高考英语七选五阅读 19页

‎8.历年探究 ‎“七选五”阅读 ‎2017年高考英语总动员 ‎ （Ⅰ）‎ ‎【2016·新课标全国卷I】‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Bank, companies, and government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ ‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ ‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters are “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎ 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 20 13 5”.‎ ‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. 40 However, it ‎ is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without a code book.‎ B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. ‎ F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。‎ ‎36.【解析】D ‎ 本题考察是逻辑关系，根据下一句“code breaking never lags behind code making”可知上一句是只要出现密码，就会有人去解码，故选D。‎ ‎37.【解析】E 本题考察是句子之间的例证关系，从后面文章的举例中“For example, the first letters are ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’ ”那么前一句应该是对例子的概括，即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，E选项正确。‎ ‎38.【解析】G ‎ 本题考察是文章的篇章结构，前一段是讲到了第一种方法，根据篇章结构，下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法，而根据该段的例子，即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息，所以这里关键词是another way 还有alphabet，故选G。‎ ‎39.【解析】F ‎ 本题考察的是逻辑关系，从上一句“To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book ”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思，F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语，故F正确。‎ ‎40.【解析】A ‎ 本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系，根据下一句出现“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long, ” 这里出现了also ‎ hard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作，故A正确。‎ ‎（Ⅱ）‎ ‎【2015·新课标全国卷I】‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.__36__．‎ Trust is a risk.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal.Whether we've been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.__37__．It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ ‎●__38__having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.‎ ‎●__39__If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated.‎ ‎ ●You didn't lose “everything”．Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead ‎ of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.__40__ instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A．Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B．It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.‎ F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.‎ ‎【分析】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。‎ ‎36．解析：根据前一句Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。选项B中的it代指上文刚出现的trust。故选B。‎ 答案：B ‎37. 解析：根据前句Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.可知他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生。可知选E。‎ 答案：E ‎38．解析：根据后句having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing.可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选A。‎ 答案： A ‎ 39. 解析：根据后句If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.可知此段主要讲述不要认为自己是受害者。故选C。‎ 答案：C ‎40．解析：根据前一句Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life和后一句instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.可知既要看到事情的积极面，也不要忽视所发生的事情。故选G。‎ 答案：G ‎（Ⅲ）‎ ‎【2014·新课标Ⅰ卷】‎ ‎ The jobs of the future have not been invented，__36__By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.‎ ‎1．Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious.__37__Ask kids，“What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time? ‎ ‎2．Creativity ‎ ‎ True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.__38__There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.‎ ‎3．Interpersonal Skills ‎ ‎ Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.__39__“Why do you think she is crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to ‎ you, how would you feel？”‎ ‎4．Self Expression ‎ ‎__40__There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, drawing, building, photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.‎ A. Encourage kids to cook with you.‎ B．And we can't forget science education.‎ C．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.‎ D．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist? ‎ E．Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.‎ F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.‎ G．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ ‎【分析】　本文介绍了培养孩子技能的方法，其中包括好奇心、创造性、交际能力和自我表达等。‎ ‎36．解析：细节过渡题。根据空后的“By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them...”可知，这里叙述的是帮助他们发展一些技能。由此推断，上句应为“应该怎样帮助孩子为未来的工作而作准备”，故选D。‎ 答案：D ‎37．解析：细节过渡题。根据下面的内容可知，此处是鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭。‎ 答案：A ‎38．解析：细节过渡题。根据上文中的create something new等可知，要给孩子们思考的机会。‎ 答案：C ‎39．解析：主旨大意题。联系下面的几个问题可知F项正确。‎ 答案：F ‎40．解析：主旨大意题。根据该段小标题及空格后to express thoughts可知，此处所填内容与交流有关，故选G项。‎ 答案：G ‎（Ⅳ）‎ ‎【2013·新课标全国卷I】‎ Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.__1__Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers__2__．‎ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business.