高考英语精练复习11 16页

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  • 2021-05-13 发布

高考英语精练复习11

  • 16页
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Unit 1 Art Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1. n.      信任;信心;信念 ‎2. n. 目标;目的 ‎    vi.& vt. 瞄准;(向某方向)努力 ‎3. adj. 典型的;有代表性的 ‎4. adj. 明显的;明白的 ‎5. vt. 采用;采纳;收养 ‎6. vt. 拥有;具有;支配 ‎7. n. (尤作复数)所有;财产 faith aim typical evident adopt possess possession ‎8. n. 技术;方法;技能 ‎9. n. 巧合(的事)‎ ‎10. adj. 荒谬的;可笑的 ‎11. n.& vt. 努力;尝试;企图 ‎12. vt. 预言;预告;预测 ‎13. adj. 确切的,特定的 ‎14. n. 画像;身材,数字 ‎15. n. 展览;陈列;展览会 ‎16. n. 束;串 technique coincidence ridiculous attempt predict specific figure exhibition bunch ‎17. vi. 有感染力;呼吁;求助 ‎   vt. 将……上诉 ‎   n. 呼吁;恳求 ‎18. n. 学者 ‎19. n. 喜爱;偏爱 ‎20. n. 名声;名誉 ‎21. n. 文明;文化;文明社会 ‎22. n. 区;区域;行政区 ‎23. n. 署名;签字 appeal scholar preference reputation civilization district signature Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1. ...on 集中……于 ‎2.a great 大量 ‎3.on the other 另一方面 ‎4.in the 活着的;本人 ‎5.be 值得(做……),有……的价值 ‎6. to 对……有吸引力 ‎7.all the 一直;始终 ‎8. coincidence 巧合地 ‎9. away from 挣脱;脱离 ‎10.in the of 以……方式 concentrate deal hand flesh worth appeal time by break style Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1.If the rules of perspective had not been discovered,no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.‎ ‎[信息提取] 此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 如果杰克进了那个球的话,我们就会赢得那场足球赛了。‎ If Jack had scored that goal,we________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 would have won the football match ‎2.By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time,which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.‎ ‎[信息提取] which引导的非限制性定语从句,对前面的整个句子进行限定。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 他是个英国人,那是我从他的口音中知道的。‎ He is an Englishman,________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 which I know from his accent ‎3.Without the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.‎ ‎[信息提取] without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件,所以主句用了虚拟语气。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 没有你的帮助,我不会取得这么大的进步。‎ Without your help,I________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】 wouldn’t have made such rapid progress ‎4.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.‎ ‎[信息提取] 句中to work outdoors是动词不定式作定语修饰painters。当名词被序数词修饰时,名词后用动词不定式作定语。‎ ‎[例句仿写] 第一批进到船里的是妇女和孩子。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________were women and children.‎ ‎【答案】 The first people to come into the boats aim ‎(1)n.瞄准,目标,目的 He took aim at the bird,fired and missed it.‎ 他瞄准一只鸟开火,却未打中。‎ She went to London with the aim of finding a job.‎ 她去伦敦是为了找工作。‎ ‎(2)v.瞄准,对准,旨在 I drove fast,aiming at catching the last bus.‎ 我开车很快,目的是赶上最后一班车。‎ I aim to be a doctor when I leave school.‎ 我打算毕业后当一名医生。‎ ‎1.(2009年成都第二次诊断)The education program________combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.‎ A.to aim at         B.aims at C.having aimed at D.aimed at ‎【解析】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,该句子主干为The education program is being widely spread throughout the country.题干中的“________combining brain work with manual labor”为主语的后置定语,D项符合,这里的aimed at可以被看做“(that/which is)aimed at”的省略形式。‎ ‎【答案】 D adopt vt.采用;采纳;收养 ‎①My mother was adopted when she was four.‎ 我母亲四岁时被人领养。‎ ‎②Our school has adopted a new teaching method.‎ 我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。‎ ‎③His adopted son went abroad last week.‎ 他的养子上周出国了。‎ The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a few months,the child came to adapt to his new life.这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子,领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。‎ ‎2.Our school has________a new teaching method to meet the requirement of the students.‎ A.adapted B.adopted C.adjusted D.advanced ‎【解析】 本题是对形似词的考查。adapt使适应,改编,改写;adjust调节,使适应;advance推进,促膝谈心。根据句意“为了满足学生们的要求,我们学校采用了新的教学法”可知,应选adopted,作“采用,采纳”讲,其他的词均不符合语境。‎ ‎【答案】 B possess vt.拥有;具有;支配 ‎①They used all the money they possessed.他们用完了所有的钱。