高考情态动词技巧归纳及练习题 16页

‎ 高考情态动词重点讲解 一、 情态动词的特征和形式 A. 情态动词表推测 1. 形式 肯定的推测：must 否定的推测：can’t couldn’t 可能的推测：may might can could 疑问的推测：can could ‎2. 时间 对过去：情态动词+完成式（have donehave been done）‎ 对正在进行：情态动词+be doing 对现在或将来：情态动词+do 不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列： ‎ He is at home. (事实) ‎ He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断） ‎ He could be at home.（很可能） ‎ He ought to be at home.（很可能） ‎ He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已） ‎ He might be at home.（或许, 非常不确定） ‎ He might not be at home.（也许不在家）‎ He may not be at home. （比might可能） ‎ He couldn’t be at home.（很可能不在家） ‎ He can’t be at home.（一定不在家） ‎ He isn't at home.（事实） ‎ B．情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。‎ ‎1．情态动词+do   You shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。   Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.‎ 杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。   Difficulties can and must be overcome.  困难能够而且必须克服。‎ ‎2．情态动词+be doing  She must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐  You should be reviewing your lessons. 你应该在复习功课  My mother maymight be cooking now. 妈可能正在做饭。‎ ‎3．情态动词+have done   They might have visited the Great Wall. 他们可能参观过长城了。   He must have got up very early to catch the train.  他一定起得很早去赶火车了。   You ought to have come earlier.  你本该早一点儿来。‎ ‎4．情态动词+be done   This word can also be used as a verb.  这个词也可以用作动词。   Something must be done to stop pollution.  必须采取措施来制止污染。   The work ought to have been finished long ago.  这工作早就该完成了。‎ ‎ C. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。   You ought to wear a raincoat.  你应该穿件雨衣。 ‎ ‎  She ought to wear a raincoat.  她应该穿件雨衣。   Plants must have oxygen in order to live.  为了存活植物必须有氧气。   A plant must have oxygen in order to live.  为了存活植物必须有氧气。‎ D. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。  I'm afraid it might rain tonight. 我看今晚可能要下雨。  Could I borrow your thermos？我可以借用你的暖水吗？  It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk.  今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。  ‎ 二、 情态动词的意义和用法 A. may和might   1．表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。   在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。   You may take this seat if you like.  如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。   May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you ? 我可以和你谈谈吗？   --- May/Might I come into the room to see my mother?  我可以进房间看我母亲吗？   --- No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest.  不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。 提示： May I ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。 肯定回答Yes, please.  ‎ Certainly. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please.  否定回答 No, you can't. （最常见）‎ No, you mustn't. （具有强烈禁止的意思） Please don't. You'd better not. I don't think you can. I'm sorry it's not allowed.‎ ‎2．表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。   Your math teacher may(might) be in his office.      你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）   The light isn't on. It may(might) be broken.  那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。   There may might be some ink left in the bottle.  瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。   注意：   用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。   Can he be at home?  他可能在家吗？   --- Can it be true?  这可能是真的吗？   --- It may be, or may not be.  可能是，也可能不是。‎ ‎3．用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。   He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.   他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。   I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him.   我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。‎ ‎4． 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May you succeed.  祝你成功  ‎ May you be happy.  祝你快乐。 May that day come soon. 希望这一天早日到来。   ‎ ‎ B. can和could   1． 表示能力，可译为“能，会”。   I can swim. 我会游泳。 ‎ ‎  Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。   The cinema can seat 1,000 people.  ‎ ‎ 这电影院能容纳1，000人。   I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.   我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。‎ 2． 表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。  Could I use your dictionary?  我可以用一下你的字典吗？  ---Yes, go ahead.  可以，用吧。‎ ‎（或Yes, you can. 但不能说Yes, you could.）   Could Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?  劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？   He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。‎ ‎3．表示推测，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推测的可能性比could大。   Can he be ill at home?  他会是生病在家吗？   Can the story be true?  这个故事会是真的吗？   He cannot be at home.  他不可能在家。   You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.   在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。‎ ‎4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。   How can you be so careless?  你怎么这么粗心？   Where can could they have gone?  他们会去了哪里？   He can't be over sixty.  他不可能超过60岁。‎ ‎5．Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。  If I could fly, I should be very happy.  如果我能飞， 我会很高兴。  If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.‎ 如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。‎ ‎６．can与be able to的区别 ‎①can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。‎ ‎【正】Can you speak any foreign languages? 你会说外语吗？ 【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages? 你会说外语吗？ 【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape. 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。‎ ‎②be able to 比can有更多形式。   