高考英语全国卷I 听力分析报告 9页

‎2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力分析与启示 ‎2018年高考英语全国卷I听力部分全面考查了学生在真实语境中理解、获取信息以及运用信息的能力，难度适中。材料话题广泛，语言地道，信息点丰富，题目及选项设置灵活。特别是词汇的使用上，灵活创新，值得关注。本套试卷的听力主播是美音，总词数888词，比去年减少50词。‎ 1. 近5年全国卷I听力考点对比分析 考点年份 ‎2014‎ ‎2015‎ ‎2016‎ ‎2017‎ ‎2018‎ 具体信息 ‎10‎ ‎11‎ ‎9‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ 推理判断 ‎8‎ ‎8‎ ‎9‎ ‎11‎ ‎10‎ 主旨大意 ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ 观点态度 ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎2018年听力测试所设计的考点与2017年高考反映的趋势相同，即改变以往事实细节类具体信息题目居多的印象，加大推理判断类题目的考查，符合真实的听力场景，听懂细节的同时，也应能够对听到的信息进行简单加工，作出合理推断，“根据所听内容推断得出相关信息的能力是听力理解能力的重要构成部分。”同时也加大了听力试题的区分度，利于选拔优秀人才。‎ 启示：今后的教学训练中，应有意识地加大简单推理能力的训练，能作出合理预测，会进行简单运算。‎ 1. 近5年全国卷I听力话题对比分析 年份/章节 第一节(Txt)‎ 第二节(Txt)‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎5‎ ‎6‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ ‎9‎ ‎10‎ ‎2014‎ 问路 搭车 准备报告 读书 天气 拒绝 看电影 纽约出差 面试 大城市与小县城生活比较 ‎2015‎ 赶火车 谈天气 参加会议 选择课程 希望对方关掉收音机 度假旅行 餐馆就餐 准备报告身体不适 住房租房 伦敦茶叶贸易中心 ‎2016‎ 生日礼物 求助 解决矛盾 餐馆点餐 是否开窗 暑期工作 毕业计划 酒店预订 周末计划 美国大学毕业生求职状况 ‎2017‎ 看电影 出国旅行 准备聚餐 ‎ 图书馆 网上查询火车 问路 餐馆点餐 预约谈话 出国工作 干旱酷热天气 ‎2018‎ 看电视 购物 赶火车 步行上班 课堂请假 重返学业 旅行 就餐 租房 知识改变人生 近五年听力话题高度重复，集中在衣食住行学习生活。听力话题围绕学生，特别是中学生的认知世界展开，比如看电视、请假、就餐、旅行等，特别是有四篇材料都谈到了学校、学习，突出了学习的意义和价值，是对学生世界观、价值观的引领。‎ 启示：新高考，立德树人是重要任务，听力部分同样可以渗透人文关怀与精神引领；新高考下的英语测试，不再是单纯的语言知识测试，而是注重于真实场景下语言的正确使用，特别是恰当表达与地道词汇的使用，是今年高考题的新亮点与新趋势。关注听力训练与教学中的词汇教学，已成为当务之急。备考中，利用话题的集中性，熟悉相关情景话题词汇、句式、表达，并加以针对性练习。多熟悉常用词，不回避生僻词。‎ 2. 逐题分析 Text 1 ‎ W: James, you’ve been watching TV for the whole evening. What’s on?‎ M: It’s a science program on the origin of the universe. I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.‎ ‎1. What will James do tomorrow? ‎ A. Watch a TV program.‎ B. Give a talk.‎ C. Write a report.‎ ‎【解析】事实细节题。根据男士的话“I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.”‎ 可知，男士明天要在课堂上作演讲，故选B。‎ 关键难词：presentation 启示：加强地道场景词汇的有效累积。Give a presentation是英美课堂上的常见场景，如考生不了解该词汇，理解就会有困难，更谈不上与talk的有效转化。‎ Text 2 ‎ M: Hello, do you have “The Best of Mozart”?‎ W: Um, sorry, we’ve just sold out. But we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we’ll call you when the CD arrives.‎ ‎2. What can we say about the woman?‎ A. She’s generous.‎ B. She’s curious.‎ C. She’s helpful.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据女士的话“But we can order one for you. If you give us your number, we will call you when the CD arrives.”可知，女士帮男士预订唱片，等唱片到货就联系他，从而判断女士是爱帮助人的，故选C。‎ 理解难词：“The Best of Mozart”《莫扎特音乐精选集》‎ 启示：（1）学生需了解一些西方知名的文学家、音乐家、画家等优秀人物，对西方文化的了解是学生跨文化交际能力的有效前提。（2）与人打交道是听力常考话题，人与社会是修订课标的三大主题之一，是需要重点训练的主题。‎ Text 3 ‎ W: We’d better be going now, or we’ll be late for the train.‎ M: No rush. It’s 8:30 now. We still have two hours.‎ ‎3. When does the train leave?‎ A. At 6:30.‎ B. At 8:30.‎ C. At 10:30.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。简单的数字推算。根据男士的话“It’s 8:30 now. We still have two hours.”可知，现在是八点半，他们还有两个小时，从而计算出火车是十点半发车，故选C。‎ 理解难词：No rush.‎ 启示：听力前五题中的推理计算都相对简单一些，听清楚基准数据信息很重要。‎ Text 4 ‎ M: I am so tired of driving all those hours to work.‎ W: Yeah. I know what you mean. I used to drive two hours to work each way. But now, I live within walking distance of my office. I don’t even need a bike.‎ ‎4. How does the woman go to work?‎ A. By car.‎ B. On foot.‎ C. By bike.