‎ ‎②Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving.‎ 恐惧支配着他,使他无法动弹。‎ ‎③He is possessed of good health.他拥有健康的体魄。‎ ‎④The car Tom was in possession of was once in the possession of his uncle.汤姆拥有的车曾经是他叔叔的。‎ ‎⑤The finance company now has possession of the house.‎ 该金融公司现在拥有这所房子的所有权。‎ ‎⑥We lost all our possessions in the terrible earthquake.‎ 在可怕的地震中我们失去了所有财产。‎ ‎3.—Does the young man standing there______the company?‎ ‎—No.The company is________his father.‎ A.in possession of;in the possession of B.have possession of;in the possession of C.take possession of;in possession of D.have possession of;in possession of ‎【解析】 sb.take/have possession of sth.某人占有某物;sth.be in the possession of sb.某物在某人的控制之下。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎4.—How did you________the old valuable house?‎ ‎—It used to be ________my uncle.He left it to me in his will.‎ A.take possession of;in possession of B.take the possession of;in the possession of C.take possession of;in the possession of D.take the possession of;in possession of ‎【解析】 take possession of“拥有”为固定短语;第二空的主语为it即the house,所以使用表示被动的in the possession of。‎ ‎【答案】 C attempt ‎(1)n.努力;尝试;企图 Someone has made an attempt on the President’s life.‎ 有人企图刺杀总统。‎ I passed my driving test at the first attempt.‎ 我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。‎ ‎(2)vt.尝试,企图 The prisoners attempted an escape,but failed.‎ 囚犯企图逃跑,但失败了。‎ Every time I attempted to persuade her,I failed completely.‎ 每一次我都试图说服她,但全然不起作用。‎ They have attempted a difficult task.‎ 他们已经开始了一项艰难的任务。‎ ‎5.The Chinese are looking forward to the first________to land on the moon after Yang Liwei’s successful trip to space.‎ A.measure B.attempt C.purpose D.desire ‎【解析】 句意为:杨利伟成功在太空旅行后,中国人正盼望着首次登月的尝试。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎6.David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam,so that he could be sure of passing it at her first________.‎ A.purpose B.desire C.wish D.attempt ‎【解析】 考查名词辨析。作了充分的准备,这样“他就可以完全有把握在第一次参加时就可以通过”。attempt表示“尝试”的意思。‎ ‎【答案】 D figure ‎(1)n.数字;身体,体型;人物 How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?她吃得这么多,究竟是怎样保持身材的?‎ He was the outstanding political figure of his time.‎ 他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。‎ ‎(2)figure out理解,明白 I can’t figure out why he quit his job.‎ 我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。‎ ‎7.(2008年湖北卷)The present situation is very complex,so I think it will take me some time to________its reality.‎ A.make up B.figure out C.look through D.put off ‎【解析】 make up组成;化妆;编造;figure out理解,弄清楚;look through浏览;put off推迟。句意为:目前的形势非常复杂,因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。‎ ‎【答案】 B appeal ‎(1)n.呼吁;恳求 ‎①Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims.‎ 鲍勃发出了援助饥民的紧急呼吁。‎ ‎(2)vi.有感染力;呼吁;求助;vt.将……上诉 ‎②The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗罪案的信息。‎ ‎③Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?‎ 你对出国工作的主意感兴趣吗?‎ ‎④The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.‎ 北京2008年奥运会开幕式吸引了全世界的观众。‎ ‎⑤We appealed to him for help.我们向他求援。‎ ‎8.Since they won’t listen to the advice,we have to______force.‎ A.appeal to B.stick to C.keep to D.apply to ‎【解析】 appeal to呼吁,上诉,求助;stick to=keep to坚持;apply to适应。由句意“既然他们不听劝告,我们只好诉诸武力”可知,应选用appeal to求助于……。‎ ‎【答案】 A by coincidence 巧合地 By a strange coincidence,we happened to be travelling on the same train.巧得出奇,我们正好坐同一列火车。‎ By coincidence,I met the person we’d been discussing the next day.‎ 真是巧了,我在第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。‎ ‎(1)It is a coincidence that...……是巧合的 It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact moment.她正好在那个时候出现真是巧合。‎ ‎(2)What a coincidence!真巧!‎ What a coincidence!I wasn’t expecting to see you here.‎ 真巧!我没料到会在这里见到你。‎ ‎9.________,my deskmate and I were born on the same day and same year,so we have a lot in common.‎ A.By accident B.By chance C.By coincidence D.By adventure ‎【解析】 by accident=by chance偶然地,意外地。由句意“真巧,我和我的同桌同年同日生,所以我们有很多共同之处”可知,只能用by coincidence巧合地。‎ ‎【答案】 C a great deal大量地,非常多地 ‎(1)a great deal为副词性短语,修饰动词、形容词,尤其是修饰形容词比较级。