高考英语短文改错解题技巧1 5页

高考英语短文改错解题技巧 设错基本原则 绝大多数情况下，短文改错题设错为：多一个词(约1题)、少一个词(约1题)、错一个词(约8题)。‎ 常见错误类型 ‎1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：‎ ‎① 现在时与过去时混用； ② and前后动词时态不一致；‎ ‎③ 主谓不一致； ④ 缺少谓语动词，特别是be动词；‎ ‎⑤ 第三人称单数形式错用； ⑥ 主动语态和被动语态错用。‎ ‎1) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did改为do，错误类型属于①)‎ ‎2) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting改为visited错误类型属于②)‎ ‎3) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. (③主谓不一致)‎ ‎4) There will an important game next month. (will后加be)‎ ‎5) For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. (④缺谓语动词)‎ ‎6) But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. (主语是第三人称单数)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 时态错误 主从句时态的不一致，或某一时态与文章主体时态不一致 ‎1. I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away. (12浙江)‎ ‎2. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. (12全国II)‎ ‎3. You always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep. (12渝)‎ ‎4. My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when I visit Beijing last month. ‎ ‎5. Thank you for all you had done for me. (12川)‎ ‎6. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys for you. ‎ ‎7. She said it was the best gift she has ever had. (10全国II)‎ ‎8. My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. So if what they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (10全国I)‎ ‎9. We became friends shortly after we meet each other. (11渝)‎ ‎10. At that time, we often spend time together. (10全国II)‎ ‎11. Friends are those you like and trust, and you will enjoy every minute you spent with them. ‎ ‎12. Our food arrived with a note. It reads, “Your lunch has been paid for. …” (12浙样题)‎ ‎13. One day in the restaurant where I worked, I am serving a table of four. (09辽)‎ ‎14. She knows what had happened, thanked me and never mentioned it again. (11年浙)‎ ‎15. My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. (10陕)‎ 主谓不一致 ‎1. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study. (12渝)‎ ‎2. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. (12陕)‎ ‎3. After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm. (10渝)‎ ‎4. What were better, I had useful help. (10全国I卷)‎ ‎5. Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.‎ ‎2. 名词的常见错误 单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。‎ ‎① I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改为subjects)‎ ‎② Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改为words)‎ ‎③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 可数名词单数前未加a / an ‎1. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms. (12渝)‎ ‎2. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friends of mine. (12陕)‎ ‎3. There was Uncle Chen, gentleman living near my house, who was very famous writer. ‎ ‎4. Besides, a friend is always good listener when you need one. (10重庆)‎ ‎5. If you’d like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide.‎ ‎6. My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in US. (10全国)‎ ‎7. ...and after that I would go to Xiamen for holiday. (10浙)‎ ‎8. My brother and I thought we would give ourselves a treat at restaurant. (12浙样题)‎ ‎9. I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple. ‎ 名词复数误用成单数形式 ‎1. I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. (12浙江)‎ ‎2. The food was wonderful with reasonable price and we enjoyed several local dish. (12陕)‎ ‎3. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. (12渝)‎ ‎4. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water. (12全国II)‎ ‎5. I destroyed each of my toy. (12琼)‎ ‎6. Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you before. (12川)‎ ‎7. Christie was one of my best friend at high school. (10全国II)‎ ‎8. I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favourite actor. (11陕)‎ ‎9. Li Ming’s parents invited me to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao.‎ ‎10. They take him lots of book and fresh fruit. (09陕)‎ ‎11. There are two girls here from my course and I plan to make friend with them. (09琼)‎ ‎12. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family. (11渝)‎ 不可数名词误用成复数形式 ‎1. He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer. ‎ ‎2. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (11全国新课标)‎ ‎3. While waiting for our food, we emptied all our small changes from our wallets on the table and counted it out. (12浙样题)‎ ‎4. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work. (11川)‎ ‎3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but/so/for/nor等 ‎(一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether )‎ ‎① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose)‎ ‎② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.‎ ‎ (此处应是并列关系而非转折，but改为and)‎ ‎③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 从属连词逻辑关系错误 ‎1. I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. (12全国新课标)‎ ‎2. I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water. (12全国II)‎ ‎3. Whenever I am, I will always love you. (12川)‎ ‎4. It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. (11全国)‎ ‎5. But then a week after the trip, she suddenly announced that they wouldn’t take the holiday. ‎ 并列连词and/but/or/so/for等逻辑关系颠倒 ‎1. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. (2012浙江)‎ ‎2. It is in the downtown areas, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. (2012陕西)‎ ‎3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn’t start coming on time, but he went to the doctor for a help. (2011四川)‎ ‎4. I didn’t have my camera with me at that, but I rushed back home to get it. (2011陕西)‎ ‎5. Last year I was ill, but had to stay in hospital for a week. (2007琼)‎ ‎4. 冠词错误 误用或漏用a和an；误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多余的冠词或少冠词)‎ ‎① We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a改为the，the same是固定搭配)‎ ‎② As everyone knows, it’s ∧famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加a )‎ ‎④ I hope you have ∧ pleasant journey. (journey是可数名词需用冠词)‎ ‎5. 形容词和副词错误 ‎1) 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官系动词smell/feel)‎ ‎2) 词性的误用：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词。 ‎ ‎① I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词，要用形容词wonderful修饰)‎ ‎② My pronunciation was terribly. (was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 形容词和副词用法错位 形容词误作状语；副词误作定语、表语或宾补 ‎1. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two weeks. (12浙江)‎ ‎2. We lived in a comfortably double room with a big bath. (12陕)‎ ‎3. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. (12渝)‎ ‎4. Still, your happiness makes him happily too. (10渝)‎ ‎5. Li Ming and I loved walking along the wonderfully beach. (07琼)‎ ‎6. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here. (09琼)‎ ‎7. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. (11全国I卷,)‎ ‎8. It was a wonderfully surprise as nothing like that had happened to us. (12浙样题)‎ ‎9. She was, in fact, rather attractively, and she never seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her. (10辽)‎ ‎10. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. (11川)‎ ‎11. They ate silently, and it was clearly that things were not going well. (10浙)‎ ‎6. 代词错误 ‎1) 代词的主格和宾格(I/me; He/him; She/her; We/us; They/them )‎ ‎2) 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)‎ ‎3) 代词的单数和复数 ‎4) 多余的代词和少代词 ‎① Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为myself )‎ ‎② One day I wrote a little story and showed ∧to my teacher. (加it)‎ ‎③ If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (others)‎ ‎④ What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (them)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 主格与宾格混淆 ‎1. After our final examinations, my brother and me thought we would give ourselves a treat at a restaurant. (12浙样题)‎ ‎2. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two weeks in Qingdao. (07琼)‎ ‎3. I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. But I didn’t think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.‎” said Mother cheerfully. (10浙)‎ 指代前后不一致 ‎1. Many countries in the world find we don't have enough water. (12全国II)‎ ‎2. I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away. (12浙江)‎ ‎3. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it. ‎ ‎4. Nang is a special kind of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. (11全国I )‎ ‎5. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.‎ ‎6. Thank you for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. ‎ ‎7. And after many years, she passed her driving test and told her husband that he was going to drive him over to France for a holiday. (10川)‎ ‎8. The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. (11川)‎ ‎9. As she did this ,lots of tea splashed on his T shirt! (10陕)‎ ‎10. I was about to answer him when I noticed that the last plate on the tray began to fall. They fell noisily to the floor. (09辽)‎ ‎7. 