No one could answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。(这里could可用was able to 代替）   When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.  他长大后就能养家了。   Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week.弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。   I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time. 对不起，不能及时帮你的忙。‎ ‎③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。   When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.   当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。（不用was able to）   She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.   虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。‎ ‎④在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。   【误】Look! I'm able to swim.   【正】Look! I can swim.       看，我会游泳了！‎ C．must和have to ‎1．must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。   Everyone must obey the rule.  人人都必须遵守制度。   We must do everything step by step.   我们必须逐步做每件事。   Teachers must be patient enough with their students.  老师必须对学生有足够的耐心。‎ ‎2．have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。     My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.   我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。‎ ‎3．must 与have to的比较。   must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但在用法上有所区别。   ①must含有说话者的强烈决意（表示主观的看法），have to 则表示外力环境或习惯使然（即表示客观的必要，作“不得不”解）。   I must study hard.  我必须努力学习。（发自内心的)   I have to study hard.   我不得不努力学习。（外界因素逼迫）   You must stay for supper.  你必须留下来吃晚饭。（because I want you to）   You have to stay for supper.  你得留下来吃晚饭。（because there is nowhere else to go）   ②must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。   They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather.   由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。   These last two days he has had to take a rest at home.   这两天他必须一直在家休息。   ③must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同   You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone. 必须保密，不可以告诉任何人。（mustn't表示“禁止”）   You don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘密。 （don't have to意思是“没有必要”= don't need to）‎ ‎4．must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could大得多，一般只用于肯定句。   ①must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ，表示对现在状态的推测。   He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy.  他肯定很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。   Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day.   卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事   ②must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。   Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a shirt on.   多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。   ③must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。   The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.  地面是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。   I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.  我没听见电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。   提示：   must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, could来代替must。   He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already.   他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。‎ ‎5．must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。   We all must die.  我们都会死。 ‎ ‎  Truth must be out.  真相必然会大白的。   Winter must be followed by spring.  冬天到了，春天还会远吗？‎ ‎6．must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。   Why must it rain today?  为什么偏偏在今天下雨？   When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.   正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。‎ D． will和would   1.will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比 will委婉客气。   Will you have some tea?  你喝点茶，好吗？    Would you pass this book to the student in the last row?‎ ‎ 请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗？  Will Would you ... 表示请求和建议的答复。‎ 肯定回答  ‎ Yes, please. 是的，请。  Certainly. 当然可以。‎ ‎ Sure. 当然了。All right. 好啊！‎ 否定回答 I'm sorry. I can't. 对不起，不行。‎ No, thank you. 不，不行。No, I won't. 不，不行。‎ ‎2．will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称陈述句。   I will do anything for you.  我愿为你做任何事。   I will never tell you the secret.  我永远不会告诉你这个秘密。 3．will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。   He will surf the Internet every night.  他每天晚上都在上网。   He would be nervous when he met strangers.  遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。 4．will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。   If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.  如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。   If you will give up smoking, your health will improve.‎ ‎ 如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。‎ 比较：   Would you like ...表示邀请  Do you like ...表示习惯   Do you like going go the cinema?  你喜欢看电影吗？   Yes,I go to the cinema a lot.   是的，我经常去看电影。   Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?  ‎ ‎ 今天晚上去看电影好吗？   Yes,I'd love to.  非常乐意。‎ E．shall和should ‎1．shall   ①表示征询意见或请求指示，用于 一、三人称疑问句   Shall I carry it for you?  我来帮你搬它，好吗？   Shall we sing a song?  我们唱一支歌，好吗？   Shall they wait outside?  让他们在外面等吗？   ②表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。   You shall do as I say.  按我说的做。（命令）   He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.  我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警告）   You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing..如果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。   Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计划。（决心） ‎ ‎  He shall have the book when I finish reading.  