人教高考英语一轮练习题必修5U5含答案 7页

‎2019年人教高考英语一轮练习题：必修5U5含答案 一、阅读理解。‎ According to a team of researchers, an animal’s ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.‎ ‎“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，” commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.‎ The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.‎ One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.‎ Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.”‎ In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its prey’s(猎物) position.‎ Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。‎ ‎1．What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?‎ A．Pace of life of animals.‎ B．Time perception of animals.‎ C．Lifetime of small animals.‎ D．Impressive abilities of animals.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animal’s ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．What does Kevin Healy’s comment mean in Para. 2?‎ A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.‎ B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.‎ C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.‎ D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Kevin Healy所说的话可知，Kevin Healy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Why can houseflies avoid being hit?‎ A．They can think very deeply before they act.‎ B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.‎ C．They can process information as quickly as they receive it.‎ D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?‎ A．Try to run as fast as it can.‎ B．Prevent itself from becoming blind.‎ C．Slow down to gain its time perception.‎ D．Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．With the local community (aid) us with our investigation, we soon found out the criminal.‎ 答案：aiding ‎2．The employee won’t stand (treat) like that by his new boss. He’ll leave the factory.‎ 答案：being treated ‎3．You’d better put things back place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.‎ 答案：in ‎4．The global warming, if not properly (control), might lead to more natural disasters.‎ 答案：controlled ‎5．The students are forbidden， they have special excuses, to stay out after 11 p．m.‎ 答案：unless ‎6．Thank you so much for making me feel important and showing me that I could make a (different)．‎ 答案：difference ‎7．The new technology, if (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.‎ 答案：applied ‎8．(2019·四川绵阳诊断)There is little doubt you will be able to judge truth and error if you have confidence in yourself.‎ 答案：that ‎9．They have earned lots of money, so I (firm) believe that the business is a success.‎ 答案：firmly ‎10．(福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.‎ 答案：that 三、完形填空。‎ When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than you'd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises people's __2__ levels for up to six months.‎ ‎“If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang.‎ Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.He'd been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：He'd been divorced and wasn't __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change.‎ Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you become more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks.‎ ‎__13__ by Kralik's experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom I'd __15__ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasn't sure if I'd be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived.‎ In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that he'd given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isn't the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and ‎ I've been happy now for months.‎ ‎1．A.time　　　　　　B．thoughts C．effects D．relationship ‎2．A.education B．happiness C．income D．health ‎3．A.share B．complete C．compare D．leave ‎4．A.method B．desire C．energy D．potential ‎5．A.discouraged B．dishonest C．impatient D．surprised ‎6．A.bored B．strict C．close D．honest ‎7．A.limited B．valuable C．delightful D．long ‎8．A.importantly B．particularly C．physically D．exactly ‎9．A.forgiveness B．achievement C．gratefulness D．patience ‎10．A.positive B．unexpected C．possible D．instant ‎11．A.wealth B．attitude C．position D．competence ‎12．A.generous B．strange C．brave D．simple ‎13．A.Struck B．Inspired C．Shocked D．Invited ‎14．A.idea B．belief C．letter D．test ‎15．A.nearly B．frequently C．already D．never ‎16．A.remember B．recognise C．locate D．reward ‎17．A.degree B．money C．gift D．guidance ‎18．A.in advance B．in public C．in return D．in person ‎19．A.case B．point C．fact D．solution ‎20．A.appreciate B．understand C．face D．review ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理：当你对别人表达出感谢之情时，你会变得更快乐。‎ ‎1．C　考查名词辨折。根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知，此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。