非谓语动词错误 ‎1) 不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。‎ ‎2) and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致(尤其距离较远时)，‎ ‎3) 介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。‎ ‎4) 某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。‎ ‎5) 现在分词与过去分词混淆。‎ ‎① Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was…. (enjoy后需接动名词talk--talking)‎ ‎② But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (作主语改为going )‎ ‎③ Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.‎ ‎ (介词后用动名词Ving形式作宾语)‎ ‎④ I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致，尤其距离较远时，saw改为seeing)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 遗漏不定式符号to ‎1. My sister wanted ∧ get out of the shop. (10陕)‎ ‎2. She never seemed ∧care what the rest of us thought about her. (10全国)‎ ‎3. It was a lesson to us that it was possible ∧ give without expecting anything. (12浙江样题)‎ 现在分词与过去分词混淆不清 ‎1. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. (12浙江)‎ ‎2. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water. ‎ ‎3. I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. (12陕)‎ ‎4. I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. ‎ ‎5. I am pleasing to that. ( 11川)‎ ‎6. With a breaking leg, he was walking to school the other day. (09陕)‎ ‎7. My friend Nick told me a story about his experience in the US, which was very interested. ‎ ‎8. 介词错误 ‎1) 词组中的介词误用，2) 介词意思理解偏差，3) 介词的多用或少用 ‎① There are too many people among my family. (among改为in, in my family为固定搭配)‎ ‎② I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment引导从句)‎ ‎◆讲练结合 介词后误用动词原形 ‎1. I look forward to see her again in the near future. (10全国)‎ ‎2. It was a lesson to us that it was possible to give without expect anything. (12浙江样题)‎ ‎3. After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are nice and warm. (10渝)‎ 介词搭配不正确 ‎1. I also shared for my friends many photos taken in Beijing. (12陕)‎ ‎2. Thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. ‎ ‎3. When I tore apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you. ‎ ‎4. There was one on particular I’d always wanted. (11浙)‎ ‎5. “How did you change your mind?” he asked her by surprise. (10川)‎ ‎6. As we left, Mother stopped on their table. (10浙)‎ ‎7. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket. (11全国新课标)‎ ‎8. I plan to make friends with them so they we can help each other on the course work. (09琼)‎ ‎9. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work. (11川)‎ ‎9. 常见行文逻辑错误 包括and、or、but前后的平行结构中词的形式与意义是否不一致；名词代词的性、数、格；句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。‎ ‎1. Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. ‎ ‎2. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. (10全国)‎ ‎3. I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or faced my cousin again. (11浙)‎ ‎4. She is smiling at me but nodding at me. ‎ ‎5. Some students may also save up for our college or future use. ‎ ‎6. It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. ‎ ‎10. 词形易混词 ‎1. While I was walking home with one of my friends, a truck came to a stop besides us. (09浙)‎ ‎2. Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families. (11渝)‎ ‎3. I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face. (10陕)‎ ‎4. She knew what had happened, thanked me and ever mentioned it again. (11浙)‎ 考点归纳 ‎1) 句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有谓语动词；‎ ‎2) 谓语动词的时态、语态；‎ ‎3) 非谓语动词的用法；‎ ‎4) 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；‎ ‎5) 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；‎ ‎6) 代词的格和性别的使用是否有误；‎ ‎7) 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；‎ ‎8) 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。‎ 口诀：动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；‎ 非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；‎ 句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾。‎ 四原则：‎ ‎1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则 ‎4）以保持句子原意为原则 ‎ 注意要点 ‎① 核对错项时，可以参考所改动项是否符合“181”比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。‎ ‎② 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。‎ ‎③ 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题。