__3__One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting.__4__The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority__5__．‎ A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.‎ B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.‎ C．Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.‎ D．However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.‎ F．In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.‎ G．Planning in business management has three main aspects.‎ ‎【分析】本文是说明文。生意是给顾客提供商品和服务的有效手段，其目的有两种：一个是营利，另一个是非营利。文章介绍了business management的含义。‎ ‎1．解析：细节过渡题。上文谈到有利润的生意，下文则出现了转折，是无利润的生意；还有，下文中的nonprofits和D项的意思一致。‎ 答案：D ‎2．解析：解释说明题。根据上文中的“Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.”可知，此处是给出的有关nonprofits的具体例子，故C项是正确答案。‎ 答案：C ‎3．解析：细节过渡题。根据下文中提到的三个方面的介绍可知，此处是总述，下文是分述，故选G。‎ 答案：G ‎4．解析：文章结构题。上文提到第一个方面，下文提到第三个方面，很显然此处是第二个方面。‎ 答案：E ‎5．解析：文章结构题。该段提到planning和direction，所以最后作者开始解释control。‎ 答案：A ‎（Ⅵ）‎ ‎【2012·全国卷】‎ Kids' health：Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time.__1__Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don't solve(解决)much.But other ways，like talking to someone you trust，can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：‎ ‎(1)Get support.When you need help，reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives.__2__They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test，or the death of a beloved pet.‎ ‎(2)Don't take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh，dear，that's not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Don't take it out on yourself.__3__‎ ‎(3)Try to solve the problem.After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business.__4__Even if you can't solve it all，you can solve a piece of it.‎ ‎(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的)．Remember stress does go away，especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.‎ These steps aren't magic，but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster__5__．‎ A．Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.‎ B．Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.‎ C．Different people feel stress in different ways.‎ D．Ah，it feels so good when the stress is gone.‎ E．You need to figure out what the problem is.‎ F．And don't forget about your friends.‎ G．Then，find a way to calm down.‎ ‎【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了克服压力的四个步骤：获取支持、避免自责、解决问题和保持积极情绪。‎ ‎1．解析：细节过渡题。句首的“Everybody gets stressed from time to time.”是本段主题句，由此可知，此处的语境应该和主题有关，再联系下文中的“Some ways...”和“But other ways...”，说明不同的人对压力的体验不同。‎ 答案：C ‎2．解析：细节过渡题。本段主旨是“求助”，联系上文中的“parent or other relatives”可知，此处谈到向朋友求助。‎ 答案：F ‎3．解析：段落结论题。根据(2)中的“Remember that there are always people to help you.”可以推知，你需要寻求帮助以渡过难关。‎ 答案：A ‎4．解析：细节理解题。联系该段的主题句“Try to solve the problem.”可以推知，你需要弄清楚你的问题所在。‎ 答案：E ‎5．解析：段落结论题。任何压力都是暂时的，所以保持乐观情绪，没有压力当然感觉很好。‎ 答案：D ‎（Ⅵ）‎ ‎【2011·全国卷】‎ Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money.__1__So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things，candy or toys，for example.‎ ‎1．The basic function of money Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services.It's important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have.If he wants to have a toy，give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员)．__2__When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money，you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.‎ ‎2．Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty.__3__If you must say no to a child's request to spend money，explain，“You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or，if the request is for many different things，say “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”‎ ‎3．__4__‎ Begin at the grocery store.Pick out similar brands of a product—a namebrand butter and a generic(无商标产品)，for example.You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.__5__If he chooses the cheaper brand，allow him to make ‎ another purchase with the money saved.Later，you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.‎ A．Wise decision B．The value of money C．Permit the child to choose between them D．Tell your child why he can or cannot have certain things.‎ E．Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.‎ F．Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.‎ G．The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.‎ ‎【分析】本文是说明文。父母有责任抓住时机教会孩子理财，其主要形式有：让孩子理解金钱的用途、上理财课以及学会理性消费等。‎ ‎1．解析：细节过渡题。根据“So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things，candy or toys，for example.”可知，最好的时机是当他们有兴趣的时候。‎ 答案：G ‎2．解析：细节过渡题。文章第二段提到购买玩具，联系其中的“If he wants to have a toy，give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier.”可知，及时告诉孩子金钱如何买到玩具。‎ 答案：F ‎3．解析：细节过渡题。要弄清楚花钱购买的东西对你来说很重要，所以下文谈到购物的决定和选择。‎ 答案：D ‎4．解析：主旨大意题。根据下文中的“...so that you can save money.”等信息可知，该段的大意是介绍如何明智地购物，故A项为最佳小标题。‎ 答案：A ‎5．解析：细节过渡题。根据上文“You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.”可知，既然要作出选择，那就要允许孩子自己选择产品。‎ 答案：C