2012高考英语动词和动词短语语法 45页

动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。设题时给出 四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。主 要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。 根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类 （一）实义动词 1.按性质分实义动词又分成及物动词和不及物动词，表示动作或状态，在句中独立做谓 语。及物动词后须跟宾语；不及物动词不跟宾语。 例：—What did you think of her speech? —She _______for one hour but didn't ________ much. A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. said; say 注意：英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的，有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以 是不及物动词。 It is important for you to learn how to learn. 第一个 learn 是及物动词，后面有宾语 how to learn；第二个 learn 是不及物动词。 不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。 He is working hard at English. 2.按时限分实义动词又分成延续性动词和非延续性动词（短暂性动词） 延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与一段时间连用。如：live, study, work, stay, keep, have 等。 非延续性动词（短暂性动词）动作瞬间完成，不能与一段时间连用。如：finish, come, open, bring, buy 等。 例：The evening news comes on at seven o' clock and ________ only thirty minutes. A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts 【解析】答案为 D。根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes” 先排除“finish” 为瞬间动词；keep“保留，保存”；continue 意为“继续”； last 意为“持 续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天 7：00 开始，持续 30 分钟。”可知， 正确选项为 D。 （二）连系动词 连系动词可以细分为以下几类 1.表示“是”的 be 动词，根据主语有各种形式； 2.表示“感觉”的连系动词。如：look, feel, smell, taste, sound 等； 3.表示“变得、变成”的连系动词。如 become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come 等； 4.表示“结果”的连系动词。如 turn out, prove 等； 5.表示“仍然”的连系动词。如 remain, stand, stay, keep 等； 6.表示“似乎、好像”的连系动词。如 seem, appear, look 等。 注意：绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。 请看下列这道选择题： good, the food has been sold out. A. Tasted B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 【解析】答案为 C。本题考生如果把 taste 当成实义动词去理解的话，就会误选 A 或 B。 其实 taste 在本句中是连系动词，应该选 C 才对=Because the food tastes good,… （三）助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定，疑问，时态等语法形式。助动词（与动 词原形或分词构成复合谓语），常见的有：be(am, is, are, was, were),do(does, did), have(has/had), will, would, shall, should 等。 （四）情态动词 本身有一定意义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说 话人的语气和情态。常见的有 can(could), may(might), must, shall(should), will, would, ought to, dare, need 等等。 注意：以上四类动词都有交叉的地方。如“do, have”既可以作实义动词又可以作助动词； “be”既可以作连系动词又可以作助动词；“dare, need”既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动 词。 1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类 Please turn off every light in the house. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物） Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.晚会后，人们都已离去， 哈里出现了。（不及物） 注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开 She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在 亮着的灯。 ②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。 She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。 ③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 break out 爆发 break up 打碎；分解 break down 出毛病；抛锚；分解； 崩溃 ①Don’t be so discouraged. If you such feelings, you will do better next time. A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away 【解析】答案为 D。carry on 意为“开展、进行”；get back 意为“取回，拿回”；break down 意为“分解、崩溃”。put away 除了有“把……收起、放好”的意思外还 有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意：别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种 情绪（而振作起来），下次你就会做得更好。 ②I was still sleeping when the fire _________,and then it spread quickly. A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out 【解析】答案为 A。break out 意为“发生”符合题意；put out 意为“扑灭”；come out 意为“出版、出现、出来”；get out 意为“（拿）出来”。句意：火灾发生时， 我还在睡觉，然后火势很快蔓延开来。 2.动词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。 注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。 ②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。 look after 照料，look at 看，look for 寻找 ①Once a decision has been made，all of us should _______it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to 【解析】答案为 B。stick to 意为“坚守（规则、诺言等）” ②It’s the present situation in poor areas that _______much higher spending on education and training. A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for 【解析】答案为 C。call for 意为“要求”；answer for 意为“负责”；provide for 意 为“供养，为……做好准备”；plan for 意为“为……作计划/打算”。 3.动词+副词/名词/反身代词+介词所构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。 ①I don’t _______rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste. A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for 【解析】答案为 D 。go in for 意为“喜欢”；go after 意为“追求”；go away with 意 为“随身带走”；go into 意为“从事、参加”。 ②Why do we have to ________Joan’s selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others. A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. come up with 【解析】答案为 C。keep up with 意为“跟着、跟上”；catch up with 意为“赶上”；put up with 意为“忍受”；come up with 意为“想出、提出”。 ③You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 【解析】答案为 D。考查“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”短语的变式运用。 “difficulty”在句中充当了先行词，其后为定语从句。 ④She devoted herself ____ the problems of the teenagers. A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to studying 【解析】答案为 D。devote oneself to 意为“专心，致力于，献身”。“to”为介词 附录：近几年高考重点考查的动词短语 1.以 a 开头的动词为中心的词组 adapt to/adjust to 适应 agree about 对……有相同的看法。 agree on 就……达成协议； agree to 同意，赞成（观点，看法等）； agree with 同意某人意见（接 sb.）；与……相适应/一致； appeal to 向……呼吁，恳求； 诉诸；求助于 appeal to 吸引 apply for 申请；请求 apply to 适用于；向……申请(或要求) attach…to…将……系在……；使隶属/附属于……，将……缚在…… attach importance to 关注，注重 attach to 粘贴 be admitted to/into 获准进入……，被……录取 be absorbed in 埋头于……，专心于…… be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于…… be addicted to 沉迷于/沉溺于……，迷恋…… 2.以 break 为中心的词组 break away from 脱离，逃离，打破 break down vt. 破坏，粉碎，瓦解；vi.出故障，抛锚；衰弱 break in 闯进，打断；使顺服 break into（后面要接宾语）闯入；强行进入 break off 打断，断绝，折断，突然终止 break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚 break up vt.