高考英语专题复习英语八类状语从句的用法归纳 8页

高考英语专题复习：英语八类状语从句的用法归纳 ‎ ‎ 一、概说 状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别，以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。‎ 种类 连接词 注意点 时间状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。‎ 地点状语 where, wherever 原因状语 because, as, since, now that because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。‎ 条件状语 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替 目的状语 so that, in order that, for fear that so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词 结果状语 so…that, such…that 比较状语 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more 方式状语 as if, as though, as as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。‎ 让步状语 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 二、时间状语从句 ‎1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。‎ ‎2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是：while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用 when；当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时，只能用 as。另外，用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A：‎ ‎“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”‎ A. As B. While C. Because D. If ‎3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词，表示相应动作结束的时间；在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到…才”。如：‎ He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。‎ I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。‎ ‎4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外，还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如：‎ I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。‎ Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她刚到就下起雪来了。‎ The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。‎ ‎5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 结尾的词语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。如：‎ Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。‎ He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。‎ By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家时她已睡觉了。‎ 三、条件状语从句 ‎1. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如：‎ Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。‎ If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。‎ As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你尽力，我们就满意了。‎ ‎2. in case 也可引导条件状语从句，其意为“如果”、“万一”。如：‎ In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。‎ 四、让步状语从句 ‎1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如：‎ The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。‎ He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下雨，他还是出去了。‎ ‎2. as 也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略 a / an。如：‎ Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。‎ ‎3. 连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：‎ While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。‎ ‎4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如：‎ Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。‎ Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。‎ 注：表示“虽然”的 though, although 不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet, still 连用。‎ ‎ 五、原因状语从句 ‎1. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等：‎ They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。‎ Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去，我也去。‎ Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。‎ ‎2. 除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外，when有时也可引导原因状语从句，其意“既然”。如：‎ I can’t tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。‎ ‎3. 有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点(from www.yygrammar.com)：‎ ‎(1) as 与 since, now that 一样表示双方都知道的原因，通常位于主句前，且均不可用于强调结构被强调。‎ ‎(2) 当表示直接的因果关系，回答 why 时，或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副词修饰时，或用在强调结构中都只能用 because。‎ ‎(3) for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。‎ ‎(4) 不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的 so 连用。‎ 六、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。如：‎ I’m not living where I was. 我不在原处住了。‎ You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。‎ Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。‎ ‎2. 有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多，误认为考试不会涉及，但恰恰相反，地点状语从句却是高考经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题：‎ ‎(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.‎ A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where ‎ ‎(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre. ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. when ‎ ‎(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again. ‎ A. when B. where C. then D. there ‎(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it. ‎ A. where B. when C. in which D. that ‎ 以上四题均选where，其意为“在…的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。‎ ‎ 七、目的状语从句 ‎1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：‎ I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。‎ Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。‎ He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习，是为了能通过考试。‎ ‎2. 引导目的状语从句的 so that 有时可省so 或 that，即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。如：‎ Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查，以便任何错误都可检查出。‎ Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。‎ 八、结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如：‎ He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来(from www.yygrammar.com)。‎ He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。‎ 注：so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。‎ ‎ 九、状语从句的省略 时间、地点、条件、让步、方式状语从句等的主语与主句主语相同时，有时可用省略形式。如：‎ He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework他在做着功课时睡著了。‎ Fill in a proper preposition where (it is) necessary. 在需要的地方填上适当的介词。‎ He will come if (he is) asked. 如果请他来，他会来的。‎ He won’t come unless (he is) invited. 他不会来，除非邀请他。‎ If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。‎ He is better, though (he is) not yet cured. 他好一点了, 虽仍未痊愈。‎ It usually happens as (it is) described above. 情况通常就像上面描述的那样发生了。‎ He glanced about as if (he was) in search of something. 他向周围望了一眼，仿佛在找寻什么。‎ He cleared his throat as if (he was) to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。‎ ‎ 十、状语从句考点精要 状语从句在高考单项填空题型中一直倍受青睐，是高考考查的重点项目之一。 根据状语从句的用途，将其高考考点分类归纳如下 :‎ 一、时间状语从句:常用来引导时间状语从句的关联词有as,when,whenever,while（当。。。。。。的时候）,before,after,till,until（直到。。。。。。为止）,as soon as（一。。。。就。。。。）等。‎ ‎［考例1］A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ____ here aches the end of the story.(2003上海高考) A.when B.unless C.after D.until ‎ ‎［考例2］Come and see me whenever ____.(2003北京高考)A.you are convenient B.you’llbe convenient C.it is convenient to you D.it will be convenient to you ‎ ‎［考例3］He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.(2003北京高考) ‎ A.until B.when C.before D.as ‎ 某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如directly,immediately,the instant,the moment,the minute（一。。。。就。。。。。。）,the day,the ‎ year,each /every time（每当）,next time,the first(second,last)time,by the time等。‎ ‎［考例4］-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes,I gave it to her ____ I saw her.(2001北京、内蒙古、安徽春招) ‎ A. while B. the moment 　　C. suddenly D. once ‎ 二、地点状语从句常用来引导地点状语从句的关联词有where,wherever等。