我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）   I shall do my homework after reading this story book..  读完这本故事书后我就做作业。‎ ‎2．should ①表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。   Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。   One shouldn't be selfish.  人千万别自私。   Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they 没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？ ②与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪   How should I know?  我怎么会知道呢   Why should I fear?  我为什么会害怕？   What should she do but cry for help?  除了呼救外，她还能干什么？   I don't know why you should think I did it.  我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。  ③表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。   It should be fine tomorrow.  明天可能天是晴天。   He should be taking a bath now.  他可能在洗澡。   It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment.已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。   The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。  ④表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。   The boys shouldn't be playing football. They should be at school.   这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。   You shouldn't have entered the teachers' office without permission.   没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。  ‎ F．ought to   1．表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。   We ought to defend our country.  我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽的义务）   You ought to respect your parents. 你应当尊敬你的父母   Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution.‎ 难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？   2．表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”‎ ‎ Prices ought to come down soon.  价格可能会很快下跌。  There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。   3．ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。   You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong  你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球   You ought to have handed in the exercise last week.   你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思)   He ought to have asked me before he took my bike.  他在用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。‎ ‎4．ought to 与should的比较。  ought to 和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to表示“应该”， 是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。   You are her mother. You ought to look after her.  你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。）   We should encourage him for we are his classmates.   我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！  G．used to   1．used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。   He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. ‎ ‎  他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了（强调现在不喝茶)   2．would 和used to的用法区别。   ①used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。   When he was young, he would smoke a lot.   他年轻时总是吸许多烟。（不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽了。）   He used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。   ②used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。   Kate used to be very thin.  以前凯特非常瘦。   There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.   街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。（不用would） ‎ H．dare   dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”。   1．情态动词dare   ①dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。   I dare not daren't walk through the forest at night.  我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。   --- Dare you walk through the forest at night   你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？   --- Yes, I dare.   是的，我敢。   --- No, I daren't.  不，我不敢。   He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.  下雨天他不敢开得太快。   He dared not do it last year.  去年他不敢做这事。（dare的过去时为dared）‎ ‎②可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。   I wonder how he dare say such things.  我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。   We don't know whether he dare climb the mountain.  我们不知道他是否敢爬那座山。  ③可以用于条件状语从句中。   If the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them to the end.  如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。   If you dare cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment.   如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。‎ ‎2．行为动词dare   ① dare可以作为行为动词，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑问句和否定句中   He will dare any danger. 他敢面对任何危险。   ②和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。   He didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago.  15年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）   He daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.15年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）   Will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow?  明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作行为动词）   Dare you do the same experiment tomorrow？  明天你敢做同样的实验吗？ （作情态动词）   I．need   1．情态动词need   need 和dare一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中（在肯定句中常被 must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代）。作为情态动词，它的词形只有need一种形式。    Need I hand in my homework now?  我现在就要交家庭作业吗？   --- Need he finish the article next week.　他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？   --- Yes, he must.　是的，他必须完成。   --- No, he needn't.  不，他不需要。（= he doesn't have to）‎ 2． 行为动词need   need和dare一样，也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。 Plant needs water.  植物需要水。  ‎ My shirt needs a button.  