开垦，破碎；解散，分解；vi.结束；断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂 break through 突破，克服，挤过去 3.以 build 为中心的词组 build on / upon 建立在……上，依赖，指望 build up 增强，增加，增进；建成，振兴 4.以 bring 为中心的词组 bring about 导致，引起，促使 bring back 带回，使回忆，使恢复 bring down 使下降，浓缩，收缩，击落 bring out 拿出，公布，发表，出版，生产 bring up 抚养，养育，培养，使停止 5.以 call 为中心的词组 call at 访问（某地），停泊在 care about 关心，在乎 call for 需要，要求，接（某人）， call in 召集，收集，请入，引入 call off 取消，下令停止 call on 拜访（某人），号召 call out 大声喊，唤起 call up 打电话给……；召集; 使想起 6.以 come 为中心的词组 come about 发生；改变方向 come across 偶然碰到；想起；越过；偿付 come back 回来；恢复；复原 come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒 come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成 come into power 开始执政，当权，当选 come into effect/ force 开始生效，开始实行 come into existence 形成，产生，开始存在 come into fashion 开始流行 come into operation 开始运转，实施，生效 come into use 开始使用，获得应用 come on 快点；振作起来；请；来吧；跟着来；快点; come out 出现；出版 come out with 说出，提出 come over 从远方(或克服障碍后)过来 ；顺便来访 come to 苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐，说到/提及到 come to an agreement 达成协议 come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to a decision 作出决定 come to an end 终止，结束 come to a stop 结束，停止，停顿， come to an understanding 取得谅解 when it comes to…就……而论，谈到 come to know/realize/understand 开始了解到/意识到/明白 come to life 苏醒，栩栩如生 come to light 明朗化，出现，显露出来 come to oneself 苏醒 come up with 跟上；想出；提出 7.以 get 为中心的词组 get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解 get along 前进，进步；同意；离去，相处 get along/on with 与……相处 get away 离开，逃脱，出发，开始度假 get away from 逃离…… get back 取回，回来；报复 get down 记下，写下 get down to 着手处理，认真对待；静下心来 get in 插话，收割，收获 get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债 get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身 get on 上车 get out 出去，离开；逃脱； 泄露；摆脱；拿出来；说出 get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 拨通，到达，完成，通过；及格 get to 到达 get up 起床，起立 8.以 give 为中心的词组 give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发 give in 屈服，让步，投降 give off 发出（烟，气味） give out vt.分发；公布；发出；使筋疲力尽； vi.用完 give up 放弃；停止 9.以 go 为中心的词组 go /come to sb.’s rescue 去/来援救某人 go away 走开；离去；(岁月)流逝； go back to 追溯至 go by 经过，过去 go on 继续，接下去 go out 出去，熄灭，离开，下台，退休 go over 审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍 go up 上升，上涨，攀登 10.以 hold 为中心的词组 hold back 阻挡，妨碍，控制感情，隐瞒不讲 hold down 压制，压低，缩减 hold off 耽搁，不接近，离开 hold on 继续；坚持，保持；不挂断电话 hold out 伸出，提出，支持，主张 hold up 举起；竖起；支持；使停滞；提出；阻挡 11.以 keep 为中心的词组 keep an eye on 照看，留心 keep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离 keep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒 keep in mind 记住 keep off 不接近，远离 keep out 使……不入内 keep pace with…跟上，同……步调一致 keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持 keep up with…跟上 ，与……并肩前进 keep watch 守望，值班，注意 12.以 look 为中心的词组 look after 照料，照看 look around 东张西望，环顾 look at 看，注视(某人或某物) look away from 掉过头去不忍心看 look down on/upon 俯视；看不起，轻视 look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望，期待 look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look on /upon 旁观；面向 look on / upon …as…把……看作 look out 向外看；注意；当心，提防 look over 从上面看过去；检查，忽略 look through look through 透过……看去；看穿；浏览，彻底调查 look up 查（单词、电话号码等）；仰视；涨价 look up to 仰望，尊敬 13.以 make 为中心的词组 make a choice 做出选择 make a difference 有差别，有关系，很重要 make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗 make a will 立下遗嘱 make advantages/use of 使用，利用 make it 就这么定了；成功；达到某一特定目标 make oneself understood 让别人理解自己 make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认；弄清楚 make the best/ most of 尽量利用；极为重视 make up 弥补；修理；赔偿；起草；编造；化装；,配制；占……比例 14.以 put 为中心的词组 put away 把……放好，把……收拾；储藏； put down 放下；镇压；记下；削减；降落 put it 表达 put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，脱下 put on 穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加 put out 熄灭，扑灭；伸出，拿出 put together 组装，装配，把……凑合起来 put up 搭建；张贴；举起，挂起；投宿，留宿 put up with 忍受，容忍； put up 举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；投宿， put through 完成，（电话用语）拨通，使穿过 15.以 set 为中心的词组 be set in 以……为背景 set about（doing）着手，开始 set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样 set aside 取消，放在一边，放弃，忽视，拒绝 set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火烧毁 set off vi.出发； vt.使爆炸，拨出（钱等） set out vi.出发； vt.开始，着手(to do)，布置 set up 建立，设立，开办，引起（疾病等） 16.以 take 为中心的词组 take after 与……相像， 性格类似于，效仿 take away 拿走，减去；夺去 take down 记下；拿下；拆除；拆卸； take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗，轻信，领会 take off 拿出，取出，拿走，取下；脱去（衣服等），起飞，（事业上的）腾飞，成功， 成名 take on 承担，呈现，雇用 take out 把……带出去，清除, 除掉 take over 接管，接替 take up 从事，占据时间或空间，拿起 take turns(to do) 轮流做 17.以 turn 为中心的词组 turn around 转身 turn down 拒绝，（把声音等）调低 turn in 上床睡觉, 上缴 turn on 打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于 turn off 关上（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；解雇；避开（问题） turn out 外出；培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是 turn over 翻身，翻转，把……移交 turn to 转向 ；翻到（书的页数）；求助于；(使)变成 turn up 出现；出席；被找到/发现 18.其它 be supposed to do 应当，应该 begin with 从……开始 ；以……开始；开始于 belong to 属于 blow out 吹熄（灯火等）；油井或汽井（井喷） build up 增加，增进，建成，振兴 carry on 坚持，继续，进行 carry out 贯彻，执行，实施，完成 catch up with 追上，赶上 close down 停业；（工厂等）关闭，倒闭 close up 暂停营业；关闭；堵塞；（伤口）愈合 deal with 对付，处理 die down 渐渐消失，平息（尤其指火势，大海，脾气） divide up 分割，瓜分，划分，分配 draw up 起草，制订；使靠近；停住 drop out 退出，退学 do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费 do without 不需要……也行，不用；不用/吃……勉强度过 earn one’s living 挣钱；维持生计 eat up 吃完，吃光 end up as 作为……而结束的意思 end up with 以……为结束 fight for 与……做斗争；为……而战 figure out 算出；想出；理解；弄清楚 fill up 装满，填满 find out 查找出（结果） finish up 结果成为；最终到来 fit in 相处融洽，合得来 fix up 修理，安装，安排，建造，提供 focus upon/on 专注于 grow up 成长，长大 hand down 把……传下去；留给； hand out 散发，（平均）分发，发给 hang up 挂断电话 join up 联合起来；连接 lead to 通向；导致 leave out 省去；遗漏 let out 泄露 lie in（问题、事情等）在于 lift up 举起；吊起 live up to 履行 lose out 失败，输掉 manage it 设法做成某事 meet with 偶然遇到；符合 pick out 挑出，辨别出 pick up 学到(尤其指不正规的学到)；捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获 得 point out 指出 pull up 停车 refer to 指，提及，参考，查阅 remind sb. of… 就……提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起…… rule out 排除（可能性） run into 撞到；偶遇 run out （某东西被）耗尽/用完 run out of sth.