高考阅读填空七选五选答题技巧及练习 11页

阅读填空七选五答题技巧及练习 ‎　　‎ ‎　　 高考英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。‎ ‎        一、解题步骤 ‎    1、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。‎ ‎     在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。‎ ‎    2、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。‎ ‎     文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。‎ 在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空各自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。‎ ‎     重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。‎ ‎    3、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。‎ ‎     ‎ 在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。‎ ‎     一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。‎ ‎    4、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。‎ ‎     在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。‎ ‎    5、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。‎ ‎     尽管答案都已经确定，但是为了避免失误，对多余的选项进行进一步的研究，确定它们和文章的主题和前后句意没有关联性之后，才是最终的结果。‎ ‎    二、解题技巧 ‎    技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断---因果关系 ‎     在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有As a result结果------，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此------以至于等。‎ ‎    技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断---转折关系 ‎     转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还；然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则；除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，‎ as well也等。‎ ‎    技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断---例证关系 ‎     前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。‎ ‎    技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断---递进关系 ‎     递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的)；, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地；也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。‎ ‎    技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断---平列关系 ‎     表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点)；其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等 ‎    技巧六：从词汇线索上判断---代词 ‎     英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。‎ ‎    技巧七：从词汇线索上判断---同义词/近义词 ‎     英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。‎ ‎    技巧八：从词汇线索上判断---上下义词/同一范畴词 ‎     上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。‎ ‎    技巧九：从试题位置上判断---问题在段首　　‎ ‎     ‎ 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。‎ ‎    技巧十：从试题位置上判断---问题在段尾 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。　‎ 练习：‎ ‎(一)‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again ‎　　Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ ‎　　Unfortunately，we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ ve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore.37 It’s understandable，but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ ‎　　?38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.‎ ‎　　?39 If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.‎ ‎　　?You didn’t lose “everything”．Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.40 Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ ‎　　A．Learn to really trust yourself.‎ ‎　　B．It is putting confidence in someone.‎ ‎　　C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ ‎　　D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ ‎　　E．They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ ‎　　F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ ‎　　G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎(二)‎ ‎　　　Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs.16 ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.17 .As always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.‎ ‎　　During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.18 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.19 .After two weeks，start timing yourself.20 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ ‎　　A．After six days ‎　　B．For a good marathon runner ‎　　C．Before you begin your training ‎　　D．With each day，increase the distance by a half mile ‎　　E．If they still feel good，you can begin running in them ‎　　F．Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training ‎　　G．Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time ‎　　‎ ‎(三)‎ ‎　　This Way to Dreamland ‎　　Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant，especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.‎ ‎　　But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?‎ ‎　　So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?‎ ‎　　First，understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings.‎ ‎　　It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.74‎ ‎　　Finally，you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.75‎ ‎　　Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ ‎　　A．Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ ‎　　B．They stare off into space and wander by themselves.‎ ‎　　C．Without wandering minds，we wouldn’t have relativity，Coke or Postit notes.‎ ‎　　D．At one time，daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ ‎　　E．It involves slow，steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.‎ ‎　　F．Daydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.‎ ‎　　G．Therefore，it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.‎ ‎(四)‎ ‎　　The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.‎ ‎　　1．Curiosity ‎　　Your children need to be deeply curious.37 Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?‎ ‎　　2．Creativity ‎　　True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.‎ ‎　　3．Interpersonal Skills ‎　　Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.39 “Why do you think she’s crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”‎ ‎　　4．Self Expression ‎　　40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.‎ ‎　　A．Encourage kids to cook with you.‎ ‎　　B．And we can’t forget science education.‎ ‎　　C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.‎ ‎　　D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?‎ ‎　　E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.‎ ‎　　F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.‎ ‎　　G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ ‎(五)‎ ‎　　Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule ‎　　From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often：ability，money，and time.16 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：‎ ‎　　1．Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？17‎ ‎　　2．Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread？18 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.‎ ‎　　3．19 This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.‎ ‎　　Hopefully that gives you a good start.20 And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!‎ ‎　　A．Try new things.‎ ‎　　B．Ability is easily improved.‎ ‎　　C．Make three or four instead.‎ ‎　　D．Understand your food better.‎ ‎　　E．Cooking is a burden for many people.‎ ‎　　F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.‎ ‎　　G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎(六)‎ ‎　　Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment，the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but it’s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：‎ ‎　　?Schedule yearly exams.36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.‎ ‎　　?Protect against UV rays(紫外线)．Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is，it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.37 .‎ ‎　　?Give your eyes a break. Two thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away.‎ ‎　　?39 As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.‎ ‎　　?Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.40 Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.‎ ‎　　A．Eat your greens.‎ ‎　　B．Eye care should begin early in life.‎ ‎　　C．They can properly protect your eyes.‎ ‎　　D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.‎ ‎　　E．Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.‎ ‎　　F．Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.‎ ‎　　G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎(七)‎ ‎　　Evaluating Sources(来源) of Health Information ‎　　Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.71‎ ‎　　Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.72‎ ‎　　Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.‎ ‎　　Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true，probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)．‎ ‎　　75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.‎ ‎　　Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.‎ ‎　　A．Make choices that are right for you.‎ ‎　　B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.‎ ‎　　C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.‎ ‎　　D．And examine the findings of the original research.‎ ‎　　E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.‎ ‎　　F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.‎ ‎　　G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ ‎　　‎