高考英语主谓一致精选无答案 4页

高中英语：主谓一致 知识总结归纳 一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。‎ 二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。‎ ‎（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。‎ e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.‎ 不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：‎ ‎①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家 ‎ ‎②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家 ‎ ‎③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were ‎（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：‎ ‎① My brother and I have both seen that film.‎ ‎② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.‎ ‎③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.‎ ‎（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例：‎ ‎① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.‎ ‎② War and peace is a constant theme in history.‎ ‎③ One more knife and fork is needed.‎ ‎④Bread and butter is our daily food.‎ ‎⑤ Law and order has been established.‎ ‎（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：‎ ‎① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.‎ ‎② No sound and no voice is heard.‎ ‎③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.‎ ‎④ Every minute and every second is precious.‎ ‎2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：‎ ‎① Reading is a great pleasure in life.‎ ‎② To live means to create.‎ ‎③ That we need more time is obvious.‎ ‎④ What is needed is food and medicine.‎ ‎3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 例句：‎ ‎① Three thousand miles is a long distance.‎ ‎② Eight hours of sleep is enough.‎ ‎③ Ten dollars is enough for him.‎ ‎④Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried ‎4. 不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：‎ ‎① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?‎ ‎② Someone wants to see you.‎ ‎③Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. ‎ ‎5.倒装句中的语法一致 ‎①Two pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people.‎ ‎②On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people.‎ ‎③Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties.‎ ‎④Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties.‎ ‎（二）就近原则 ‎1、由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：‎ ‎①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.‎ ‎②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.‎ ‎③. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.‎ ‎④. George or Tom is wanted.‎ ‎2、注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：‎ ‎①. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.‎ ‎②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.‎ ‎③. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.‎ ‎3、名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：‎ ‎①. All but one were here just now.‎ ‎②. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.‎ ‎③. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.‎ ‎④. You as well as I are wrong.‎ ‎（三）意义一致 ‎1. 代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：‎ ‎（1）All hope has gone.‎ ‎（2）All are agreed on this point.‎ ‎（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.‎ ‎（4）None has returned from the meeting.‎ ‎2. 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句 The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.‎ His family _______very large.　 His family _______music lovers.　‎ The group ____ made up of nine students. The group____ dancing happily 注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples)‎ ‎3. 限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：‎ ‎（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.‎ ‎（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.‎ ‎（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.‎ ‎4、代词作主语 Neither dog _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _____ big. ( A. is B. are )‎ Neither rabbit _____ handsome. ( A. is B. are )‎ Neither of the rabbits _____ handsome.. ( A. is B. are )‎ ‎（neither + 单数名词 → 谓语动词用单数； none／neither of +可数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数；‎ none of+不可数名词 →谓语动词用单数）‎ ‎ 1）.None of these people ___ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was ‎ 2）Neither of them ___ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be ‎3）.Neither of us ________ (was/were) ready when the party began.‎ ‎4）. None of them ________ (has/have) watched the talk show.‎ ‎5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。‎ Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .‎ ‎2.) Many means have not come into effect.‎ ‎6、the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等 the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等。如，‎ ⑴ The old ____ taken good care of in our society.‎ ⑵ The rich ____ for the decision but the poor are against it.‎ ⑶ The wounded ____ a young boy.‎ ⑷ The beautiful _____not always the same as the good. ‎ ⑸ The new______ sure to replace the old.‎ ‎1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。‎ ‎2. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 例句：‎ Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.‎ Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.‎ Practice makes perfect (孰能生巧；小试牛刀)‎ Part 1) 多项选择 ‎ [例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.‎ A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play ‎ [例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.‎ A. are B. is C. was D. has been ‎ [例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.‎ A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted ‎ [例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.