C项意为“效果，影响”，符合语境。A项意为“时间”；B项意为“想法”；D项意为“关系”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。B项意为“幸福”，符合语境。A项意为“教育”；C项意为“收入”；D项意为“健康”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．A　考查动词辨析。根据此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某物”，符合语境。B项意为“完成，实现”；C项意为“比较”；D项意为“离开”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎4．D　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指如果你与帮助你的人一起分享感激之情，这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。D项意为“可能性，潜能”，符合语境。A项意为“方法”；B项意为“欲望”；C项意为“精力”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎5．A　考查形容词辨折。根据该句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”并列，指他对生活感到沮丧。 A项意为“泄气的”，符合语境。B项意为“不诚实的”；C项意为“没有耐心的”；D项意为“感到惊讶的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎6．C　考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“He'd been divorced”可知，他已经离婚了，并且与孩子也不亲近。C项意为“亲近的，亲密的”，符合语境。A项意为“无聊的”；B项意为“严格的”；D项意为“诚实的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎7．D　考查形容词辨析。根据“felt tired from”可推知，此处指因为长时间的工作，所以他感到疲劳。D项意为“长的”，符合语境。A项意为“有限的”；B项意为“有价值的”；C项意为“高兴的”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎8．B　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，他离婚了，和孩子也不亲近，而且工作辛苦，所以这是他人生的低谷。B项意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境。A项意为“重要地”；C项意为“身体上”；D项意为“恰恰，正好”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎9．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou ‎ notes”可知，此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。C项意为“感激”，符合语境。A项意为“原谅”；B项意为“成就”；D项意为“耐心”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎10．A　考查形容词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“you become more positive”可知，此处指他希望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。A项意为“积极的”，符合语境。B项意为“出人意料的”；C项意为“可能的”；D项意为“立即的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎11．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期，然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。B项意为“态度”，符合语境。A项意为“财富”；C项意为“位置”；D项意为“能力”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎12．D　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。D项意为“简单的”，符合语境。A项意为“慷慨的”；B项意为“奇怪的”；C项意为“勇敢的”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎13．B　考查动词辨析。根据下文可知，“我”也决定写感谢信了。由此推断出，“我”是受了Kralik的经历的鼓舞。B项意为“鼓舞，激励”，符合语境。故答案选B。‎ ‎14．A　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”决定亲自试试这个想法。A项意为“想法，主意”，符合语境。B项意为“信念”；C项意为“信”；D项意为“测试”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ ‎15．D　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址，所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。D项意为“从未”，符合语境。A项意为“几乎”；B项意为“经常”；C项意为“已经”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎16．C　考查动词辨析。根据“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此处指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。C项意为“找出……的准确位置”，符合语境。A项意为“记得”；B项意为“认出”；D项意为“奖励，奖赏”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎17．D　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，“我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师，所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。D项意为“指导”，符合语境。A项意为“程度，等级”；B项意为“金钱”；C项意为“礼物”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。‎ ‎18．C　考查介词短语辨析。根据常识可知，“我”写感谢信给多年前的老师，而老师不一定会回信给“我”。C项意为“作出回应”，符合语境。A项意为“提前”；B项意为“公开地”；D项意为“亲自”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。‎ ‎19．B　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“I've been happy now for months”可知，“我”快乐了几个月，所以此处指老师是否回信不是重点。B项意为“重点，要点”，符合语境。A项意为“事例”；C项意为“事实”；D项意为“解决方法”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。‎ ‎20．A　考查动词辨析。联系全文的内容可知，文章主要是关于表达出感谢可以给自己带来快乐，所以此处指这封感谢信帮助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”为此快乐了几个月。A项意为“感激”，符合语境。B项意为“理解”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“回顾”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。‎ 四、 单句改错 ‎1．He was writing a report while one of his friends called on him. ‎ 答案：while→when ‎2．Under the aid of our English teacher, we have made great progress this term. ‎ 答案：Under→With ‎3．The doctor said that she had got injure badly and should be sent to hospital immediately. ‎ 答案：injure→injured ‎4．Whether he could get support from his parents made great difference to the plan. ‎ 答案：made后加a ‎5．Mr. Li fell ill, so his colleague attended the conference in the place of him. ‎ 答案：去掉第二个the 五、单元语法——省略 ‎1．(2019·天津卷)Though (will) to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right.‎ 答案：willing ‎2．(2019·湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands.‎ 答案：left ‎3．(福建卷)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ever, reaching 30 ℃ in summer.‎ 答案：if ‎4．(安徽卷)When (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.‎ 答案：asked ‎5．Just now the patient opened her mouth as if (say) something to her husband.‎ 答案：to say