高考英语虚拟语气专题复习讲解练习 5页

专题九虚拟语气composed by：石老师 ‎ ‎9—1 命题趋势分析 虚拟语气是英语学习中的一个难点，测试内容涉及到以下几个方面：‎ ‎1．在含非真实条件句的主从句中的应用；‎ ‎2．在其他各种从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句及定语从句）中的应用。‎ ‎9—2考点知识精讲 语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语动词有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。‎ 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，它用来表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、命令或是与事实相反的假设。虚拟语气可以用于if引导的非真实条件句及其他一些从句中。‎ 考点一、虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的应用 非真实条件句表示不大可能或不可能发生或实现的假设，句中的条件从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其形式如下：‎ if虚拟条件句 主 句 与现在事实相反的假设 If+主语+动词的过去式 ‎（be动词用were）‎ 主+should /would / could /might + 动词原形 与过去事实相反的假设 If+主语+had+过去分词 主+should /would / could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设 ‎①If+主语+ 动词过去式 ‎②If + 主语 + were to + 动词原形 ‎③If + 主语 + should + 动词原形 主+should /would / could /might + 动词原形 ‎▲使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1.错综时间条件句 当条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，主从句的谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。‎ ‎2.含蓄条件句 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。常见的有but for , without等引导的短语，以及or, or else , otherwise, but等后面的分句。‎ ‎3.省略连词if采用倒装的非真实条件句 if虚拟条件句中如果有should,had或were时，可以省略if，而将should,had或were提到主语之前，也就是主谓要倒装。‎ 考点二、虚拟语气在其他一些从句中的用法 ‎1.用于主语从句 It is /was important (necessary , essential, impossible, natural, unthinkable, strange,surprising , etc.)that...‎ 主语 +‎ ‎ (should)+ 动词原形 ‎ It is /was a pity (a shame , an honour, a surprise, no wonder , etc.)that...‎ It is /was suggested (requested, required , ordered , proposed , decided , etc.)that...‎ ‎2.用于宾语从句 在wish后的宾语从句中 ‎“had+过去分词”（表示过去的主观愿望）‎ ‎“过去式（be 的过去式为were)”(表示现在的主观愿望)‎ ‎“would/could+动词原形”(表示将来不太可能实现的愿望)‎ 在would rather后的宾语从句中 ‎“过去式”（表示现在或将来要做的事情。）‎ ‎“had+过去分词”（谈到过去的动作）‎ 动词insist , ‎ order,command, ‎ advise , suggest , ‎ propose ,demand , ‎ desire,request , ‎ require等后面的宾语从句中(“一坚持”、“二命令”、“三建议”、“四 要 求”)‎ ‎“should+动词原形”‎ ‎（should可以省略）‎ 注意：‎ ‎① insist 表示“坚持认为，固执己见”时，突出真实想法，用陈述语气。‎ ‎② suggest 表示“表明”、“暗示”时，说明真实感受，用陈述语气。‎ ‎3. 用于表语从句、同位语从句 表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的表语从句中 常见的这类名词有：advice 建议 demand 强烈要求 order 命令 insistence坚持、主张 desire 心愿 requirement 要求 request 请求 proposal 建议 suggestion 建议 command 命令 decision 决定 ‎( should )+ 动词原形 表示“决定”、“主张”、“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词相对应的名词构成的同位语从句中 as if , as though引导的表语从句中 ‎"过去式”（表示与现在事实相反的情况）‎ ‎ “had+过去分词”（表示与过去事实相反的情况）‎ ‎4.用于状语从句 as if , as though , even if,even though引导的状语从句 ‎“过去式(be的过去式为were )”(表示与现在事实相反)‎ ‎“had+过去分词”(表示与过去事实相反)‎ ‎（注意：如果as if 从句动作发生的可能性大，从句用陈述语气；如果可能性小，从句用虚拟语气）‎ lest , for fear that, in case等引导的目的状语从句 ‎（should）+动词原形 so that, in order that等引导的目的状语从句 can , could+动词原形或may , might +动词原形 ‎ ‎5.用于定语从句 ‎ It is (high)‎ time that ‎①“过去式”‎ ‎②“ should + 动词原形”(should 不能省略)‎ ‎6.虚拟语气用于if only句型中 在if only引导的感叹句中，通常要用虚拟语气。if only的意思是“若是...那该多好啊；真希望...；只要...就好”。若与现在事实相反用过去式，若与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ ‎9—3 高考真题演练 ‎1. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.‎ A. lies B. lay ‎ C. had lain D. should lie ‎2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.‎ A. has B. had ‎ C. will have D. had had ‎3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired A. drove; didn’t get ‎ B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get ‎ D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got ‎4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will ‎5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring ‎ C. referred D. refer ‎6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____.‎ A. breaks B. has broken ‎ C. were broken D. had been broken ‎7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him.‎ A. on him to go; should be ‎ B. he went; be C. he go; was ‎ D. he should to; is ‎8.—Your aunt invites you to the movies today ‎—I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told ‎ C. would tell D. had told ‎9.