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据女士的话“But now, I live within walking distance of my office. I don’t even need a bike.”可知，女士住在工作单位附近，步行就可到达办公室，甚至都不需要骑自行车，故选B。‎ 关键难词：within walking distance.‎ 启示：衣食住行均为听力常见考查内容，需加强对此类场景的常见表达积累。‎ Text 5 ‎ W: Hi, Andy. I didn’t see you in Professor Smith’s class yesterday. What happened? ‎ M: Well, I had a headache. So, I called him and asked for sick leave.‎ ‎5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Classmates.‎ B. Teacher and student.‎ C. Doctor and patient.‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据女士的话“I didn’t see you in Professor Smith’s class yesterday.”和男士的话“So, I called him and asked for sick leave.”可知，两人的关系可能是同班同学，故选A。‎ 判断关系时，注意说话者之间打招呼的方式以及彼此的称呼。‎ 关键难词：ask for sick leave 启示：（1）请假、度假、放假，假假不同。需要引导学生关注类似汉语表达下的英文地道表达是什么。（2）请假是常见的学生活动，高考侧重于考查从学生特别是中学生的认知角度所了解的世界。‎ Text 6 ‎ W: The biggest mistake I made, uh…was leaving college in my last year and not completing my education. So, I’m thinking of going back to school.‎ M: School? To study what? ‎ W: Ecology. I’m interested in the relationship between humans and nature.‎ M: Cool. Is it what you studied years ago?‎ W: No, I majored in chemistry then.‎ ‎6. What does the woman regret? ‎ A. Giving up her research.‎ B. Dropping out of college.‎ C. Changing her major.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。根据女士的话“The biggest mistake I made, uh…was leaving college in my last year and not completing my education.”可知，女士很后悔从大学辍学，故选B。‎ 关键难词：leave college 启示：听力材料中的leave college和选项中的drop out of college都是关键词，考查学生熟词生义。‎ ‎7. What is the woman interested in studying now? ‎ A. Ecology.‎ B. Education.‎ C. Chemistry.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。根据男士的话“To study what? ”和女士的回答“Ecology. I’m interested in the relationship between humans and nature.”可知，女士现在对生态学感兴趣，故选A。‎ 理解生词：ecology 启示：人与自然是本材料渗透的主题，也是修订课标的三大主题之一。‎ Text 7 ‎ M: Good morning, madam. I am your guide for this trip.‎ W: How lovely! Could you tell me about the hotel I’m going to stay at?‎ M: Yes, of course. The Grand Hotel opened in 1990. And it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway. It is the most beautiful hotel here.‎ W: That sounds great.‎ M: And there are some restaurants outside. So, at dinnertime, you’d have a lot of choices.‎ W: That’s really nice. I like to have some local foods while traveling. What about the scenery around it?‎ M: The hotel has the best views of the Pacific Ocean.‎ W: Oh, I think I will love this hotel.‎ ‎8. What is the man?‎ A. A hotel manager.‎ B. A tour guide.‎ C. A taxi driver.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。根据男士的话“I am your guide for this trip.”可知，男士的身份是导游，故选B。‎ 关键难词：guide 启示：guide一词从听的角度是难词，但幸运的是，选项B中出现了该原词，所以启示我们一是听前的浏览预习环节很必要，二是不要纠结于上一题是否做对，应及时转入下一题。‎ ‎9. What is the man doing for the woman?‎ A. Looking for some local foods.‎ B. Showing her around the seaside.‎ C. Offering information about a hotel.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据女士的话“Could you tell me about the hotel I’m going to stay at?”和男士的话“Yes, of course.”以及他后面给出的信息可知，男士为女士提供了关于这个宾馆的情况，故选C。‎ 地道表达：it sits on the seaside…‎ 理解难词：scenery, view 启示：口语中的地道英文表达需要关注，阅读高水平的听力原文材料是积累此类表达的有效途径。‎ Text 8 ‎ W: Hi, Mike.