高考英语语法考点 16页

高考语法考点概述 一、 情态动词的考点 常用can/could句式:常用must句式：Shall /Should用法 Will—would--- used to;May/Might; Dare—dared; Need l 情态动词+不定式的完成式：‎ 二、形容词、副词的考点 l 有关比较级和more than 用法 l 比较级表最高级---比较级与否定句连用 l 倍数表达法 l 形容词作状语表主语做某动作的原因、结果或伴随状态。‎ l 特殊形式的“非常”及其他 l 以- ing/-ed 结尾的形容词:加 ing表“令人…的”;加 ed表”感到…的”‎ l Rather与quite；common/usual/ ordinary/ normal/ average ; available/accessible; calm/silent/still/quiet l 多个形容词做定语排序：好美小高状其新；彩色国料特别亲。A large black steel board 三、 状语从句考点before ;when ;where ;as ;since/now that; whoever.‎ 四、 定语从句考点whose;when;where;why;that;which;as 五、名词性从句考点 what; that; whoever；doubt 六、非谓语动词 with的复合结构；there being/to be ‎ 七、虚拟语气 if; should; otherwise;but 八、时态和语态 before; by；主动表被动 ‎ 九、祈使句的反意问句及回答 十、反意问句 I think …; must have done 十一、倒装 not until;in no case;now/then ;only +状；so/such…that 十二、固定句型--- 一…就；when 表突然这时;before ;since;强调句型 十三、代词 it; that;those;one; the other; another 十四、主谓一致：定从中等 十五、省略---状从中省略；to的省略；及承上省略to 后的动词 十六、动词词组及辨析 ‎ break; bring;cut;make;pick;keep;hold;catch; put; turn; call; take seat;sit---fit;suit;match----injure;hurt;wound-‎ 十七、一词多义 cover, catch ;strike;reach;follow 十八、一词多性 eye; head; shoulder;face;chair;picture;sense ‎ 十九、介词 beyond; under; in ; on ;with; over 二十、交际用语 高考语法考点详述 一.常用can/could句式:‎ 1. This work is more than I can do.这个工作超出我所能做的。‎ 2. He had run away before I could thank him.我还没来得及谢他，他已经跑了 3. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好 4. You can’t pay enough attention to your spelling.你越注意你的拼写越好 ‎=You can’t pay too much attention to your spelling.‎ 5. Come here as quickly as you can.尽可能快点来= Come here as soon as possible.‎ ‎6. Experiments can be very expensive.实验有时会很贵 A wise man can make a mistake sometimes.‎ ‎7. A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ ‎8. I can’t agree more. 我非常同意 ‎9.Can it be true? 表怀疑 ‎10. It can’t be Mr Li. 表否定推测 ‎11. How can you make progress when you don’t work hard?如果你不努力，你怎么能取得进步呢？‎ Compare: could / was able to The fire spread quickly , but everyone was able to escape from the building .大火迅速蔓延但每个人都设法逃出大楼。‎ l was able to do表过去成功地做了某事 = managed to do=succeeded in doing l can’t wait to do 等不及要做 二.常用must句式：‎ ‎1.If you must know, her name is Jean.如果你一定要知道的话，她叫Jean。‎ ‎2. Why must you make so much noise?偏偏 ‎3. He must live near here, doesn’t he?一定 ‎4. You mustn’t shout in class.禁止，不可以 ‎ ‎5.It must/can’t be Mr.li, isn’t/is it? 一定是 ‎6.Need I do it at once?- Yes , you must. /No , you needn’t.‎ ‎7.Must I do it now?-Yes, you must./No , you needn’t.‎ ‎8.He must have arrived here by air yesterday， didn’t he?‎ ‎9.You must have learned French before, haven’t you?‎ 三. Shall 用于一三人称疑问句中表请求对方许可 1. Shall we set off at once?我们立即出发好吗？‎ 1. Shall he come in?让他近来好吗？‎ 用于二三人称肯定句和否定句中表许诺、命令、威胁、警告等 1. I promise you shall get a new bicycle if you make progress.‎ 2. It has been decided that he shall be given the job.‎ 3. If you don’t take good care of my car, you shan’t use it. ‎ 四. Should 1. It’s strange/unusual/surprising/important that he （should） leave without saying goodbye. 竟然 2. I should have thought of it.我本应该想到的 ‎ 3. The photos should be ready by 12 o’clock tomorrow. 按道理应该 4. The doctor suggested that he (should) have a rest.‎ Decide order command ‎ require request demand ‎ suggest advise propose ‎ recommend insist urge desire后从句常用should型虚拟，should可省略。‎ It is suggested/odered that…‎ My suggestion is that I made a suggestion that you should take a rest.‎ It is important/necessary/strange ‎/surprising/unusual that…‎ It is a pity/ a shame that… ‎ 1. If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.如果明天下雨，庄稼就得救了 五. Will—would--- used to 1. Fish will die out of water. 习惯 2. The door won’t shut. 门就是关不上。‎ 3. He would/used to sit in the garden like that for hours.他过去常像那样在花园里坐上数个小时。‎ 4. The engine wouldn’t run.发动机就是不转 5. He used to be a teacher.他过去是老师 6. Don’t you forget it, will you?