‎ 篇章练习            ‎ ‎（一）‎ ‎   I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players ‎ we’ve won several games. There will an important game next month. ‎ But one of the best player in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t ‎ play basketball once more. His parents asked him to spend in more time ‎ preparing for the  college entrance examination. I feel sorry to him.     ‎ But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports ‎ and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. So my friend had ‎ no choice. He wanted to make their parents happy.   ‎ ‎   ‎ ‎（二）‎ Dear Ralph,‎ I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as ‎ shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me ‎ to do things as well them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as          ‎ a fool. So I feel happy every day. Besides, I have few friends. ‎ I don't know that they don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked ‎ to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at      ‎ once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t   ‎ seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?       ‎ ‎   Yours,‎ ‎    Xiao Wei ‎（三）‎ ‎  On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to do over a weekend. ‎ I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British‎ ‎Museum ‎ and some parks. But I have spent lot my money, so I cannot even go ‎ out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. Yes, a concert can be very excited. ‎ You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert ‎ cost so much. I may just listen to music, I have some records giving to me ‎ as birthday gifts. If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. ‎ All right. That’s how I' m going to do.‎ ‎(四)‎ ‎      You can find all kinds information in just a few minute on the Internet. ‎ It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. ‎ Recently even though, many people have been discussing the dangers of the Internet.     ‎ They have been reports in America about people trying to steal person ‎ informations for bad purposes. Finding information on the Net is easily. But not all   ‎ information are good to society. For example, you can find such information ‎ like how to kill people. The problem will become more serious in the future.‎ ‎（五）‎ Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a  hobby which ‎ is both interested and fun. And every year more and more people start ‎ a stamp collection of your own and discover an interest which can ‎ even last lifetime . Starting your collection of stamps are easy because ‎ they are nowhere. Holiday and birthday postcards from relatives and letters ‎ from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. So once ‎ you’ve started collecting seriously, you will probably want to join in the ‎ Stamp Collectors’Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection.     ‎ 讲练结合答案 时态错误 主从句时态的不一致，或某一时态与文章主体时态不一致 ‎1-5 would seems fell visited have 6-10 tore had had met spent 11-15 spend read was knew were ‎ 主谓不一致 ‎1-5 is was are was allows 名词复数误用成单数形式 ‎1-5 weeks dishes names animals toys 6-10 thanks friends actors weeks books ‎11-12 friends families 不可数名词误用成复数形式 ‎1-4 advice luggage change trouble 从属连词逻辑关系错误 ‎1—5 since, because/since/as, Wherever, since before 并列连词and/but/or/so/for等逻辑关系颠倒 ‎1-5 but and/so so so and 形容词和副词用法错位 ‎1-5 Unfortunately comfortable happy happy wonderful 6-10 warm special wonderful attractive proper 11 clear 指代前后不一致 ‎1-5 they me them it their 6-10 us she it her It 现在分词与过去分词混淆不清 ‎1-5 interesting used take interested pleased 6-7 broken interesting 介词搭配不正确 ‎1-5 with for for in in 6-9 at in with for 篇章练习答案 ‎(1) 第一行：so改为and　第二行：will后加be　‎ 第三行：player 改为players；then改为now　 第四行：once改为any；删去in　‎ 第五行：to改为for　 第六行：go改为going； 第七行：was改为is　‎ 第八行：their改为his ‎(2) 第一行：of改为from  第二行：quietly改为quiet  第三行：well 后加as；to改为at  ‎ 第四行：happy改为unhappy/sad 第五行：that改为why；talked改为talk  ‎ 第六行：stranger改为strangers   第七行：since改为but  第八行：去掉about ‎(3) 第一行：划掉myself ；a 改为the    第二行：visit 改为visiting 第三行：my前加of  ‎ 第四行：excited 改为exciting 第五行：So改为But               ‎ 第六行：cost改为costs；giving改为given 第七行：are改为is第八行：how改为what ‎（4）第一行：kinds 后加of ；minute改为minutes  第二行：have改为having ‎ 第三行：去掉even 第四行：They改为There ；person改为personal  ‎ 第五行：informations改为information；easily改为easy ‎ 第六行：are改为is  第七行：what改为how ‎（5）第一行：age改为ages  第二行：interested改为interesting 第三行：your改为their；what改为which/that 第四行：lifetime前加a；are改为 is 第五行：nowhere改为everywhere 第六行：for改为with；So改为But 第七行：去掉in  ‎ 第八行：exist改为exists  ‎