用完，耗尽 save up 储蓄；贮存；节省 see through 看穿；识破(谎言) send up 发射 show off 炫耀，卖弄 slow down 慢下来 speak of 谈到，论及 speed up 加快 stand for 代表；象征 ；主张；支持，拥护 start off 动身，出发 stay up 不睡觉，熬夜 stick to 坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于 tear down 拆毁 use up=run out of 用光，用尽 wait on 等待，伺候，服伺 warn sb. of 警告某人某事 watch out 注意，当心；小心谨慎，留意提防 watch over 看守，照管，监视 work out 算出，想出，制订出；产生出；解决；确定 说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容（这部 分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容）。 ①Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy. A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed 【解析】答案为 B。四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与 worker 构成动宾关系，但从题干 中的 the drop in economy 可知，只有 B 项符合题意。 ②When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。 A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed 【解析】答案为 A。这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure 指在 意外事故中“受伤”；damage 主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然 灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害， 有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy 表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。 ①I it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. A. make B. look C. take D. think 【解析】答案为 C。take...as...意为“把……当作/认为……是”；另外，“look on...as...”和“think of...as...”也有此意。若用 A 项，需要把 it 后面的 as 去掉。 ②Her shoes her dress; they look very well together. A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match 【解析】答案为 D。suit 指“符合某人的口味，或颜色、款式等的相配或适合”；fit 指“强 调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合”；compare 意为“比较、对照”；match 指“两个 物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配，显得很协调”。 ③With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years. A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared 【解析】答案为 B。题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将…… 曝光”是 come to light，故答案为 B 项。 ④The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.” A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making 【解析】答案为 D。分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的 write home 是无 to 的不定式，作 everyone 的宾语补足语，由此可排除 A 项；suggest 后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更 不用说无 to 的不定式，由此排除 B 项；let 作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除； 只有 make 后面是跟无 to 的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为 D。 ①The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains_______. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【解析】答案为 B。题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”。由题意可知，remain 在 此是用作系动词，且 see 这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在 B 和 D 中间；“the effect” 和“see”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 ②On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ______pale. A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared 【解析】答案为 C。“got” 作系动词时，表示人为所致成一个相对长的过程；“changed”是 实义动词，不能接形容词作表语；“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕； “appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。 ③It was already past midnight and only three young men _______in the tea house. A. left B. remained C. delayed D. deserted 【解析】答案 B。为句意：早已过了半夜，仅有 3 位年轻人还留在茶房。“remain”作系动 词，后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词，不定式的被动式作表语。 The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to its reality. A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off 【解析】答案为 B。make up 意为“组成、化妆、编造”；figure out 意为“理解、弄清楚”； look through 意为“浏览”。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一 段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。 It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me______ the clothes on the line? A. get off B. get back C. get in D. get on 【解析】答案为 C。get off 意为“下车”；get back 意为“回来”；get in 意为“收集， 收获”；get on 意为“前进，进展”。表示“收衣服”要用“get in clothes”。 ①In modern times, people have to learn to all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life. A. keep with B. stay with C. meet with D. live with 【解析】答案为 D。live with 和 put up with 类似在此意为“忍受”。句意：在现代社会， 人们尽管过着舒适的生活，但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。 ②______a moment and I will go to your rescue. A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on 【解析】答案为 B。go on 意为“继续”；hold on 意为“抓住不放、坚持”；move on 意为 “继续前进”；carry on 意为“继续进行”。根据后句的 I will go to your rescue 可知，这里应是“坚持住、别松手”。句意：坚持一会儿，我会救你的。 —Have you________ some new ideas? —Yeah. I’ll tell you later. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with 【解析】答案为 C。come about 意为“发生”；come into 意为“进入、得到”；come up with 意为“想出、提出”；come out with 意为“发表，公布、说出”。句意：“你想 出新的主意了吗？”“是的，我过会儿告诉你。” The media can often help solve problems and draw attention _______ situations _______ help is needed. A. in; that B. to; which C. in; where D. to; where 【解析】答案为 D。draw/pay attention to 意思是“注意；关心”。名词“attention”前 可以有“more，little， careful，close， no，some”等形容词修饰，“to”后 接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where”引导定语从句。句意：媒体常常能 帮助解决问题，关注需要帮助的对象。 2009 年 1.（全国卷 I）I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through 【答案】D 【解析】get along 意为“进展”；get on 意为“上车”；get to 意为“到达”；只有 get through 意为“打通电话”符合句意。句意：我试着给她办公室打电话，但是没有打通。 2.（全国卷 I）Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push 【答案】D 【解析】句意：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新东西，但是尽量别逼他们。这四个词只有 push 是“推， 逼”之意。 3.（全国卷 II）If you leave the club, you will not be back in . A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved 【答案】B 【解析】be admitted in/into 表示“被录取，被接受”。 