--- No, I won’t.‎ 7. If you will listen, I will tell you about it. 表示意愿 8. ‎--You have forgotten to turn off the light---Really? I will go and turn it off. ‎ 表示临时决定 ‎9.Tomorrow will be Sunday. 表示客观规律 六. May 1. May I come in? 请求许可 1. May your dream come true. 祝愿你梦想成真 2. If I may say so, this color doesn’t suit you.如果我说的话 3. I’m not sure, but he may help you可能 七. Might 1. Might I use your pen?-yes, you may. 请求许可 2. You might as well practice reading since you are free.不妨 既然你有空闲，你倒不如练练阅读 3 ‎ He might have given you more help even though he was busy. 本该 即使他忙他也应该给你更多帮助 八. Dare--dared 1. I dare say he will come.( I predict)我预计他会来的 2. No one dared speak of it.‎ 3. How dare you say I’m a liar?‎ 4. I didn’t dare to move.= I dared not move. ‎ 九. Need 1. Need/Must we come?--- No, you needn’t ./ Yes, you must.‎ ‎2.You needn’t hurry with your meeting. = You don’t need to hurry…‎ ‎3.They didn’t need to arrive so early.‎ 十.情态动词+不定式的完成式：‎ 1. must have done一定做过 2. can’t / couldn’t have done不可能做过 3. should/ ought to have done本应该做过 4. shouldn’t /oughtn’t to have done本不应该做 5. needn’t have done本不必做 6. could have done本来能够做 7. may have done可能做过 8. didn’t need to do本不需要做而实际上也没做 9. might have done可能做过； 本该 10. He might have given you more help even though he was busy.‎ 十一 有关比较级和more than 用法 1. I’m more than satisfied with your performance.非常 2. The work is more than I can do.超过 3. China Daily is more than a newspaper; it also keeps us in touch with the world.不仅仅 4. Pan Changjiang is no taller than Wu Dalang.同一样不 5. He earns less than $‎500 a month.不到 6. The harder you work , the greater ‎ progress you’ll make.‎ 1. The more I look at the painting, the better I like it. = I like the painting better, the more I look at it.‎ 2. He is the taller of the two brothers.‎ 比较级表最高级 3. That couldn’t be better.‎ 4. I couldn’t agree more.=I totally agree with you.‎ 5. He has certainly made more successful films than any other director in the west.‎ 6. I have never been to a nicer restaurant.‎ 倍数表达法 A+ be + 倍数+as + adj/adv.原级+as + B A+ be + 倍数+ adj/adv.比较级+than + B A+倍数+the size/length/height/depth/ width … of B A+ be + 分数/百分数+ adj/adv.比较级+than + B A+ 谓语 + 倍数+more +名词+than + B I’m not half as good as you.‎ This room is three times larger than that one.‎ ‎ = This room is four times as large as that one.‎ ‎= This room is four times the size of that one. ‎ I am twice your age ‎ The production this year is three times what it was last year.‎ 十二as…as 结构表非比较级概念 1. As/So far as I know, he has been admitted into/to Peking University.据我所知 2. As/So long as you don’t lose heart, you will win in the end.只要 3. He went as far as the seaside.一直到 4. He as good as said that I was a liar.几乎，实际上等于 5. The teacher as well as the students enjoys himself at the party.和 ‎ 十三 “一……就”的表达 6. Come as soon as possible.‎ 7. He phoned me as soon as he got there.‎ ‎ = He phoned me the moment/the minute/second/instant he got there.‎ ‎ =He phoned me immediately/instantly/directly he got there.‎ ‎ = On getting there, he phoned me.‎ 8. Hardly /scarcely had they reached the station when the train left.‎ 1. No sooner had they reached the station than the train left.‎ 十四 as用法 2. Child as/though he is , he knows a lot. ‎ ‎=Though/although he is a child,…‎ 3. Young as /though he is , he doesn’t lack experience.‎ 4. Much as/though I like it , I won’t buy it.‎ 5. Try as/though he may, he might fail as well.‎ 6. Lose money as/though he did, he gained experience.‎ 7. Wealthy person as/though he is , he is not healthy.尽管 8. As you sow, so you will reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 9. As he grew older, he began to go deaf.随着 10. As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.‎ ‎= It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.‎ ‎=What is known to all is that Taiwan belongs to China.