高考英语精练复习11 16页

Unit 1 Art Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1． n．　　　　　 信任；信心；信念 ‎2． n. 目标；目的 ‎　 　 vi.& vt. 瞄准；(向某方向)努力 ‎3． adj. 典型的；有代表性的 ‎4． adj. 明显的；明白的 ‎5． vt. 采用；采纳；收养 ‎6． vt. 拥有；具有；支配 ‎7． n. (尤作复数)所有；财产 faith aim typical evident adopt possess possession ‎8． n. 技术；方法；技能 ‎9． n. 巧合(的事)‎ ‎10． adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 ‎11． n．& vt. 努力；尝试；企图 ‎12． vt. 预言；预告；预测 ‎13． adj. 确切的，特定的 ‎14． n. 画像；身材，数字 ‎15． n. 展览；陈列；展览会 ‎16． n. 束；串 technique coincidence ridiculous attempt predict specific figure exhibition bunch ‎17． vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 ‎　 　vt. 将……上诉 ‎ 　　n. 呼吁；恳求 ‎18． n. 学者 ‎19． n. 喜爱；偏爱 ‎20． n. 名声；名誉 ‎21． n. 文明；文化；文明社会 ‎22． n. 区；区域；行政区 ‎23． n. 署名；签字 appeal scholar preference reputation civilization district signature Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1． ...on 集中……于 ‎2．a great 大量 ‎3．on the other 另一方面 ‎4．in the 活着的；本人 ‎5．be 值得(做……)，有……的价值 ‎6． to 对……有吸引力 ‎7．all the 一直；始终 ‎8． coincidence 巧合地 ‎9． away from 挣脱；脱离 ‎10．in the of 以……方式 concentrate deal hand flesh worth appeal time by break style Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.‎ ‎[信息提取]　此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　如果杰克进了那个球的话，我们就会赢得那场足球赛了。‎ If Jack had scored that goal，we________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　would have won the football match ‎2．By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.‎ ‎[信息提取]　which引导的非限制性定语从句，对前面的整个句子进行限定。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　他是个英国人，那是我从他的口音中知道的。‎ He is an Englishman，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　which I know from his accent ‎3．Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.‎ ‎[信息提取]　without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，所以主句用了虚拟语气。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。‎ Without your help，I________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　wouldn’t have made such rapid progress ‎4．The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors.‎ ‎[信息提取]　句中to work outdoors是动词不定式作定语修饰painters。当名词被序数词修饰时，名词后用动词不定式作定语。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　第一批进到船里的是妇女和孩子。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________were women and children.‎ ‎【答案】　The first people to come into the boats aim ‎(1)n.瞄准，目标，目的 He took aim at the bird，fired and missed it.‎ 他瞄准一只鸟开火，却未打中。‎ She went to London with the aim of finding a job.‎ 她去伦敦是为了找工作。‎ ‎(2)v.瞄准，对准，旨在 I drove fast，aiming at catching the last bus.‎ 我开车很快，目的是赶上最后一班车。‎ I aim to be a doctor when I leave school.‎ 我打算毕业后当一名医生。‎ ‎1．(2009年成都第二次诊断)The education program________combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.‎ A．to aim at　　　　　　　　 B．aims at C．having aimed at D．aimed at ‎【解析】　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，该句子主干为The education program is being widely spread throughout the country.题干中的“________combining brain work with manual labor”为主语的后置定语，D项符合，这里的aimed at可以被看做“(that/which is)aimed at”的省略形式。‎ ‎【答案】　D adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养 ‎①My mother was adopted when she was four.‎ 我母亲四岁时被人领养。‎ ‎②Our school has adopted a new teaching method.‎ 我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。‎ ‎③His adopted son went abroad last week.‎ 他的养子上周出国了。‎ The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life.这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。‎ ‎2．Our school has________a new teaching method to meet the requirement of the students.‎ A．adapted B．adopted C．adjusted D．advanced ‎【解析】　本题是对形似词的考查。adapt使适应，改编，改写；adjust调节，使适应；advance推进，促膝谈心。根据句意“为了满足学生们的要求，我们学校采用了新的教学法”可知，应选adopted，作“采用，采纳”讲，其他的词均不符合语境。‎ ‎【答案】　B possess vt.拥有；具有；支配 ‎①They used all the money they possessed.他们用完了所有的钱。‎ ‎②Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving.‎ 恐惧支配着他，使他无法动弹。‎ ‎③He is possessed of good health.他拥有健康的体魄。‎ ‎④The car Tom was in possession of was once in the possession of his uncle.汤姆拥有的车曾经是他叔叔的。‎ ‎⑤The finance company now has possession of the house.