4.（天津卷）—Sorry, I have to ______ now. It’s time for class.—OK, I’ll call back later. A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“对不起我的挂电话了，上课的时间到了。”“好的,我会再打电话来。”hang up 表示“挂断电话”break up 表示“开垦(破碎,破坏,解散,结束,衰弱)”give up 表示“放弃”hold up 表示“举起(提出,抓举,支持住,阻挡)”。根据句意应选 A 项。 5.（天津卷）Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything, the teacher will __ the main points at the end. A. recover B. review C. require D. remember 【答案】B 【解析】句意：别担心，如果你一切都不懂，老师会复习要点。recover 表示“恢复（健康 等）”；review 表示“复习”；require 表示“需要”；remember 表示“记得”， 根据句意，应选 B。 6.（安徽卷）Just as Professor Scotti often it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means 【答案】C 【解析】put it 是一个常用语, 表示“表达”的意思，正符合本句意思：Scotti 教授经常 所说的一样, 成功 99%的心度。make it 意为“获得成功”。 7.（安徽卷）We tried to find a table for seven，hut they were all . A. given away B. kept away C. taken up D. used up 【答案】C 【解析】give away 意为“泄露,捐赠”；keep away 意为“控制在外”；take up 意为“占据”； use up 意为“用光，用尽”=run out of。句意：我们努力寻找一张能供 7 人吃饭 的桌子，但是所有的桌子都有人占了。 8.（福建卷）We are at your service. Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems. A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek 【答案】B 【解析】beg 意为“乞求，乞讨，恳求”；hesitate 意为“犹豫，踌躇”；desire 意为“欲 望，愿望”；seek 意为“试图，要求”。句意：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时， 请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选 B 项。 9.（福建卷）The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on 10.（湖北卷）Would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through 【答案】D 【解析】该句意思是“你能不能帮我看看这份试卷，看有没有明显的错误？”。look through 可表示“检查，浏览”之意。look around 意为“环顾”，look into 意为“调查”， look up 意为“抬头看，查阅”。 11.（湖北卷）During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ______ bread for days. A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with 【答案】C 【解析】根据上句 During the war there was a serious lack of food 可推测出“即或 是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择 do without 表示“不用/吃……勉强 度过”。eat up 意为“吃完”，give away 意为“收拾”，deal with 意为“应付， 处理”。句意：战争时期缺少食品，即使很富有的家庭也不得不将就着连续几天 没有面包吃。 12.（湖北卷）The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled 【答案】A 【解析】根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计……”，应选择 calculated。 Considered 意为“考虑”，completed 意为“完成”，controlled 意为“控制” 均不符合上下文。 13.（湖北卷）Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined. A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish 【答案】C 【解析】根据上句 Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫 孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter 做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。Spot 意为“弄 脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss 意为“开除，使解散”，distinguish 意为“区 别”。 14.（江苏卷） — I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have __ __ . —So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D closed up 【答案】A 【解析】break up 意为“断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂”； finish up 意为“结果成为，最 终到来”； divide up 意为“分担，分配，分享”。close up 意为“（伤口）愈合”。 15.（江西卷） It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out 【答案】C 【解析】look into 意为“调查”。句意：据报道警方不久就要调查两个孩子失踪的案子。 16.（山东卷）—Do you have enough to ________all your daily expenses? —Oh yes, enough and to spare. A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer 【答案】A 【解析】cover 意为“（钱）足够开销/付”。句意：你有足够的钱用于日常开销吗？是的， 够了，还能有结余。 17.（山东卷） Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to _______, so she left. A. show off B. go up C. fit in D. come over 【答案】C 【解析】show off 意为“炫耀，卖弄”；go up 意为“上升，上涨”；fit in 意为“相处融 洽，合得来”；come over 意为“顺便来访，从远方(或克服障碍后)过来”。 18.（陕西卷）A. notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up 【答案】D 【解析】send up 意为“发射”；give up 意为“放弃，传上去”；set up 意为“提出，提议； 竖起，升起”；put up 意为“张贴”。句意：一个通知被张贴出来，以便告知学生 们演讲的新时间。 19.（四川卷） —Have you __________? —No. I had the wrong number. A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through 【答案】D 【解析】get in 意为“插话，收割”；get away 意为“离开，走开”；get off 意为“下 车”；get through 意为“接通电话，完成，到达，通过”，由此可知该题的答案 为 D，意思是“你接通电话了吗？” 20.（四川卷）—How about your journey to Mount Emei? —Everything was wonderful except that our car _________ twice on the way. A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down 【答案】B 【解析】答语的意思是：一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。break down 意为“抛锚”；slow down 意为“慢下来”；get down 意为“记下，写下”；put down 意为“扑灭”。所以该题的答案为 B 项。 21.（浙江卷） The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply 【答案】A 【解析】该句的意思是“对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易的适应新的环 境。”adapt to 意为“适应”；appeal to 意为“呼吁，使感兴趣”；attach to 意为“粘贴，附属于，隶属于”；apply to 意为“申请”。所以答案为 A 项。 22.（浙江卷）Practising Chinese kung fu can not only one’s strength, but also develop one’s character. A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up 【答案】C 【解析】bring up 意为“抚养，呕吐”；take up 意为“占去，拿起”；build up 意为“增 强”；pull up 意为“停车”。根据句意“练习中国功夫能够增强人的体质”，所以 用 build up。 2010 年 1.(全国 I 卷) The workers _____ the glasses and marked on each box “this side up” A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed 【答案】D 【解析】选项为四个意思上毫无关联的动词，此题考察动词的词义辨析。carry 意为“搬 运”；deliver 意为“递送”；press 意为“按，压”；pack 意为“打包”。句意：工 人们把玻璃制品包装好并且每个盒子上标记上“此面向上”。 2.( 全国 II 卷 8)My mother opened the drawer to _________ the knives and spoons. A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together 【答案】A 【解析】put away 意为“放好，收拾起来”；put up 意为“举起，搭建，张贴，挂起”；put on 意为“穿上，戴上”；put together 意为“组装，装配，把……凑合起来”。句 意：我母亲打开抽屉把刀勺放好。 3.( 安 徽 卷 )No matter how low you consider yourself ,there is always someone _________you wishing they were that high. A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. looking up to D. looking down upon 【答案】C 【解析】getting rid of 意为“摆脱；去除”；getting along with 意为“与……相处； 进展”；looking up to 意为“尊敬；敬仰”；looking down upon 意为“看不起； 轻视”。句意：无论你把自己看得如何低微（卑微），但是总有人仰慕你，同时希 望他们有你那么高大。 4.