‎ 1. He is such a good teacher as we all respect.‎ ‎=He is so good a teacher as we all respect.‎ 2. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.‎ 十五before 用法及相关句型比较 3. He had run away before I could thank him.‎ 4. Three years went by before we knew/realized it.不知不觉 5. The theory must be put into practice before it is fully accepted./before being fully accepted.‎ 6. It was three years before he came back.三年后他才回来 7. It wasn’t long before he learned English.不久他就学会了英语。‎ 8. It won’t be long before we meet again.过不了多久我们就会再见面的。‎ 9. It will be three years before we meet again.三年后我们才能再见面。‎ 10. It is three years since he joined the army.他参军三年了。‎ 11. It was three years ago that he joined the army.‎ 1. It was ten o’clock when he came back.‎ 十六 it作形式主语及强调句型 2. It takes patience/energy/effort to do this work.‎ 3. 做这个工作需要耐心。‎ 4. It took him two hours to finish this work.‎ 5. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收，后悔无益。‎ 6. It is no good arguing about this matter.‎ 7. It is no wonder that he looks so excited.‎ 8. It is a fact that Taiwan belongs to China.‎ 9. It is clever of you to have solved this problem.‎ 10. It is necessary for us to have a knowledge of English.‎ 11. It is suggested that a meeting should be held to discuss this problem.‎ It is/was +被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语） that/who + 其它 12. It was not until you had explained it to me that I understood it.‎ 十七it作形式宾语及其它 1. I like/love/enjoy it when you smile.‎ 2. I hate/dislike it when people talk with their mouths full.‎ 3. I’ll appreciate it if you can practice spoken English with me.‎ 4. See to it that the door is shut.‎ 5. You can depend on it that he can help you。‎ 6. Don’t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.‎ 7. I feel it an honour to speak to you.‎ 8. Got it.知道了 9. It’s up to you.= It depends on you.由你决定 10. Make it another day.改日吧 11. If you stick to it, you will make it.如果你坚持的话，你会成功的。‎ 十八what用法 12. He is not what he used to be ten years ago.‎ 13. After what seemed an hour , he came back.‎ 14. He was born in what is Shenyang today.‎ 1. Patience is what it takes to do this work.‎ 2. So what?那又怎样 3. Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.‎ 4. What if there is a world war ?如果…怎么办 5. What about taking a walk?‎ 十九 形容词作状语表主语做某动作的原因、结果或伴随状态。‎ 6. He hurried home, full of fear.‎ 7. They arrived home at last, hungry and tired.‎ 8. She sat there, silent.‎ 二十 主动表被动 I taste smell look sound feel II write read wash wear sell open shut burn ‎ III need want require deserve + doing = to be done Iv be worth doing V 主语+ 系动词+ 形容词( heavy, difficult, fit , comfortable, pleasant etc.) + to do VI be to blame; be to let 9. This pen writes smoothly.‎ 10. Apples of this kind sell well.‎ 11. Leather shoes wear long.皮鞋耐穿 12. This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料好洗 1. His poem reads well.他的诗读起来好听 2. This car drives fast.‎ 3. Vegetables and meat won’t keep long in hot weather.‎ 4. The door won’t shut.‎ 5. The film finishes early, so we are going to eat at a restaurant after seeing the film.‎ 6. The flowers require watering.= to be watered.‎ 7. The baby needs looking after.‎ 8. The sentence wants explaining.‎ 9. No one is to blame.没有人该受责备 10. The house is to let.此房出租 11. The book is well worth reading.‎ ‎= The book is well worthy of being read.‎ ‎=The book is well worthy to be read.‎ ‎= It is worthwhile to read the book.‎ ‎= It is worthwhile reading the book.‎ 当做表语的形容词是pleasant，easy，fit，hard，difficult，heavy，light，comfortable… 后面的不定式用主动形式.‎ 12. The room is pleasant to live in.‎ 13. The water is fit to drink.‎ 1. The chair is comfortable to sit on.‎ 2. Russian is difficult to learn.‎ 3. Silk feels smooth.‎ 4. too cold a day 5. How lovely a child!‎ 6. as good a car as any 7. that expensive a car 8. What a lovely day!‎ 9. half a dozen