—Would you have called her up had it been possible ‎—Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were ‎ C. had been D. would be ‎10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet A. would have taken part in ‎ B. took part in C. had taken part in ‎ D. would take part in ‎11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for ‎ B. If it were not C. If it had not been for ‎ D. Were it not for ‎12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented ‎ B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent ‎ D. were, would have prevented ‎13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he worked ‎ C. Should he work D. Were he to work ‎14. ____today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leave B. If he had left ‎ C. Did he to leave D. Had he left ‎15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now.‎ A. are B. were ‎ C. would be D. would have been ‎16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come ‎ C. come D. had come ‎17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.‎ A. was, had helped ‎ B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped ‎ D. were, would have helped ‎18. If it for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb ‎ B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed ‎ D. hadn’t been, could climb ‎19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is B. will be ‎ C. would have been D. would be ‎20. —I am going to tell her the news ‎ —I would as soon you _____her about it A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell ‎ C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell ‎21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home A. stayed B. could stay ‎ C. has stayed D. stay ‎22. It was requested that the play ____again A. should put on B. would put on ‎ C. be put on D. put on ‎23. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.‎ ‎—Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.‎ A. must B. mustn't ‎ C. should D. shouldn't ‎24. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______‎ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy ‎ ‎25. If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.‎ A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow ‎ ‎26. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.‎ A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told ‎ ‎27.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.‎ A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused ‎28.If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. ‎ A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken ‎29.—The weather has been very hot and dry.‎ ‎ —Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .‎ A. wouldn't die B. didn't die www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing ‎30．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .‎ A．would have been saved ‎ B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved 二、句型转换 ‎ ‎1.It is necessary for college students to master at least one foreign language. ‎ It is necessary 　　　　　　college students 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　at least one foreign language. ‎ ‎2.Without sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals. ‎ ‎　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals. ‎ ‎3.She insisted on translating the sentence this way. ‎ She insisted that the sentence 　　　　 　‎ ‎　　 　　　　　 　　　this way. ‎ ‎4.The students suggested going there on foot. ‎ The students suggested 　　　 　　‎ ‎　　　　　 there on foot. ‎ ‎5.She suggested that we should go to his help. ‎ ‎　　　　　 　　　　　　　　is that we 　　　　　　　to his help. ‎ ‎6.Lucy didn't come to class today because she didn't feel well. ‎ ‎　 　she well, she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to class today. ‎ ‎7.I don't know French, so I can't talk to the French friends. ‎ If I 　　　　　　　French, I could talk to the French friends. ‎ ‎8.He didn't take his parents' advice and he is not a college student now. ‎ If he 　 　　 　　his parents' advice, he 　 　　　　 a college student now. ‎ ‎9.The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work. ‎ I couldn't 　　 　　　　 　　the work 　　 　　the professor's help.‎ 一、1—5 C B D B C 6—10 C C B A A ‎ ‎11—15 D A B A C 16—20 D B C D A ‎21—25 D C CAC 26—30DBBDA 二、1. that；should master ‎ ‎2. If there were no ‎ ‎3. should be translated ‎ ‎4. they/we go ‎ ‎5. Her suggestion ; go ‎6. Had ; felt ; could have come ‎ ‎7. knew ‎ ‎8. had followed ; would be ‎ ‎9. have finished ;without