(安徽卷)——How did you like Nick’s performance last night ? —— To be honest ,his singing didn’t ________to me much? A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur 【答案】A 【解析】appeal to 意为“吸引”；belong to 意为“属于”；refer to 意为“提到；涉 及”；occur to 意为“突然想到”。句意：她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。 5.(福建卷)We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s it. A. keep up with B. do away with C. get down to D. look forward to 【答案】C 【解析】keep up with 意为“保持”；do away with 意为“废除，去掉”；get down to 意 为“着手处理”；look forward to 意为“盼望，期待”。句意：我们刚刚搬进大一 点的房子，因此有许多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。 6.(福建卷)——In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well. ——I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two . A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined 【答案】D 【解析】第二句意思为：“我非常赞同。两者相结合非常好。”have sth. done 意为“使 某事被做”。linked 项意为“相联系的”；related 意为“有关的”；connected 意为“相连接的”；combined 项意为“同时做，兼有”。由句中 I can’t agree more 可知，应选 D 项，其余三项不符合语境。 7.(湖北卷)Duty is an act or a course of action that people you to take by social customs, law or religion. A. persuade B. request C. instruct D. expect 【答案】D 【解析】expect sb. to do 意为“期待/希望某人做某事”。request 是一种非常客气的请 求。persuade 是“说服”的意思，instruct 是“指导、指示”的意思。 8.(湖北卷)Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality. A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes 【答案】C 【解析】“要选一个表示“反映”的词，就是 reflect。“resemble” = look like; “strengthen”表示“加强，巩固”；“shape”作动词表示“塑形”。 句意： 就好像一个人穿什么，吃什么，以及和什么样的人交往能反映人的个性一样，一 个人的住房也是如此。 9. (湖北卷)Had she_________ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University. A. looked up to B. lived up to C. kept up with D. come up with 【答案】B 【解析】根据句意：“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。”只有 live up to（履行，实行）符合题意。look up to（尊重）；keep up with（跟上）；come up with（追赶上；想出；提出）。 10.(江苏卷)Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened. A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached 【答案】C 【解析】attract sb.意为“吸引某人”。句意：成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博 会。 11.(江苏卷)The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets. A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out 【答案】C 【解析】rule out 排除（可能性）。find out 意为“查找出”；point out 意为“指出”；carry out 意为“执行，实施”。句意：这项实验排除了那个行星上存在生命的可能性， 但这并不代表其他行星上也没有生命。 12.(江西卷)Parents much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift. A. attach B. pay C. link D. apply 【答案】A 【解析】attach much importance to 意为“认为……很重要；关注=pay much attention to”。 句意：家长认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价礼物的。 13.(江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just sweet dreams. A. keep up with B. put up with C. end up with D. catch up with 【答案】C 【解析】keep up with 意为“保持”；put up with 意为“忍受”；end up with 意为“以…… 为结束”； catch up with 意为“赶上”。句意：睡觉前闻闻花的香味，你也许会 做上好梦。 14.(辽宁卷)Thousands of people _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland. A. turned on B. turned in C. turned around D. turned out 【答案】D 【解析】考查短语动词的用法。turn out 有“外出”的意思，而 turn on 则是“打开”， turn in“上床睡觉, 上缴”等意思；turn around 是“转身”的意思。只有 turn out 符合语境。句意：数千人出来观看昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。 15.(辽宁卷)The new movie _________to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A. promises B. agrees C. pretends D. declines 【答案】A 【解析】promise 除了表示“允诺，答应”外，还有“有……的希望”的意思；agree 是“同 意，赞同”的意思；pretend 是“假装”的意思；decline 是“衰老，衰退”的意 思。只有 promises 符合题意。句意：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高 的影片之一。 16.(山东卷)Sam _______ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up 【答案】C 【解析】表示“学到，尤其指不正规的学到”用 pick up; pick up 另外还有“捡起;顺车 接送,搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等意义；bring up 表示“抚养，教 育；提出；呕吐”的意思；look up 表示“向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅” 的意思；set up 表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”意思。句意：山姆只是凭借着 看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。 17.(山东卷)Your house is always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children? A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct 【答案】A 【解析】表示“设法做成某事”用 manage it。serve 意为“为……服务；接待”；adapt 意为“使适应，使适合”；construct 意为“建造，构筑；构思”。句意：你家 里总是那么整洁－－家里有三个孩子，你是怎么设法做到的? 18.(陕西卷)You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _________ you, I suppose. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 【答案】A 【解析】agree with 意为“同意，赞成；与……相适应”；agree to 意为“同意，赞成（观 点，看法等）”；agree on 意为“就……达成协议”；agree about 意为“对……有 相同的看法”。句意：你看上去很好。我认为：三亚的空气和海鲜很适合你。 19.(四川卷)Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what _________nice. A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes 【答案】A 【解析】与上句中的 eat with their eyes 相对，后句应该为看起来很好吃的东西。故正 确答案为 A 项。 20.(四川卷) Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left. A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up 【答案】B 【解析】get up 意为“起床，起立”。故选 B。take up 意为“从事，占据时间或空间”； shut up 意为“闭嘴”；set up 意为“建造，搭起”。句意：Jenny 正在找一个座 位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。 21.(天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to_______ three air tickets to London. A. order B. arrange C. take D. book 【答案】D 【解析】book 和 tickets 搭配，是“订票”的意思。句意：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去 伦敦的机票。 22.(天津卷) Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and _______ as a manager. A. ended up B. dropped out C. came back D. started off 【答案】A 【解析】ended up as 是“作为……而结束”的意思；dropped out 是“退出，退学”的 意思；came back 是“回来”的意思；started off 是“动身，出发”的意思。只 有 A 项符合题意。句意：作为一名职员加入公司，他很快得到提升，最后当上了 经理。 23.(浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly __ the plan to build a playground for children. A. consider B. support C. confirm D. submit 【答案】B 【解析】consider 意为“考虑，思考，认为等”；support 意为“支持，拥护，维持”；confirm 意为“证实，确认”；submit 意为“使屈服，使经受”。句意：镇上的大多数人都 积极地支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。 