‎ ‎—But the colour _____ me. ‎ A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit ‎ [例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.‎ A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was ‎ [例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.‎ A. is B. are C. have been D. has been ‎ [例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.‎ A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained Part 2) 单句改错 ‎1. Mary is one of the girls who is always on time. ‎ ‎2. Every girl and every boy have the right to join the club. ‎ ‎3. What caused the accidents remain unknown. ‎ ‎4. The singer and the dancer is to attend our party. ‎ ‎5. Interest, as well as prospects, are important when one looks for a job. ‎ ‎6. A number of cars is parked in front of the park. ‎ ‎7. Ancient and modern history is the subjects we are studying. ‎ ‎8. Many a person have read the novel. ‎ ‎9. I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you. ‎ ‎10. The old is respected in our country. ‎ ‎11. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, are to be built here. ‎ ‎12. When and where to hold the party haven’t been decided yet. ‎ ‎13. His family enjoys watching TV. ‎ ‎14. On the wall hangs many pictures by Picasso. ‎ ‎15. Quantities of money has been spent on the project. ‎ ‎16. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.‎ ‎17. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.‎ ‎18. But not all information are good to society.‎ Part 3) 模拟试题 ‎1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.‎ A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone ‎2. —Are these your sheep ?—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.‎ A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding ‎3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.‎ A. was B. are C. were D. there was ‎4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.‎ A. are B. is C. will be D. would be ‎5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.‎ A. is B. has C. are D. have ‎6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.‎ A. are B. was C. is D. were ‎7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.‎ A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is Part 4) 语篇填空 Studying abroad 1 (be) a hot topic for a great number of students. What attracts them most 2 (be) a better future job after graduation. But where and when to go 3 (remain) a question to them, because to apply a passport and a visa 4 (be) not as easy a thing as they imagine. As for this problem, a consultant and agent 5 (be) your best helper, who (help) you by charging some money. How soon you can get your passport and visa 7 (depend) on his effort. What’s more, please take the cost and time into consideration, because over ￥200, ‎000 a year 8 (be) not a small sum and four or five years away from home 9 (keep) your parents worried and 10 (make) you homesick. Have a second thought before you make a decision to study abroad.‎ Mr. Brown as well as his children 1 (be) paying a visit to some schools in Beijing. Lee Chin, together with another two students who 2 (be) good at English, 3 (be) accompanying them. At present, they stay in a hotel, in which there 4 (be) a TV, a computer and other entertainment, but neither TV nor computer 5 (interest) them. They are eager to see the scenery. The Great Wall, rather than other places, 6 (attract) them most. But Lee Chin decides to show them around the city first, because not only his children but also Mr. Brown himself 7 (have) never been to China before. In Lee Chin’s opinion, either the buildings or the culture 8 (be) well worth seeing. ‎ Mathematics 1 (seem) to be difficult for most girls to learn, and Lily might be the only one of the girls in her class who 2 (say) she likes mathematics best. As is known, mathematics is so important that two-thirds of the families 3 (prefer) to find a tutor(家教) for the kids. Lily’s family 4 (be) not a rich one, but the family 5 (hope) that Lily can do better in mathematics, so Lily becomes one of the students who 6 (have) a tutor on weekends. Happily, the new means of teaching given by the tutor 7 (encourage) Lily a great deal. As a result, everything 8 (seem) easy and all difficulties 9 (be) no longer there. Lily’s success also proves that the young 10 (be ) not difficult to teach if the teaching method is suitable.‎ Many a young man 1 (prefer) fashion and high expense. The clothes that they wear 2 (be) in the latest style. Jacky, who 3 (be) a fashion lover, can show you some examples. The number of his trousers 4 (be) surprising, each of which 5 (stand) for a different taste. He has a pair of special trousers which 6 (be) worth ￥3,000. This kind of trousers 7 (feel) soft and 8 (wash) easily. In his opinion, it is the youth who 9 (be) responsible for playing a leading role in the fashion world. He also wishes he 10 (be) as young forever. ‎ Thirty years 1 (be) not a long period in history, but every man and every woman 2 (change) a lot in the past thirty years. When it comes to the development of China, none of us 3 (doubt) that either the surroundings or the policy 4 (benefit) us a great deal. With thirty years’ development, China, along with its people, 5 (stand) higher in the stage of the world. Although there 6 (exist) an environmental problem and other ones, like housing and crimes, the public 7 (have) a strong belief that tomorrow will be better. Whether we can realize our dream 8 (depend) on our own effort. To construct our country 9 (be) a great honour, so, not only you but also I 10 (be) the one who should be devoted to making our country a splendid one. ‎