‎ M: Hi, Alice. Nice to see you. You don’t often come here. ‎ W: I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here for a change today.‎ M: The environment here is good — clean and relatively quiet.‎ W: Yeah, and I heard the food is tasty. By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?‎ M: Yes, are you?‎ W: Yeah. Catherine was supposed to go with me. But she may have to work extra hours tomorrow. Do you know anyone who might like to go?‎ M: No. But if you like, I can ask around. Uh, Joan might want to go.‎ W: Oh, yes. She’s a great fan of classical music. I’ll give her a ring after lunch.‎ ‎10. Where does the conversation probably take place?‎ A. In an office.‎ B. At home.‎ C. At a restaurant.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据女士的话“I usually have fast food delivered to my office. Just came here for a change today.”和“Yeah, and I heard the food is tasty.”可知，对话发生的地点可能是餐馆，故选C。‎ 理解难词：deliver 启示：民以食为天，食是高考听力的重要考查方面，与食有关的餐馆信息、订餐、食物评价等均为热点话题。‎ ‎11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?‎ A. Go to a concert.‎ B. Visit a friend.‎ C. Work extra hours.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。根据女士的话“By the way, are you going to the concert tomorrow evening?”和男士的回答“Yes, are you?”以及接下来女士的回答“Yeah.”可知，他们明天要去听音乐会，故选A。‎ 理解难词：be supposed to 启示：听音乐会、参观博物馆、看比赛等是业余文化生活的重要活动，提醒学生们关注相关表达。‎ ‎12. Who is Alice going to call?‎ A. Mike.‎ B. Joan.‎ C. Catherine.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。根据男士的话“Uh, Joan might want to go.”以及女士的话“I’ll give her a ring after lunch.”可知，女士接下来会给Joan打电话，故选B。‎ 关键难词：work extra hours 启示：约会是常见的生活场景，表达某人有空或没空，不一定要用free或busy，应多掌握一些类似于work extra hours的多样化表达。‎ Text 9 ‎ W: Hi, I’ve only just arrived.‎ M: Oh, good. Now, here are the keys. Let’s go in. There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right. Do come in.‎ W: Thank you. I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn’t it?‎ M: Yes, and this apartment is in good condition. Here is your lounge.‎ W: Where would we eat?‎ M: There is this corner here, or you can use your kitchen. Come and see.‎ W: The kitchen is quite small.‎ M: Yes, but it has everything — cooker, fridge, even a dishwasher.‎ W: And there are lots of cupboards.‎ M: Let me show you the bedrooms. This is the smaller one.‎ W: It’s a good size, though.‎ M: Now come into the other bedroom. You can see the bathroom, too.‎ W: Yes. It is very nice, but I will have to ask my friend first. And we will come together. I understand it is $800 a month. ‎ M: Yes, but a few blocks downtown would be much more expensive.‎ W: Well, thank you. I will be in touch.‎ ‎13. Why does the woman meet the man?‎ A. To look at an apartment.‎ B. To deliver some furniture.‎ C. To have a meal together.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据男士的话“There are two apartments. The one for rent is on the right.”以及后面说话双方谈到租金价格可知，女士来见男士是为了看一间出租的公寓，故选A。‎ 关键难词：rent 启示：安居方可乐业，衣食住行作为生活的基本构成部分，长期受到听力考查的青睐。买房、卖房、租房、收拾房间、购买家具等话题均需熟练掌握。‎ ‎14. What does the woman like about the carpet?‎ A. Its color.‎ B. Its design.‎ C. Its quality.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。根据女士的话“I like the carpet. The color is nice, isn’t it?”可知，女士很喜欢这个地毯的颜色，故选A。‎ 理解难词：lounge 启示：lounge作为客厅的表达方式，不同于学生熟悉的living room。应加强重点场景的多元词汇积累。‎ ‎15. What does the man say about the kitchen?‎ A. It’s a good size.