‎ We learned a great deal from them.‎ 我们从他们那里学到很多东西。‎ After taking some pills,she felt a great deal better.‎ 吃了几片药后,她感觉好多了。‎ ‎(2)a great deal还可以作名词短语,用做不可数名词;或者作主语或宾语,作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ A great deal has been finished,but there is still much to be done.‎ 虽然已经完成了许多工作,但仍然有许多事情要做。‎ ‎(3)a great/good deal of接不可数名词,表示时间、金钱、麻烦等。‎ He has given me a great deal of help.他给了我很多帮助。‎ He has spent a large amount of money on his new house.‎ 他在新房子上花费了许多钱。‎ Don’t worry about it.We have plenty of time.‎ 不要着急,我们有充裕的时间。‎ ‎10.We will have to work________faster in order to complete our task on time.‎ A.a great deal of B.a great deal C.a great many of D.a great many ‎【解析】 考查短语辨析。a great deal大量,可单独使用,也可以用在比较级前。a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词,表示“大量的”。a great many (of)修饰可数名词。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎11.________work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.‎ A.Many B.A great many C.A great deal of D.A large number of ‎【解析】 本题考查表示“大量的”的限定词的具体用法。通过对选项进行分析,发现A、B和D三项后必须接可数名词的复数形式,a great deal of后接不可数名词,然后找到关键词work,便知正确答案非C莫属。‎ ‎【答案】 C on the other hand(可是)另一方面 on (the) one hand...,on the other ‎ hand...(引出不同的,尤指对立的观点、思想等)一方面……,另一方面(却)……‎ ‎①She was at a loss.On one hand she loved him;on the other hand she didn’t want to make her parents angry.‎ 她不知所措了。一方面她爱他,另一方面她不想让父母生气。‎ ‎②He is an able man,but on the other hand he is too proud.‎ 他是一位有能力的人,但是另一方面,他太自负了。‎ first(ly)...;second(ly)...第一……;第二……‎ for one thing...,for another...一则……,二则……‎ ‎③Firstly,I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success.首先,我要感谢对这次成功作出贡献的每一个人。‎ ‎④I’m not going to buy it;for one thing I don’t like the colour,and for another it’s far too expensive.‎ 我不买这东西;一是我不喜欢这颜色,二是太贵了。‎ ‎12.(2006年浙江卷)I would like a job which pays more,but________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.‎ A.in other words B.on the other hand C.for one thing D.as a matter of fact ‎【解析】 根据but前后的内容可知,前后分句构成的是对比关系,故用on the other hand来表示对比。in other words意为“换句话说”;for one thing意为“一则”,常与for another thing连用;as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。‎ ‎【答案】 B Without the new paints and the new technique,we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.‎ 没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法,我们就不能看到很多这一时期著名的作品。 ‎ without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件,所以主句用了虚拟语气。‎ Without your help,I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.‎ ‎=If you hadn’t helped me,I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.没有你的帮助,我不会取得这么大的进步。‎ Without plenty of rain,we couldn’t have so good a harvest.‎ 没有足够的雨水,我们就不可能有这么好的收成。‎ Without your timely help,I couldn’t have finished the work on time.没有你及时的帮助,我不可能按时完成工作。‎ ‎13.(2009年朝阳模拟)Without your timely help,we________in big trouble that day.‎ A.had been B.would be C.would have been D.were ‎【解析】 相当于If it hadn’t been for your timely help,we would have been in trouble that day.‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎14.(2009年安徽江南十校)________the help from the doctor,the little boy________his life.‎ A.Apart from;should have lost ‎ B.Without;could lose C.But for;would have lost ‎ D.Except for;would have lost ‎【解析】 句意为:要不是有医生的帮忙,这个孩子早就丢了性命了。此题也是考查虚拟用法。apart from撇开……来说,除外;without如果没有……;but for要不是……;except for除了……之外,只有without和but for可表示含蓄虚拟,所以排除A、D。结合句意可知本题是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟,故主句应该用would/should/could/might have+过去分词,所以C正确。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎15.(2009年山东青岛第一次质检)________your advice,I would have caught in the traffic and I wouldn’t have been there on time.‎ A.In spite of B.But for C.Because of D.As for ‎【解析】 句意为:要不是你的建议,我就会赶上交通堵塞,那样,我就不会及时到那里了。in spite of尽管;but for要不是;because of由于,因为;as for至于,就……而论。只有but for可以表示含蓄虚拟。‎ ‎【答案】 B Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Modern education should________(采用) some advanced teaching techniques.‎ ‎【答案】 adopt ‎2.A________(束,串) of flowers were delivered to me on Valentine’s Day.‎ ‎【答案】 bunch ‎3.His theory was so________(抽象的) that no one around him understood it.