24.(浙江卷)After that, he knew he could ________any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. A. get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across 【答案】C 【解析】get away with 意为“侥幸逃脱”；get on with 意为“与……有好相处”；get through 意为“接通，顺利通过，完成”；get across 意为“被理解，越过”。句意：经过 那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。 2011 年 1.（新课标卷）I can _________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean. A. come up with B. put up with C. turn to D. stick to 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。”come up with 意为“想出， 提出”；put up with 意为“忍受, 容忍”；turn to 意为“转向，翻到（书的页数）， 求助于，(使)变成”；stick to 意为“坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于”。 2.（新课标卷）William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight Was beginning to . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage 【答案】C 【解析】disappear 意为“消失，不复存在”；fall 意为“降落，跌倒，降低”；fail 意为 “(指健康)衰退, 衰弱”；damage 意为“损害，毁坏，加害于”。句意：William 发 现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退。 3.（大纲卷）Mary, I _________John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised 【答案】B 【解析】句意：玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。remind… of… 意为“就…… 提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起……”；warn…of…意为“就……警告(某人)”。 4.（湖北卷）Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _______our thinking. A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve 【答案】B 【解析】direct 意为“指示，指引，导演（戏剧或电影），指挥（管弦乐队）”；limit 意为 “限制”；change 意为“改变”；improve 意为“改进，改善”。根据句中 but 的转 折，选 B。句意：如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限 制我们的思维。 5.（湖北卷）The minister said, “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never ________ with criminals.” A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult 【答案】A 【解析】根据句中的“discussions”可知后面的空格是“谈判”，故答案为 A。本句意思 是：部长说“我们愿意跟任何合法的组织进行会谈，但我们决不会跟罪犯谈判。” negotiate 意为“谈判；商谈”；quarrel 意为“争吵；吵架”；argue 意为“争 论；辩论”；consult 意为“商量；商讨；咨询”。 6.（湖北卷）Clinical evidence began to _______, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate 【答案】D 【解析】句中的“a wider range of ...”可知证据开始积累，故答案为 D。本句意思是： 医学证据开始积累，这表明这些新药比起在实验室里在动物身上所做的预测还有 着更大范围的益处。operate 意为“操作；运行; 做手术”；strengthen 意为“加 强”； approve 意为“同意；赞成；批准”；accumulate 意为“积累；积聚”。 7.（湖北卷）The government has taken measures to ______ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down 【答案】B 【解析】take down 意为“记下，拿下，拆除；拆卸”；bring down 意为“使……降下来， 减少，打倒，击败”；hand down 意为“把……传下去，留给”；tear down 意为“拆 毁，撕毁”。根据后面的“以保持市场的稳定”选择 B。句意：政府已采取措施使日 常用品的高物价下降以保持市场的稳定。 8.（山东卷）They are broadening the bridge to ______ the flow of traffic. A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out 【答案】B 【解析】put off 意为“推迟”；speed up 意为“加快”；turn on 意为“打开（水、电视、 收音机、灯、煤气等）”；work out 意为“算出，实现”。句意：他们正在拓宽桥梁 以加快交通流量。 9.（江西卷）You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t _____ as you expect. A. run out B. break out C. work out D. put out 【答案】C 【解析】run out 意为“耗尽”；break out 意为“打破，爆发”；work out 意为“算出，实 现”；put out 意为“扑灭”。句意：你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那 样实现。 10.（江苏卷）—Are you still mad at her? —Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你还生她的气吗？”“不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny 意为“否认，否定”；refuse，reject ，decline 都表示“拒绝”的意思。not deny 意为“无法否认”，故选 A 项。 11.（江苏卷）—You look upset. What’s the matter? —I had my proposal _____ again. A. turned over B. turned on C. turned off D. turned down 【答案】D 【解析】turned over 是“翻书，翻身，翻倒” 的意思；turned on 是“开” 的意思；turned off 是“关” 的意思；turned down 是“拒绝”的意思。根据句意，应该是“我 的建议遭到拒绝”。 12.（安徽卷）As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops 【答案】D 【解析】句意：随着故事的展开，这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。Develop 意为“开 发, 发展”，“把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来”，根据句意选 D 项。 13.（安徽卷）If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【答案】A 【解析】come across 是“偶然遇到，碰到、邂逅、发现”的意思；care about 意为“关 心，在乎”；look for 意为“寻找”；focus upon 意为“专注于”。句意：如果你 发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。 14.(浙江卷) The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it, A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with 15.（浙江卷） He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______ at a hotel for the night. A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 【答案】D 【解析】put down 意为“放下，平定，镇压，记下”；put off 意为“推迟”；put on 意为 “穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加”；put up 意为“举起，建立，张贴，投宿”。 根据句意选 D。句意：他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。 16.（福建卷）I’d prefer to _________my judgment until I find all the evidence. A. show B. express C. pass D. reserve 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。Reserve 意为“预订或保留(座 位、住处等)， 推迟，留到以后”与后面的 until 相一致。 17.（福建卷）Born into a family with three brothers, David was_________ to value the sense of sharing. A. brought up B. turned down C. looked after D. held back 【答案】A 【解析】句意：出生在一个有三个哥哥的家庭里，戴维被教导要重视分享意识。bring up 意为“养育，抚养，教养”；turn down 意为“拒绝，（把声音等）调低”；look after 意为“照料，照看”；hold back 意为“阻挡，妨碍，控制感情，隐瞒不讲”。根据 句意可知 A 项正确。 18.（四川卷）To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test. A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over 【答案】A 【解析】go over 意为“审查，复习，重温从头到尾检查一遍”；get over 意为“越过，完 成，克服(困难)，从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来”；turn over 意为“翻身， 翻转，把……移交”；take over 意为“接管，接替”。句意：为了获得好成绩，你 应该在考试前好好复习这些笔记。 19.（四川卷） I often_______ the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet. A. look up B. look at C. look for D. look into 【答案】A 【解析】look up 意为“查（单词、电话号码等）”；look at 意为“看，注视(某人或某物)”； look for 意为“寻找”；look into 意为“深入地检查，研究，调查”。句意：我 经常在字典里或网上查我所不懂的单词。 20.（辽宁卷）What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re ______ to be asleep. A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered 【答案】A 【解析】out of bed 意为“未上床，起床”；be supposed to do 意为“应当，应该”。