‎ 该金融公司现在拥有这所房子的所有权。‎ ‎⑥We lost all our possessions in the terrible earthquake.‎ 在可怕的地震中我们失去了所有财产。‎ ‎3．—Does the young man standing there______the company?‎ ‎—No.The company is________his father.‎ A．in possession of；in the possession of B．have possession of；in the possession of C．take possession of；in possession of D．have possession of；in possession of ‎【解析】　sb.take/have possession of sth.某人占有某物；sth.be in the possession of sb.某物在某人的控制之下。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎4．—How did you________the old valuable house?‎ ‎—It used to be ________my uncle.He left it to me in his will.‎ A．take possession of；in possession of B．take the possession of；in the possession of C．take possession of；in the possession of D．take the possession of；in possession of ‎【解析】　take possession of“拥有”为固定短语；第二空的主语为it即the house，所以使用表示被动的in the possession of。‎ ‎【答案】　C attempt ‎(1)n.努力；尝试；企图 Someone has made an attempt on the President’s life.‎ 有人企图刺杀总统。‎ I passed my driving test at the first attempt.‎ 我考汽车驾驶执照时一次就通过了。‎ ‎(2)vt.尝试，企图 The prisoners attempted an escape，but failed.‎ 囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。‎ Every time I attempted to persuade her，I failed completely.‎ 每一次我都试图说服她，但全然不起作用。‎ They have attempted a difficult task.‎ 他们已经开始了一项艰难的任务。‎ ‎5．The Chinese are looking forward to the first________to land on the moon after Yang Liwei’s successful trip to space.‎ A．measure B．attempt C．purpose D．desire ‎【解析】　句意为：杨利伟成功在太空旅行后，中国人正盼望着首次登月的尝试。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎6．David had prepared carefully for the chemistry exam，so that he could be sure of passing it at her first________.‎ A．purpose B．desire C．wish D．attempt ‎【解析】　考查名词辨析。作了充分的准备，这样“他就可以完全有把握在第一次参加时就可以通过”。attempt表示“尝试”的意思。‎ ‎【答案】　D figure ‎(1)n.数字；身体，体型；人物 How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much？她吃得这么多，究竟是怎样保持身材的？‎ He was the outstanding political figure of his time.‎ 他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。‎ ‎(2)figure out理解，明白 I can’t figure out why he quit his job.‎ 我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。‎ ‎7．(2008年湖北卷)The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to________its reality.‎ A．make up B．figure out C．look through D．put off ‎【解析】　make up组成；化妆；编造；figure out理解，弄清楚；look through浏览；put off推迟。句意为：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。‎ ‎【答案】　B appeal ‎(1)n.呼吁；恳求 ‎①Bob launched an urgent appeal for the famine victims.‎ 鲍勃发出了援助饥民的紧急呼吁。‎ ‎(2)vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助；vt.将……上诉 ‎②The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗罪案的信息。‎ ‎③Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?‎ 你对出国工作的主意感兴趣吗？‎ ‎④The opening ceremony of the Beijing 2008 Olympics appealed to the audience all over the world.‎ 北京2008年奥运会开幕式吸引了全世界的观众。‎ ‎⑤We appealed to him for help.我们向他求援。‎ ‎8．Since they won’t listen to the advice，we have to______force.‎ A．appeal to B．stick to C．keep to D．apply to ‎【解析】　appeal to呼吁，上诉，求助；stick to＝keep to坚持；apply to适应。由句意“既然他们不听劝告，我们只好诉诸武力”可知，应选用appeal to求助于……。‎ ‎【答案】　A by coincidence 巧合地 By a strange coincidence，we happened to be travelling on the same train.巧得出奇，我们正好坐同一列火车。‎ By coincidence，I met the person we’d been discussing the next day.‎ 真是巧了，我在第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。‎ ‎(1)It is a coincidence that...……是巧合的 It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact moment.她正好在那个时候出现真是巧合。‎ ‎(2)What a coincidence！真巧！‎ What a coincidence！I wasn’t expecting to see you here.‎ 真巧！我没料到会在这里见到你。‎ ‎9．________，my deskmate and I were born on the same day and same year，so we have a lot in common.‎ A．By accident B．By chance C．By coincidence D．By adventure ‎【解析】　by accident＝by chance偶然地，意外地。由句意“真巧，我和我的同桌同年同日生，所以我们有很多共同之处”可知，只能用by coincidence巧合地。‎ ‎【答案】　C a great deal大量地，非常多地 ‎(1)a great deal为副词性短语，修饰动词、形容词，尤其是修饰形容词比较级。‎ We learned a great deal from them.‎ 我们从他们那里学到很多东西。‎ After taking some pills，she felt a great deal better.‎ 吃了几片药后，她感觉好多了。