‎ B. It’s newly painted.‎ C. It’s adequately equipped.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据男士的话“but it has everything — cooker, fridge, even a dishwasher.”可知，男士觉得这间厨房虽然小，但该有的家电一样都不少，配备很完善，故选C。‎ adequately不在3500大纲词汇内，但是adequate的派生词，该词在听力材料中不常用。‎ 关键难词：adequately equipped 启示：此处听力原文表述并不难理解，但选项为学生不太熟悉的词汇。提示我们关注考纲中相对较生僻的词汇及其词形变化。‎ ‎16. What will the woman probably do next?‎ A. Go downtown.‎ B. Talk with her friend.‎ C. Make payment.‎ ‎【解析】 推理判断题。根据女士的话“but I will have to ask my friend first.”可知，女士接下来要和自己的朋友谈一谈，故选B。‎ 理解难词：block 启示：What will the man/woman probably do next是常见的推理判断类设问方式，基于原文的描述作出简单推理。‎ Text 10 ‎ Thank you very much. Thank you, Dr. Johnson. Well, it is really great to be back at university again. The thing that I wanted to tell you today is this: Education is important. When I came to the US, I was only thinking about being a carpenter, but I could not read the newspaper. And I could not understand the news on television or movies or anything like this. So, I entered the city college to take English classes for foreign students. I was very proud that I was going to a college because no one in my family ever went to any college or to any university. You know, when you’re 15 years old in my country, you finish school and then you learn a trade. And that’s exactly what I did. When I was 15 years old, I learned how to be a carpenter. A year later, I came to America. Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes, and history classes, and I became a full-time college student. And today, when I look back, I’m so happy because you never know where life will take you. All of a sudden, I started making money because I was really good at math. You know, how to work out everything with math is so important. This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well. ‎ ‎17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?‎ A. Movie fans.‎ B. News reporters.‎ C. College students.‎ ‎【解析】推理判断题。根据讲述者的话“Well, it is really great to be back at university again.”以及后面讲述自己如何接受教育、自己的生意如何得益于教育等可知，讲述者在给大学生讲话，故选C。‎ 标志词汇：Thank you.‎ 启示：从材料的开篇用语可以看出这是典型的演讲模式。演讲、采访中的大段自述都是独白的重要材料来源。TED演讲等是日常的很好的训练素材。‎ ‎18. When did the speaker take English classes?‎ A. Before he left his hometown.‎ B. After he came to America.‎ C. When he was 15 years old.‎ ‎【解析】 事实细节题。讲述者说自己到美国后，看不懂报纸、电影等，因此他开始上英语课学习英语，故选B。 ‎ 理解难词：carpenter 启示：俗语说，三百六十行，行行出状元。不同行业的职业名称应当属于日常英语的掌握范畴。‎ ‎19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?‎ A. He’s proud.‎ B. He’s sympathetic.‎ C. He’s grateful.‎ ‎【解析】 情感态度题。根据讲述者的话“Luckily, I met a very good teacher who encouraged me to take some math classes, business classes, and history classes, and I became a full-time college student.”可知，由于他碰到好的老师，他才成为全日制大学生。他的言语中充满了对老师的感激之情，故选C。‎ 关键难词：sympathetic，grateful 启示：材料原文并不难，但选项中的两个关键词都有一定难度。再次重申，熟练掌握考纲词汇，特别是不能放过相对生僻词汇及其词形变化。‎ ‎20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?‎ A. How education shaped his life.‎ B. How his language skills improved.‎ C. How he managed his business well.‎ ‎【解析】 主旨大意题。讲述者一开始就点明了主题“The thing that I wanted to tell you today is this: Education is important.”然后讲述了教育如何改变了自己的人生，故选A。‎ 理解难词：shape 启示：教育改变人生是本题的人文渗透，是走进社会的阶梯，个体的修养与社会的生涯要求应当是相符的。人与社会是修订课标三大主题之一。‎ 注：单题分析和分析报告是由不同的老师撰写的，所以在对试题的考点是事实细节还是推理判断方面，看的角度不一样，这些都是可以理解的。‎