句 意：Tom，你不睡觉做什么？你现在应该睡觉。 21.（辽宁卷）You are old enough to _________your own living. A. win B. gain C. take D. earn 【答案】D 【解析】句意：你已经到了可以自己谋生的年龄了。earn one’s living 意为“挣钱；维 持生计”，为固定搭配，还可以说“make one’s living”。 22.（辽宁卷）The exam results will be _____ on Friday afternoon. A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away 【答案】C 【解析】put up 意为“举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；投宿，留宿”；put down 意为“放 下；平定，镇压，取缔；记下，写下”；put off 意为“延期，推迟；拖延”；put away 意为“收起来，放好；储存；关押”。 句意：这次考试结果将在星期五下午 张贴公布。 23.（天津卷）I _______ a bank account after I made﹩1 000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. A. borrowed B. opened C. entered D. ordered 【答案】C 【解析】borrow 意为“借（入）”；open 意为“开设”；enter 意为“进入”；order 意为“命 令、订购”。根据句意可确定选项为 B。open a bank account 指“开设银行账户”。 句意：我在暑假中做了一份兼职工作挣了 1 000 美元之后在银行开了个账户。 24.（天津卷）She ________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. A. turned down B. dealt with C. took after D. came across 【答案】D 【解析】turn down 意为“拒绝”；deal with 意为“对付，处理”；take after 意为“ 与…… 相像，性格 类似于，效仿”；come across 意为“穿过，越过，偶然遇见”。句意：昨天在百货 商店购物时， 她遇上了她的老朋友。 25.（陕西卷）Some insects ________the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out 【答案】C 【解析】take in意为“吸收，欺骗”；take off意为“拿走, 取下，脱去（衣服等），起飞， 事业上的成功/腾飞”；take on意为“承担，呈现，雇用”；take out意为“把…… 带出去，清除, 除掉”。句意：一些昆虫为了保护自己，让自己的体色与其周围环 境的颜色相似。 1.We can no longer ________ to consider water an almost free resource that we can use as much as we like. A. permit B. afford C. expect D. offer 【答案】B 【解析】permit doing sth.允许做某事；expect to do sth.期望做某事；offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事；afford to do sth.承受得起做某事。句意：我们再也承受不起把水看作免费的资源，想用 多少就用多少。 2.His mother kept telling him to his manners at the party. So he became impatient. A. mind B. notice C. watch D. care 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他的母亲不停地告诉他在晚会上要注意举止，所以他很不耐烦。此处 mind 表示“注意， 留心”。notice 表示“注意到”；watch 表示“观察”，都不符合语意；care 通常 用作不及物动 词，后面不直接跟宾语。 3. To the couple’s relief, their only son is now fully to health after two months of treatment. A. reformed B. refreshed C. restored D. renewed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：令这对夫妇欣慰的是，他们的独生子经过两个月的治疗完全康复了。reform 意为“改革，改善”；refresh 意为“使精神振作”；restore 意为“恢复(健康)， 修复”，restore sb. to health“使某人恢复健康”；renew 意为“使更新，重新 开始，恢复精力”。 4.We ________ that the magazines you have borrowed be returned to the school library before the end of this month. A. hoped B. permitted C. wished D. required 【答案】D 【解析】以上四个动词，只有“require”有“require that…should+原形动词”的句型。 “should”还可以省略。 5.The former football champion is __________ of selling heroin to a number of drug users. A. accustomed B. accused C. adjusted D. charged 【答案】B 【解析】be accused of=be charged with 意为“被指控”。 6.More and more young girls are ______ to South Korean soap operas because of the beautiful scenes in them. A adapted B addicted C admitted D affected 【答案】B 【解析】be addicted to 表示“对……上瘾/入迷”。 7.The headmaster will __________ a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon. A. deliver B. address C. announce D. declare 【答案】A 【解析】解题关键：掌握短语 deliver a speech=make a speech 意为“做演讲”。 8.The two families have________ their disagreements out of court in a friendly way, and this is what all of us expected to see. A. settled B. solved C. defeated D. overcame 【答案】A 【解析】句意：两家人在法庭外以友好的方式解决了争端, 这也正是我们所有的人所期望看 到的。此处 settle 表示“解决”。solve 虽然也有“解决”之意, 但它的宾语通 常是“问题, 疑惑, 奥秘”等, 后两项分别表示“打败”, “克服”, 与所给语 境不符。 9. The new policy will ________ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge. A. discount B. support C. approve D. benefit 【答案】D 【解析】句意：新政策规定 65 岁以上的老人乘公交车免费，这使老人们受益。动词 benefit 意为“使受益，对……有用”，合乎语境。 10.Speaking of public health, the spokesman says Chinese government will go all out to ________ product quality, especially food safety. A. confirm B. ensure C. devote D. commit 【答案】B 【解析】confirm 意为“证实，证明，肯定，确认”；commit 意为“(就)……作出保证，承 诺”；devote 意为“致力于”；ensure 意为“确保，担保”。句意：谈到公共健康 时，那个发言人说，中国政府将全力以赴确保产品质量，特别是食品安全。 11. The professor’s speech on environment protection was well ________ by the students. A. paid B. made C. congratulated D. received 【答案】D 【解析】be well received 意为“受到欢迎”。句意：教授关于环保的演说受到学生们的欢 迎。 12.Drivers, as the traffic rules say, have to stop their cars and wait until the traffic signals green. A. get B. grow C. turn D. become 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查系动词用法的区别。句意：正如交通规则所述，驾驶员要停车等待直到交 通信号变绿。 四个系动词都可接形容词表变化，但 turn 后常接表颜色的形容词。 13.If you keep practising your son in football, he ________to make a famous player. A. wants B. hopes C. promises D. wishes 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练，他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise 意为“有前 途，有……的可能”。 14.What the young man can’t ________is that his mum always treats him like a baby. A. support B. undertake C. hold D. bear 【答案】D 【解析】bear 此处表示“忍受”；support 表示“支持”；undertake 表示“从事”；hold 则表示“容纳”。根据语意“那个年轻人无法容忍的是他的妈妈老师把他当小孩 看待”，选 D 项。 15.The girl nodded with a smile as if she had ________his mind. A. read B. found C. watched D. noticed 【答案】A 【解析】read one’s mind 是固定搭配，表示“读懂某人的心思”。 16.Thanks to the success of the business, we can ________a flat this year. A. make B. devote C. remove D. afford 【答案】D 【解析】句意：由于生意很好，今年我们能买得起房子了。Afford 意为“买得起，负担得起”。 17.The idea of travelling abroad really _______a lot of Chinese people. That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports. A. takes to B. caters to C. attends to D. appeals to 【答案】D 【解析】根据题中的后一句可知，出国游吸引了很多中国人，因此选择 appeal to 意为“吸 引”。cater to 意为“迎合，满足某人的要求”；attend to 意为“照看，处理”； take to 意为“开始喜欢”。 18.He didn’t ________what I said because his mind was on something else. A. hold on B. hang on C. take in D. get over 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他没有理解我说的话，因为他刚才想别的呢。take in 意为“理解，领会”； hold on 意为“不挂断（电话）”；hang on 意为“坚持，不挂断（电话），靠着， 渴望”；get over 意为“爬过，克服，熬过，恢复”。 