‎ ‎(2)a great deal还可以作名词短语，用做不可数名词；或者作主语或宾语，作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ A great deal has been finished，but there is still much to be done.‎ 虽然已经完成了许多工作，但仍然有许多事情要做。‎ ‎(3)a great/good deal of接不可数名词，表示时间、金钱、麻烦等。‎ He has given me a great deal of help.他给了我很多帮助。‎ He has spent a large amount of money on his new house.‎ 他在新房子上花费了许多钱。‎ Don’t worry about it.We have plenty of time.‎ 不要着急，我们有充裕的时间。‎ ‎10．We will have to work________faster in order to complete our task on time.‎ A．a great deal of B．a great deal C．a great many of D．a great many ‎【解析】　考查短语辨析。a great deal大量，可单独使用，也可以用在比较级前。a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词，表示“大量的”。a great many (of)修饰可数名词。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎11．________work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.‎ A．Many B．A great many C．A great deal of D．A large number of ‎【解析】　本题考查表示“大量的”的限定词的具体用法。通过对选项进行分析，发现A、B和D三项后必须接可数名词的复数形式，a great deal of后接不可数名词，然后找到关键词work，便知正确答案非C莫属。‎ ‎【答案】　C on the other hand(可是)另一方面 on (the) one hand...，on the other ‎ hand...(引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)一方面……，另一方面(却)……‎ ‎①She was at a loss.On one hand she loved him；on the other hand she didn’t want to make her parents angry.‎ 她不知所措了。一方面她爱他，另一方面她不想让父母生气。‎ ‎②He is an able man，but on the other hand he is too proud.‎ 他是一位有能力的人，但是另一方面，他太自负了。‎ first(ly)．..；second(ly)．..第一……；第二……‎ for one thing...，for another...一则……，二则……‎ ‎③Firstly，I would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this success.首先，我要感谢对这次成功作出贡献的每一个人。‎ ‎④I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the colour，and for another it’s far too expensive.‎ 我不买这东西；一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是太贵了。‎ ‎12．(2006年浙江卷)I would like a job which pays more，but________I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.‎ A．in other words B．on the other hand C．for one thing D．as a matter of fact ‎【解析】　根据but前后的内容可知，前后分句构成的是对比关系，故用on the other hand来表示对比。in other words意为“换句话说”；for one thing意为“一则”，常与for another thing连用；as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。‎ ‎【答案】　B Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.‎ 没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多这一时期著名的作品。 ‎ without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，所以主句用了虚拟语气。‎ Without your help，I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.‎ ‎＝If you hadn’t helped me，I wouldn’t have made such rapid progress.没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的进步。‎ Without plenty of rain，we couldn’t have so good a harvest.‎ 没有足够的雨水，我们就不可能有这么好的收成。‎ Without your timely help，I couldn’t have finished the work on time.没有你及时的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。‎ ‎13．(2009年朝阳模拟)Without your timely help，we________in big trouble that day.‎ A．had been B．would be C．would have been D．were ‎【解析】　相当于If it hadn’t been for your timely help，we would have been in trouble that day.‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎14．(2009年安徽江南十校)________the help from the doctor，the little boy________his life.‎ A．Apart from；should have lost ‎ B．Without；could lose C．But for；would have lost ‎ D．Except for；would have lost ‎【解析】　句意为：要不是有医生的帮忙，这个孩子早就丢了性命了。此题也是考查虚拟用法。apart from撇开……来说，除外；without如果没有……；but for要不是……；except for除了……之外，只有without和but for可表示含蓄虚拟，所以排除A、D。结合句意可知本题是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，故主句应该用would/should/could/might have＋过去分词，所以C正确。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎15．(2009年山东青岛第一次质检)________your advice，I would have caught in the traffic and I wouldn’t have been there on time.‎ A．In spite of B．But for C．Because of D．As for ‎【解析】　句意为：要不是你的建议，我就会赶上交通堵塞，那样，我就不会及时到那里了。in spite of尽管；but for要不是；because of由于，因为；as for至于，就……而论。只有but for可以表示含蓄虚拟。‎ ‎【答案】　B Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Modern education should________(采用) some advanced teaching techniques.‎ ‎【答案】　adopt ‎2．A________(束，串) of flowers were delivered to me on Valentine’s Day.‎ ‎【答案】　bunch ‎3．