sense ‎ 据Dr. Ken Lohmann研究，红海龟基于地球磁场而有磁力感应 based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding ‎ ‎ 磁力感应帮助他们定位最佳你是地点和 food and their home beaches. ‎ ‎ 寄居的海滩。‎ Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees can detect（探测到）magnetic fields. 科学家已经知道另几种动物，像鲸鱼，蜜蜂也能探测磁场。‎ The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to ‎ 然而他们和红海龟不同的是，他们习得和应用磁力感应的方法不同。‎ use their magnetic sense.‎ ‎ Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs. 幼小的鲸鱼和幼小的蜜蜂能从成年的鲸鱼和蜜蜂学到技能。‎ ‎ 而红海龟还是卵蛋时就被抛弃了。‎ As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure ‎ 新生海龟不能从成年海龟那里学到什么，那么什么帮助了他们认知怎样应用 out how to use their magnetic sense? Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light ‎ ‎ 磁性感应的? Lohmann认为线索之一就是海上的灯光 on the sea. ‎ Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects ‎ 幼龟只在夜间孵化， 然而众多的小光点反射到海上，‎ off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Heading toward the light ‎ ‎ 灯光照亮了海域。 头朝灯光有助与海龟 helps them get quickly out to sea, where they can find food. Lohmann tested ‎ 迅速浮出海面，在那里找到食物。‎ whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic ‎ ‎“compasses”（罗盘）. ‎ 新生红海龟是否用这种光源设置他们的磁性“罗盘”呢？‎ He and his team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s. Lohmann和团队放一些新生龟于水箱里，并记录它们游动的方向。‎ They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go. ‎ 他们设置弱光于磁场之东，引导幼龟游动.‎ At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the ‎ 初始，幼龟朝着光亮游动。科学家关掉灯光之后 light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east. ‎ ‎ 在磁场之东看到光亮的海龟总是向着东方游动 When the researchers reversed（颠倒）the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new “east”. 当研究员颠倒磁场之后，这些海龟调转方向，向着新的“东方游去”‎ This and the follow-up experiments all showed that loggerheads use light from ‎ 这和跟踪实验都表明：红头龟用来自外界的灯光设置了它们的磁力“罗盘”‎ the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the ‎ 并且记住了这个“正确”方向。‎ ‎“correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage ‎ ‎ 如果海龟在明亮的海滩孵化， 那将不断地损害 its magnetic sense forever and make survival hard for the turtle. ‎ 它的磁力感应并使生存困难。‎ Lohmann’s work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species. ‎ Lohmann的实验，已经引起其他人去保护频域灭绝物种的栖息地。‎ Yet many questions about these creatures remain unanswered, and researchers ‎ have a lot to study. ‎ 然而关于这些生物的未解之谜，研究员仍要进行大量的研究。‎ ‎46．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they ______. ‎ ‎ A．bring up their young ‎ ‎ B．recognize landmarks ‎ ‎ C．detect magnetic fields 干扰项，海龟是set，设置磁场，而不是detect ‎ ‎ D．learn to find directions ‎ ‎47．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense? ‎ ‎ A．Weak light reflected off the ocean. 毫无疑问，无干扰项 ‎ B．Help from adult loggerheads. ‎ ‎ C．Bright sunlight from the sky. ‎ ‎ D．Food in warmer waters. ‎ ‎48．In the experiment, after the newborns’ magnetic sense was set, their moving direction ‎ was determined by ______. ‎ ‎ A．the light ‎ ‎ B．the magnetic field 毫无疑问，无干扰项 ‎ C．other unknown factors ‎ ‎ D．the light and the magnetic field ‎ ‎49．What is the significance of Lohmann’s research work? ‎ ‎ A．It enables researchers to keep track of turtles. ‎ ‎ B．It contributes to the studies of the magnetic field. ‎ ‎ C．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution. ‎ ‎ D．It helps protect the loggerheads’ living environment. 干扰项多，逐项排除 ‎50．What could be the best title of the passage? ‎ ‎ A．Experiments on Loggerheads 最大干扰项 ‎ B．The Survival of the Sea Turtle ‎ ‎ C．The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass” ‎ ‎ D．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other Animals ‎ D Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: (1) They are not trained in how to be creative. (2) They don’t understand group strength well enough to harness（驾驭）their power to maximize group creativity. ‎ 众人不擅长创造性解决问题原因二：他们在创造性方面没有受到培训；他们不明白群里群策足够驾驭他们的力量，致使群组创造性达到最大化。