19.—I heard Back Street would sing at the New Theater. —Where did you _____? A. pick that up B. put that up C. make that up D. take that up 【答案】A 【解析】pick up 为“获悉或打听到消息”之意。句意：“我听说 Back Street 将在新戏院 演唱。”“你从何处得到这个消息的？” 20.As I have an important exam tomorrow, I plan to for study tonight. A. make up B. stay up C. turn up D. keep up 【答案】B 【解析】make up 意为“构成；化妆；弥补”；stay up 意为“熬夜；不睡觉”；turn up 意 为“出现，调大音量”；keep up 意为“保持”。句意：因为明天有个重要的考试， 所以我计划今天晚上熬夜学习。 21.In order to make as much profit as possible，we must a lot more new business. A. bring in B. bring about C. take in D. take over 【答案】A 【解析】句意：为了赚更多的钱，我们必须引进更多的新业务。bring in 意为“吸引，引 入”，符合句意。bring about 意为“带来，造成”；take in 意为“领会；接受； 欺骗”；take over 意为“接管，接任”。 22.It seems impossible that the old lady who is so seriously ill can ________ this winter. A. live through B. go through C. pass through D. get through 【答案】A 【解析】句意：看起来老太太病得很严重，度过这个冬天似乎 是不可能的。live through 意为“度过”，符合句意。go through 意为“通过”；pass through 意 为“穿过”；get through 意为“接通”。 23.—How did it that you made such a silly mistake？ —I myself haven’t figured it out yet. A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. come on 【答案】B 【解析】come about 意为“发生，产生”，用于 How did it come about that. . . 的句 式中，意为“……怎么发生的？”。bring about 意为“使发生，导致”；come across“偶遇，不期而遇”；come on 用于督促对方或鼓励对方，意为“赶快，快 点”。 24.—When did you staying up so late? —When I entered this school two years ago, where students have too much homework to do. A. take in B. take on C. take down D. take to 【答案】D 【解析】take to 在本句中的意思是“逐渐习惯于做某事”。 25.The volcano erupted violently , yet the village at the foot of it should _________. A. come through B. go through C. get through D. pass through 【答案】A 【解析】句意：那座火山剧烈的喷发而山脚下的那个村庄竟然安然渡过危险。此处 come through 意为“（安然渡过）危机，疾病等”。 26.—Sorry, sir. If my bike doesn’t , I won’t be late for school again. —What you say is hard to believe. This is the eighth time you have said so. A. work out B. come across C. put off D. break down 【答案】D 【解析】break down 意为“出故障，出毛病”，符合题意。 27.After studying English for four years in a university, Jane her job as an interpreter in the capital. A. set out B. set up C. took off D. took up 【答案】D 【解析】此处 take up 意为“从事”。前三项分别表示“出发，开始”“建立”“脱掉， 起飞”，都不符合语境。 28.This company is closing up, so lots of workers will be ______. A. laid down B. laid out C. laid off D. laid aside 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这家公司要关张了，所以许多工人要下岗。此处 laid off 意为“下岗”。 29.The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills. A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on 【答案】C 【解析】分析题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。” 由题意可知，空缺处应该是“炫耀；展示”之意，故答案为 C 项。 30.The lectures given by Professor Smith ________a great number of students because of his humorous lecture style and rich knowledge. A. adapt to B. appeal to C. attend to D. contribute to 【答案】B 【解析】adapt to 意为“适应”，appeal to 意为“吸引”，attend to 意为“照料”， contribute to 意为 “对……作贡献”，故本题选 B 项。句意：由于 Smith 教授教学风格幽默，知识渊 博，他的课 吸引了许多学生。 31.—I think I should wear a dress instead of this jeans. —It’s just a small informal party，so you don’t have to________. A. warm up B. put up C. dress up D. keep up 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。”“这只是一个不太正式的小聚会，因 此，你不必刻意打扮。”dress up 意为“穿上特殊服装，乔装，化妆”。 32.Everyone in the village hoped that he would ________after a few days’ treatment. A. pick up B. come up C. keep up D. make up 【答案】A 【解析】句意：村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pick up 在本句中意为“好 转，恢复”；come up 意为“走上前来，发芽，发生”；keep up 意为“保持”；make up 意为“编造，弥补，化装，构成”。 33.It’s impossible for many people to have more free time because their work ________ much of their time. A. takes up B. takes over C. takes off D. takes in 【答案】A 【解析】take up 在本句中的意思是“占据(时空)”。 34.The market was filled with salted fish，________ the worst smell that you can imagine. A. sending off B. giving off C. putting off D. setting off 【答案】B 【解析】句意：市场上到处都是咸鱼，发出你能想象出的最难闻的气味。give off 意为“发 出，放出(蒸汽、光等)”；send off 意为“寄出，派遣”；put off 意为“推迟， 拖延”；set off 意为“出发，动身，使爆炸”。 35.The little child was curious about drawing. He ______ the young man and his hands. A. glared at B. stared at C. glanced at D. laughed at 【答案】B 【解析】stare at 意为“盯着看”； glared at 意为“对……怒目而视”； glanced at 意 为“对……匆匆一看/一瞥”； laughed at 意为“嘲笑”。句意：小男孩由于对画 画好奇所以他盯着年轻人和他的双手看来看去。 36.The most important words in this sentence have been ______, so it doesn’t make any sense. A. left out B. held out C. set out D. made out 【答案】A 【解析】此处 leave out 意为“遗漏”。句意：这个句子中最重要的词被遗漏了，所以没有 任何意义。 37.We spent many years studying the formation of rocks, experiencing many sufferings and even death. But our hard work _____in the end, and we made it. A. paid off B. made up C. gave away D. came out 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们的艰苦劳动终于得到回报，我们成功了。pay off 意为“偿清，回报”； make up 意为 “组成，编造，打扮”；give away 意为“分发”； come out 意为“出版，事实真相 大白”。根据 句意选 A 项。 38.The ship struggled in the storm and radio signals for help. A. gave off B. gave out C. gave up D. gave in 【答案】B 【解析】句意：那艘船在暴风中挣扎并发无线电信号求助。gave off 意为“发出（光、热/ 气味）”； gave out 意为“发出（光、热、信号等）”； gave up 意为“放弃”；gave in 意为“屈服， 让步”。根 据句意选 B 项。 39. All these documents must be ________the university you are applying for before December, 31. A. donated to B. sent in C. submitted to D. handed in 【答案】C 【解析】submit 表示“提交；呈递(文件、建议等)”；donated 表示“捐献”，不符合句 意；如果选用 B 项，应该用介词 to，不可用 in；hand in 可以表示“交上， 递交， 呈送”，其中的 in 为副词。 40.— Dad, the cat refuses to take medicine. It seems to get angry. — Oh, really? It’s dangerous! ________its attack! A. Watch out for B. Look after C. Take care of D. Look out 【答案】A 【解析】watch out for 表示“留意，留心，密切注意”；look after=take care of（照看， 照顾）不符合句 意；look out 不能接宾语。故选 A 项。 1-5ACAAD 6-10ABDDA 11-15BCADB 16-20CBADD 21-25CAABD 26-30BAAAA 31-35BBACB 36-40BBBAB 41-45ACBAA 46-50BCBBB