（go/put/put up/play/lay/live/stay/leave/grow up）‎ ‎［考例5］The famous scientist grew up ____ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(2002上) when B.whenever C.where D.wherever ‎ 三、原因状语从句常用来引导原因状语从句的关联词有because,as,since,now that等。‎ ‎［考例6］____ you've got a chance,you might as well make full use of it.(NMET1999) ‎ A. Now that B. After 　　 C. Although D. As soon as ‎ ‎[考例7]The Italian boy was regarded as a hero ____ he gave his life for his country.(MET1985) ‎ A. according to B. because of 　 C. on account of D. because ‎ ‎［考例8］We had better hurry ____ it is getting dark.(MET1984) ‎ A. and B. but C. as D. unless ‎ 四、结果状语从句：常用来引导结果状语从句的关联词有that, so(that),so...that, such...that等。‎ ‎［考例9］We were in ____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海高考) ‎ A. a rush so anxious 　B. a such anxious rush 　C. so an anxious rush 　D. such an anxious rush ‎ 五、目的状语从句：常用来引导目的状语从句的关联词有that, so that, in order that, in case等。从句的谓语常由"can／could，may／might＋动词原形"构成，有时也用"shall／should，will／would＋动词原形"。‎ ‎［考例10］Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report ____ her boss could read it first the next morning.(2003安徽春招) ‎ A. so that B. because 　C. before D. or else ‎ 六、条件状语从句：常用来引导条件状语从句的关联词有if, unless , when(如果),suppose, supposing, given that（假如；假使）, in case that （万一）,on condition that, as /so long as（只要）等。［考例11］____ I know the money is safe,I shall not worry about it.(2003北京高考) A. Even though B.Unless 　　C.As long as D.While ‎ ‎［考例12］Don't be afraid of asking for help ____ it is needed.(NMET2003) ‎ A. unless B. since 　　 C. although D. when ‎ ‎［考例13］I would appreciate it ____ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.(2003上海春招) A. until B. if C. when D. that ‎ ‎［考例14］You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.(2001上海春招) ‎ A. even if B. as though 　C. as long as D. unless ‎ ‎［考15］I shall stay in the hotel all day ____ there is news of the missing child.(2000上海春招) ‎ A. in case 　　 B. no matter 　　 C. in any case 　 D. ever since ‎ 七、让步状语从句常用来引导让步状语从句的关联词有though, although, as（虽然）, while，even if／though（即使）, whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whether...or...,no matter who; （无论。。。）等。‎ ‎［考例16］-Dad, I've finished my assignment. ‎ ‎-Good, and ____ you play or watch TV, you mustn't disturb me.‎(2003上海高考) ‎ A. whenever B. whether 　 C. whatever D. no matter ‎ ‎［考例17］Mr. Hall understands that ____ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.(2003安徽春招) A. unless B. since 　 C. although D. when ‎ ‎［考例18］We'll have to finish the job,____.(NMET1999) A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes ‎ 八、方式状语从句常用来引导方式状语从句的关联词有as（按照；像。。。。一样）as if /though（似乎；好象）‎ 九、比较状语从句as...as, not so/as...as, than等。‎ ‎［考例19］John plays football ____,if not better than, David.(NMET1994) ‎ A. as well B. as well as 　　 C. so well D. so well as ‎ 练习 ‎2007高考题 ‎1. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens. [2007 全国卷I]‎ ‎ A. unless B. whether C. because D. while ‎2. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. [2007 全国卷I]‎ ‎ A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with ‎ C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with ‎3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. [2007 全国卷II] ‎ A. If B. Since C. Though D. When ‎4. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. [2007 上海卷]‎ ‎ A. as B. that C. which D. where ‎5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. [2007 上海卷]‎ ‎ A. though B. before C. until D. if ‎6. ________ I really don’t like art, Ifind his work impressive. [2007 山东卷]‎ A．As B．Since C．If D．While ‎ ‎7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. [2007 安徽卷]‎ ‎ A. after B. before C. since D. when ‎8. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day[2007 北京卷]‎ A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case ‎9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. [2007 福建卷] A. when B. which C. that D. where ‎10. You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. [2007 福建卷]‎ A.before B.once C.until D.though ‎11. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. [2007 湖南卷]‎ ‎ A. why B. how C. unless D. where ‎ ‎12. He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could receover and retum to work. [2007 江西卷]‎ ‎ A.when B.before C.since D.that ‎13. there is a snowstorm or some other bad weal. her, the mail always comes on time. [2007 上海春]‎ ‎ A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless ‎14. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. [2007 上海春]‎ ‎ A．However the weather is like B．However is the weather like ‎ C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like ‎15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson. [2007 天津卷]A. until B. after C. since D. when ‎ ‎16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. [2007 浙江卷]‎ ‎ A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that ‎ ‎17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out. [2007 重庆卷]‎ A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that ‎18. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table. [2007 辽宁卷]‎ A. since B. although C. until D. before ‎2008高考题 ‎（全国I卷）31. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?‎ ‎—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.‎ A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that ‎（安徽卷）31. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.‎ ‎ -----Ok, ______ you make it short.‎ ‎ A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time ‎（安徽卷）26. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.‎ ‎ A. why B. where C. which D. that ‎（福建卷）28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. when D. where ‎（湖南卷）33. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.‎ A. If B. While C. Because D. As ‎（山东卷）22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.‎ A. though B. for C. but D. so ‎（山东卷）31. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.‎ A. even if B. which C. where D. so that ‎（辽宁卷）28. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.‎ A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However ‎（辽宁卷）32. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.‎ A. once B. when C. since D. although ‎(全国II)7. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.‎ A. once B. because C. if D. unless ‎(四川卷)6. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.‎ ‎ A. when B. until C. that D. where ‎（浙江卷）16. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.‎ A. whether B. after C. how D. unless ‎（北京卷）23. —Did you return Fred’s call?‎ ‎ —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. though B. unless C. when D. because ‎（北京卷）34. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.‎ A. before B. since C. till D. after ‎（天津卷）1. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.‎ ‎ A. since B. if C. unless D. until ‎(上海卷)31. ---Are you ready for Spain？     --Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young. A. while B. until C. if D. before ‎(上海卷)40.  ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although ‎07: 1-5 ABABD 6-10 DBDDB 11-15 CBDDA 16 -18 CCB ‎08: BCBCB BCDBD ADDAC AA