高考英语短文改错破题技巧学生用 8页

高考英语短文改错破题技巧(1) ‎ ‎　‎ 短文改错题中的常见错误类型 ‎1.动词：‎ ‎（1）主要考察能力：时态语态错误、主谓是否一致（第三人称单数）、动词的非谓语形式、固定搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。‎ ‎（2）出题形式：‎ ‎　　①时态混用 ‎　　ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.‎ ‎　　②主谓不一致 ‎　　ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.‎ ‎　　③固定搭配 ‎　　ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesn’t like the smell.‎ 练习：1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon ... ‎ ‎ 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. ‎ ‎ 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. ‎ ‎ 4. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. ‎ ‎2. 时态、语态方面的错误 ‎ ‎ 这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如: ‎ ‎ 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before. ‎ ‎ 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. ‎ ‎ 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “We’re having dinner ...” ‎ ‎ 4.... sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. ‎ ‎ 5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. ‎ ‎3.主谓一致方面的错误 ‎ ‎ 这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: ‎ ‎ 1. “I just want to know what the sign say.” ‎ ‎ 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. ‎ ‎ 3. Here are the information about Manchester‎ ‎University. ‎ ‎ 4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ... ‎ ‎4.名词：‎ ‎（1）主要考察能力：名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“’s”的误置等。‎ ‎（2）出题形式：‎ ‎　　单复数混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.‎ ‎　　讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，应此应该把year改为years。‎ ‎　　注意：代词单复数混用类似。‎ ‎　　As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.‎ ‎　　讲解：显然因该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。‎ 练习：1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. ‎ ‎ 2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. ‎ ‎ 3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. ‎ ‎ 4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ... ‎ ‎5. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. ‎ ‎6. There are branch library in many villages. ‎ ‎7. I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. ‎ ‎8. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. ‎ ‎5.形容词/副词 ‎（1）主要考察能力：误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。‎ ‎（2）出题形式：‎ ‎　形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。‎ ‎　　①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中 ‎　　ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.‎ ‎　　②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中 ‎　　ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”‎ 练习：1. They came back lately and had some tea. ‎ ‎ 2.... you always gave me specially attention ... ‎ ‎ 3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. ‎ ‎ 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ... ‎ ‎ 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. ‎ ‎ 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. ‎ ‎7. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. ‎ ‎8. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. ‎ ‎9. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. ‎ ‎6.介词 ‎（1）主要考察能力：这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等，（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。‎ ‎（2）出题形式：‎ ‎　　①介词省略 ‎　　ie, I’m surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.‎ ‎　　②介词多余 ‎　　ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.‎ ‎　　③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)‎ ‎　　ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”‎ 练习：1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised ... ‎ ‎ 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. ‎ ‎ 3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves ... ‎ ‎ 4. ... he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes ... ‎ ‎ 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. ‎ ‎ 6. Could you share your experience for us? ‎ ‎ 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. ‎ ‎8. Bill insisted in staying near the car. ‎ ‎ 9. When they came down the police were angry to them. ‎ ‎10. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. ‎ 练习： 动词 ‎1. He lied down by the side of the path to rest. ‎ ‎2. Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. ‎ ‎3. Books may be keep for four weeks. ‎ ‎4. …and let you know when the book you want has returned. ‎ ‎5. Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. ‎ ‎6. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. ‎ ‎7. I‘d like to your pen-friend， and get to know more about your country. ‎ ‎8. What your favourite sport？ ‎ ‎9. I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football. ‎ ‎10. I was used to watch it every night. ‎ ‎11.There will an important game next month. ‎ ‎12. Because of so much viewing， children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. ‎ ‎13. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. ‎ ‎14. As we were all left home  at an early age. ‎ ‎15. I often dream of a teacher. ‎ 主谓一致 ‎1. Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. ‎ ‎2. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. ‎ ‎3. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. ‎ ‎4. But then there is always more mysteries to look into. ‎ ‎5. But not all information are good to society. ‎ ‎6. So then， a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. ‎ ‎7. If I listen to my own records， there are no need to spend money. ‎ ‎8． …you  will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors‘ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. ‎ ‎9. One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. ‎ 时态 ‎1. We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop… ‎ ‎2. …and had returned to the car！ Bill is standing at the side of the car ‎ ‎3. Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday，police cars hurry to the…‎ ‎4. Today，it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. ‎ ‎5. Also，scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. ‎ ‎6 . Anyone may borrow books， and it cost nothing to borrow them. ‎ ‎7． If the book you will want is out， you may ask for it to be called back for you. ‎ ‎8． I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. ‎ ‎9．They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. 10．I learn about you from my English teacher，Miss Fang. ‎ ‎11．My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. ‎ ‎12. I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. ‎ ‎13．I‘d like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very… ‎ ‎14．I remembered her words and calm down. ‎ ‎15．They did not want me to do   any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to… ‎ ‎16．He said he is busy. ‎ ‎17．On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. ‎ ‎18． But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. ‎ ‎19． At once I apologize   and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.‎ ‎20． Sometimes， we talked to each other very well in class， but after class we become stranger at once. ‎ ‎21． She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor‘s house. ‎ ‎22． We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. ‎ ‎23． I am always young when I was staying with them. ‎ ‎24. David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. ‎ ‎25. …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. ‎ ‎26. Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. ‎ ‎27. …you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. ‎ 高考英语短文改错破题技巧(2) ‎ ‎7.连词 ‎（1）主要考察能力：前后两句话之间的衔接关系，要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and, or, but, not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等，though不与but连用，because不与so连用等。‎ ‎（2）常考三种关系：‎ ‎　　but转折 and并列 because/so因果 ‎　 ①ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. ‎ ‎②ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.‎ 练习：　1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. ‎ ‎ 2. I became very active but made new friends. d ‎ ‎ 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. ‎ ‎ 4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately. ‎ ‎ 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. ‎ ‎ 6．We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. ‎ ‎7. I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. ‎ ‎8. It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it. ‎ ‎9. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. ‎ ‎10. I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won several games. ‎ ‎8. 冠词 ‎（1）主要考察能力：这类错误多指a(n)与the的误用，a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词，不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。‎ ‎（2）出题形式：‎ ‎　　①冠词多余 ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 o’clock, when the game just began. ‎ ‎　　②冠词遗漏 As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. ‎ 练习：1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784. ‎ ‎ 2.... the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with ... ‎ ‎ 3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the prison. ‎ ‎ 4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. ‎ ‎5. After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. ‎ ‎6. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. ‎ ‎7. Good health is person’s most valuable possession. ‎ ‎8. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. ‎ ‎9. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. ‎ ‎9.代词 ‎（1）主要考察能力：代词是否多余，以及与反身代词之间的混用。这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代词宾格的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词的指代错误等。‎ ‎（2）出题形式：‎ ‎　　①代词多余 ‎　　ie, Don’t lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, I’m sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.‎ ‎　　②代词混用 ‎　　ie, We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. ‎ ‎③代词遗漏 A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. ‎ 练习：1. ... the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. ‎ ‎ 2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long ... ‎ ‎ 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry. ‎ ‎ 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted... ‎ ‎ 5. I just smiled to me and thought ... ‎ ‎ 6.... your life in your country is quite different from me. ‎ ‎ 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. ‎ ‎8. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. ‎ ‎9. When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. ‎ ‎10. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. ‎ ‎11. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. ‎ ‎10.从句 ‎　　（1）主要考察能力：常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。‎ ‎　　（2）出题形式：‎ ‎①ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. ‎ ‎②ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.‎ 练习：1. In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. ‎ ‎2. Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it. ‎ ‎3. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. ‎ ‎4.However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. ‎ ‎5. …in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. ‎ ‎11. 短语、句型固定搭配错误 ‎ 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。‎ ‎ 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. .‎ ‎ 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. ‎ ‎ 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game… ‎ ‎12、缺词考点 与多词错误的情形相似，漏词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来，漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词，在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to，在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词(尤其是漏加不定冠词)，漏掉表特指的定冠词，漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be，漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be，漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词(如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of，漏掉 because of 中的 of，漏掉 instead of 中的 of等)，漏掉某些从句的“引导词”(通常会导致意义不通)，等等。‎ 练习： (1) When I have free time I go a long walk. ‎ ‎(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. ‎ ‎(3) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. ‎ ‎(4) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. ‎ ‎(5) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. ‎ ‎13. 多词考点 多词错误主要涉及英语中一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级more等。具体说来，多词错误可能涉及的问题有：及物动词后接宾语时误加介词，在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to，在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词，在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词in, on, for 等，误加一些导致语义重复的小词(如two 与both连用，all 与whole 连用等)，在本身已是比较级的词前误加more，在不是从句的地方误加从句“引导词”，在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”(如冠词、介词、副词等)，等等。‎ 练习：(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. ‎ ‎(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. ‎ ‎(3) In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. ‎ ‎(4) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are ill. ‎ 英语短文改错练习 ‎(一)‎ I often dream of a teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but watch them  growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledge,  you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. Only in this way can you be good teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.      ‎ ‎（二）‎ It is a pleasure for you to write this letter to tell how much I enjoyed my stay in your whole family last week. This was my first visit to a English family. At first, I was worried about my poor English. And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces. I immediately knew that everything would be all right. There are many more happy memories of the week that I will keep them with me forever. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. I also like the fishing trip. It was such much fun.    ‎ ‎（三）‎ I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin yet. I was then in a school for students from Tibet. As we were all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. We enjoyed our happy life. At weekends, we would play basketball, swimming in the pool, or go for a picnic. We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of you had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before. ‎ ‎（四）‎ During the summer of 2001, I started read books in English, mostly stories. I would learn a lot of new words from these books, but I had terribly problems memorizing them. I had to look up to the same word many times, for which was quite troublesome. I realized I do need a way to remember all this vocabulary. It was a great achievement for myself. I started writing down words from books that I read. I would come back from school, and then sit for an hour and two. I wrote down new words and added it to my collection. By the end of last year, my collection has grown to 3,000 words.  ‎