‎ A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. ‎ 创造力的一个关键因素是应用现有知识解决新问题。‎ The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. 人们越多地涉及创新地解决问题，就会有越多的知识被应有。‎ Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. 不幸的是，研究表明：传统的脑力风暴并不能如愿以偿达到目的 When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone. ‎ 当群组聚合交换解决方法时，他们实际上给出的方法不及单打独斗得出的方法多。‎ To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence（分散）and convergence（集中）. ‎ 针对这个问题，你应该考虑群组解决问题的两阶段：分散和集中。‎ Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. 分散产生(于第一阶段)：当群组认为有狠多潜在的解决方法存在时 Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem. ‎ 分散产生(于第二阶段)：对于当前各种方案被评估，并逐步缩小到一小套可行方案。‎ The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. 群组创造性的基本原则是：个人工作单打独斗；群组工作集思广益。‎ In groups, once a member states a potential solution, that makes others think about the problem similarly. 群组中一人陈述潜在的解决方案可使其他人产生类似解决方案。‎ That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone. 这就是 群组工作效率低于个人单独工作效率的原因所在。‎ Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, ‎ 因此，要意识到何时分散，何时集中。 例如，‎ early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. 解决问题的早期过程，让成员单独写下解决问题的描述 Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. 然后把他们集中回来，讨论他们的描述。‎ The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence. 群组讨论将引导每个人接受一个或少数个解决方案----这是有意的集中。‎ When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. ‎ 当快要开始形成解决方案是，你要再次想起集中。‎ Have people work alone to start. 使成员开始单独工作。‎ Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members.‎ 然后收集成员的最初想法并发送给其他成员，允许其他成员基于别人想法的基础上创新。‎ Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. 最后，让群组讨论结果方案。‎ This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions. 这个讨论将逐渐的引导群组把思想集中到一小套可行的方案上。‎ This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and ‎ groups do best方法.简单，高效运转，因为他巧妙的关注了个人的想法和群组的想法 ‎51．Research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods ______. ‎ ‎ A．actually limit group creativity ‎ ‎ B．greatly encourage group creativity ‎ ‎ C．enable people to form more ideas together ‎ ‎ D．prevent people’s involvement in the problems ‎ ‎52．According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to ______. ‎ ‎ A．think the other way round ‎ ‎ B．follow his way of thinking ‎ ‎ C．be more confident in their own ideas ‎ ‎ D．be less willing to share their own ideas ‎ ‎53．What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process? ‎ ‎ A．Discuss the problem. ‎ ‎ B．Simplify the problem. ‎ ‎ C．Put down group statements together. ‎ ‎ D．Write down their individual descriptions. ‎ ‎54．How can each group member make changes to his initial solution? ‎ ‎ A．By adding in collected evidence. ‎ ‎ B．By reorganizing his own words. ‎ ‎ C．By drawing on others’ ideas. ‎ ‎ D．By making his statement briefer. ‎ ‎55．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? ‎ ‎ A．To advocate a way to make group thinking more effective. ‎ ‎ B．To demonstrate the difficulty in organizing group thinking. ‎ ‎ C．To highlight the differences between divergence and convergence. ‎ ‎ D．To show the advantage of group thinking over individual thinking. ‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分 25 分） ‎ 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津。你在某网站的论坛上读到一位名为 Chris 的外国学生 发的帖子，得知他有意来中国的大学学习。请根据以下提示给 Chris 留言：‎ ‎（1）鼓励他来中国留学；‎ ‎（2）说明来华留学的好处（如：加深对中国的了解，对个人发展的益处等）；‎ ‎（3）表示愿意进一步提供帮助。‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1）词数不少于 100；‎ ‎（2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎（3）开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