‎ ‎【答案】 abstract ‎4.The restaurant certainly lived up to its________(名誉);the food was delicious.‎ ‎【答案】 reputation ‎5.How do movies or television influence people’s behavior?Use reasons and________(具体的) examples to support your answer.‎ ‎【答案】 specific Ⅱ.选词填空 on the other hand;by coincidence;a great deal of;fix one’s attention;in possession of ‎1.______________________,we arrived there at the same time that afternoon.‎ ‎【答案】 By coincidence ‎2.You should________________________the study rather than playing games.‎ ‎【答案】 fix your attention on ‎3.We weren’t______________________the new house located in the suburban district until July.‎ ‎【答案】 in possession of ‎4.You can look up__________________information on the Internet,some of which is not reliable.‎ ‎【答案】 a great deal of ‎5.I would like to go to the party very much,but______________,I should stay at home to go over my lessons,for I will take a small quiz tomorrow.‎ ‎【答案】 on the other hand ‎ Ⅲ.巧思妙解 ‎1.(2010年成都第一次诊断)The prices of houses,________is often reported,have been going up sharply in the past few months.‎ A.which B.it C.as D.what ‎【解析】 as引导定语从句,它的位置比较灵活,常译为“正如……”。句意为:正如报道的那样,房价在最近几个月涨得很快。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎2.________is reported that Harry Potter is so interesting a book that all kids like to read it.‎ A.It B.Which C.As D.That ‎【解析】 it为形式主语,后面的that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎3.Tom was late again,________made the boss angry.‎ A.this B.that C.it D.which ‎【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句的连接词。this,that与it均应用于另一独立的句子中,which代替主句内容,引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎4.Tom worked hard,but________didn’t please the boss.‎ A.one B.it C.what D.which ‎【解析】 but为并列连词,故后句为一独立的句子。it代替前面的事情,在后句中作主语。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎5.(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)The road conditions there turned out to be very good,________was more than we could expect.‎ A.it B.what C.which D.that ‎【解析】 句意为:那里的路况证明是非常好的,这超出了我们的想像。which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B、D三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎6.(2007年全国卷Ⅱ)________felt funny watching myself on TV.‎ A.One B.This C.It D.That ‎【解析】 本题考查代词的用法。本题少的是一个主语,而后面的watching myself on TV则是真正的主语,是watching myself on TV这件事让人感到有趣,所以空格处应是形式主语it。A、B、D三个选项都无此用法。‎ ‎【答案】 C Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法——虚拟语气 ‎1.(2009年苏、锡、常、镇一模)If I________long enough to have a job,I would choose to be a doctor,________those AIDS patients.‎ A.had lived;helping B.should live;help C.were to live;helping D.should live;help ‎【解析】 句意为:要是我能活的足够长久来选择一个职业的话,我会选择当一位医生,来帮助那些艾滋病患者。本题第一空考查虚拟用法,根据主句的时态可判定条件句应用did/were to do/should do的形式,排除A;第二空是考查非谓语动词的用法,因为和主句主语存在逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎2.Without the timely help of our army,more people________their lives in the earthquake in Wenchuan.‎ A.would lose B.could lose C.should lose D.would have lost ‎【解析】 这是一句对过去事实进行假设的虚拟语气的句子,without the timely help of our army相当于“if there hadn’t been the timely help of our army”,因而主句应用情态动词的过去式加动词的完成时形式。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎3.—Were you in time for the meeting?‎ ‎—If I________told earlier,I would have.‎ A.had been B.was C.were to be D.should be ‎【解析】 考查虚拟语气。根据此句意思“如果早点告诉我,我就及时赶到了”可知这是表示与过去事实相反,故选A。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎4.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,the earth at night________,too cold for us to live.‎ A.would be freezing cold ‎ B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold ‎ D.can freeze coldly ‎【解析】 freezing cold意为“很冷”。“晚上地球太冷,我们不能生存”的假设与现在事实相反。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎5.________it________to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week.‎ A.Should;/ B.If;should C.Were;/ D.If;was going ‎【解析】 句意为:如果明天下雨的话,运动会将推迟到下周同一时间。该句考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,当省略if时,句子要倒装,正常语序的句子是:If it were to rain tomorrow,...‎ ‎【答案】 C