His theory was so________(抽象的) that no one around him understood it.‎ ‎【答案】　abstract ‎4．The restaurant certainly lived up to its________(名誉)；the food was delicious.‎ ‎【答案】　reputation ‎5．How do movies or television influence people’s behavior？Use reasons and________(具体的) examples to support your answer.‎ ‎【答案】　specific Ⅱ.选词填空 on the other hand；by coincidence；a great deal of；fix one’s attention；in possession of ‎1．______________________，we arrived there at the same time that afternoon.‎ ‎【答案】　By coincidence ‎2．You should________________________the study rather than playing games.‎ ‎【答案】　fix your attention on ‎3．We weren’t______________________the new house located in the suburban district until July.‎ ‎【答案】　in possession of ‎4．You can look up__________________information on the Internet，some of which is not reliable.‎ ‎【答案】　a great deal of ‎5．I would like to go to the party very much，but______________，I should stay at home to go over my lessons，for I will take a small quiz tomorrow.‎ ‎【答案】　on the other hand ‎ Ⅲ.巧思妙解 ‎1．(2010年成都第一次诊断)The prices of houses，________is often reported，have been going up sharply in the past few months.‎ A．which B．it C．as D．what ‎【解析】　as引导定语从句，它的位置比较灵活，常译为“正如……”。句意为：正如报道的那样，房价在最近几个月涨得很快。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2．________is reported that Harry Potter is so interesting a book that all kids like to read it.‎ A．It B．Which C．As D．That ‎【解析】　it为形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．Tom was late again，________made the boss angry.‎ A．this B．that C．it D．which ‎【解析】　考查非限制性定语从句的连接词。this，that与it均应用于另一独立的句子中，which代替主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎4．Tom worked hard，but________didn’t please the boss.‎ A．one B．it C．what D．which ‎【解析】　but为并列连词，故后句为一独立的句子。it代替前面的事情，在后句中作主语。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎5．(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)The road conditions there turned out to be very good，________was more than we could expect.‎ A．it B．what C．which D．that ‎【解析】　句意为：那里的路况证明是非常好的，这超出了我们的想像。which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B、D三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎6．(2007年全国卷Ⅱ)________felt funny watching myself on TV.‎ A．One B．This C．It D．That ‎【解析】　本题考查代词的用法。本题少的是一个主语，而后面的watching myself on TV则是真正的主语，是watching myself on TV这件事让人感到有趣，所以空格处应是形式主语it。A、B、D三个选项都无此用法。‎ ‎【答案】　C Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法——虚拟语气 ‎1．(2009年苏、锡、常、镇一模)If I________long enough to have a job，I would choose to be a doctor，________those AIDS patients.‎ A．had lived；helping B．should live；help C．were to live；helping D．should live；help ‎【解析】　句意为：要是我能活的足够长久来选择一个职业的话，我会选择当一位医生，来帮助那些艾滋病患者。本题第一空考查虚拟用法，根据主句的时态可判定条件句应用did/were to do/should do的形式，排除A；第二空是考查非谓语动词的用法，因为和主句主语存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2．Without the timely help of our army，more people________their lives in the earthquake in Wenchuan.‎ A．would lose B．could lose C．should lose D．would have lost ‎【解析】　这是一句对过去事实进行假设的虚拟语气的句子，without the timely help of our army相当于“if there hadn’t been the timely help of our army”，因而主句应用情态动词的过去式加动词的完成时形式。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎3．—Were you in time for the meeting?‎ ‎—If I________told earlier，I would have.‎ A．had been B．was C．were to be D．should be ‎【解析】　考查虚拟语气。根据此句意思“如果早点告诉我，我就及时赶到了”可知这是表示与过去事实相反，故选A。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎4．Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night________，too cold for us to live.‎ A．would be freezing cold ‎ B．will be freezing coldly C．would be frozen cold ‎ D．can freeze coldly ‎【解析】　freezing cold意为“很冷”。“晚上地球太冷，我们不能生存”的假设与现在事实相反。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎5．________it________to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week.‎ A．Should；/ B．If；should C．Were；/ D．If；was going ‎【解析】　句意为：如果明天下雨的话，运动会将推迟到下周同一时间。该句考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，当省略if时，句子要倒装，正常语序的句子是：If it were to rain tomorrow，...‎ ‎【答案】　C