我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。 My car needs repairing.  我的车该修理了。 He has grown up. We don't need to worry about him.  他已经长大了，我们不必为他担心。 You don't need to buy so many things for the picnic.  你不必为这次野餐买这么多东西。  Patience is needed for that job.  干那工作，需要耐心。‎ 三、 情态动词+动词完成式 ‎ “情态动词+have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构，这种结构有两个主要的用法。表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计  may / might have done  表示“大概已经”  通常用于肯定句和否定句。   might有时可用于疑问句。   Can/ could have done  表示“可能已经”  通常用于疑问句和否定句。   could有时可用于肯定句。   must have done  表示“一定已经”  只用于肯定句，具有较大的可能性   should have done表示“该”,可能性较小   表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备   might have done  表示“本可以  通常用于肯定句   could have done  表示“本可以  通常用于肯定句。   should have done  表示“应该  可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。   ought to have done  表示“应该”  同should have done。   needn't have done 表示“本没有必要”  只用于否定句。‎ A． may /might /have done   1．表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，常译为“可能已经”。   They might have taken a later train. 也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。   He seems to know the city quite well. He may have been there before. 他似乎对那个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过那儿。   2．表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。   You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。   The proposal might have been refused. 这个建议本该拒绝的。‎ B． Can (could) have done ‎1．表示对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句。   He can't couldn't have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。 2．could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾，可译成“本来是可以……的”。   Why didn't Sophie apply for the job She could have got it. 为什么索菲不申请这项工作？她本来是能得到的   Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York You could have stayed with Barbara.  你到纽约时为什么住宾馆？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。   Given more time, we could have done the work better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。‎ C． must have done 1． 表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性。只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句用can’t/couldn’t have done His watch must have stopped. 他的表肯定停了。  --- Oh, it must have been my brother Peter.  哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得。‎ ‎2．用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。  You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. ‎ ‎ 如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。（事实上没有赶上公共汽车）  He must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。.‎ D． needn't have done   用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某事，可是做了”。‎ The airport is close to us. You needn't have hurried there early. 机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里。（可是你早早地到那儿了）  He is still young. You needn't have sent him such an expensive present. 他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。  注意：如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，需用didn't need to do。   It is not cold today. I didn't need to take the thick sweaters out. 今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。（实际上也没拿）‎ E． Should/ought to have done ‎1．表示对过去动作的责备或批评。   You should have gone over your lessons. (In fact you didn't go over your lessons.) 你们应把功课复习好的。（可事实上你们没有。）   You shouldn't have watched TV last night. (In fact you watched TV last night.) 你们昨天晚上本不该看电视。（可你们看了。）   You oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission. 没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办公室   You oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone.  你不该独自去那荒凉之地。‎ ‎2．表示期待或推测。   If the flight was on time, you should/ ought to have arrived in Shanghai early this morning. 如果航班准点的话，你今早就能到上海了。  F．would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果   I would have been happy to see him, but I didn't have time. 我会很高兴和他见面的，但我没时间见他。   If your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。‎ 注意点 ‎1.表示能力，意为“能，会”，用can, could, be able to均可，could是can的过去式。区别是：can只有过去时could，而be able to有多种时态。‎ John can speak three foreign languages fluently.约翰能流利地说三门外语。‎ John could swim when he was four.约翰四岁时就会游泳。‎ I regretted that I hadn’t been able to drive him home.我后悔我没能开车送他回家。‎ Will you be able to help me learn English tomorrow?明天你能帮助我学习英语吗？‎ ‎2.表示请求或允许，意为“可以”时，用can、could或may均可，只不过can比may更正式，could比can语气更委婉。‎ Can I park my car in front of your office?我能把我的车停在你的办公室前面吗？‎ ‎----Could I use your bike now?----Certainly. Go ahead.‎ May I have a look at the photos that you took yesterday?我能看一下你昨天拍的照片吗？‎ ‎3. must, can, may/might表推测时的用法。‎ 表推测时must用于肯定句，can用于疑问句和否定句，may/might用于肯定句和否定句。must用于否定句时不表推测，表示“禁止，千万不做…”。‎ The man standing over there must be a doctor.站在那边的那个男子一定是个医生。‎ The man standing over there can’t be a doctor.站在那边的那个男子不可能是个医生。‎ can和may表推测都可用于否定句，但can’t的意思是“不可能”，may not的意思是“可能不”。可见can’t的否定意味更强。‎ A teacher like her may not be popular with the students.‎ 像她这样的老师可能不会受到学生的欢迎。‎ A teacher like her can not be popular with the students.‎ 像她这样的老师不可能会受到学生的欢迎。‎ ‎4. shall是近几年全国各省市高考中考查频率较高的一个重点情态助动词。主要掌握以下内容：shall与第一人称搭配，用于疑问句，表提出请求或征求意见；与二、三人称搭配，用于陈述句（肯定句和否定句），表警告、威胁、允诺、命令、强制、决心等。‎ Shall he open the window?他打开窗户好吗？（征求意见）‎ You shall get the justice that you want.你会得到你想要的公平。（表允诺）‎ You shall not use my camera if you don’t use it properly.如果你不正确使用，我不会让你使用我的照相机（表警告）‎ No, he shan’t go.不! 他不能去。（表命令）‎ Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.什么也阻挡不了我们实施这项计划。（表决心）‎ ‎5. must和should推测之外的用法。‎ 上面讲了must在肯定句中表推测的用法，must在肯定句中还有“必须”的用法。注意二者不要混淆。另外，must还有“偏偏，非要做…”的意思。‎ We must do everything step by step.我们一定要一步一个脚印地做每一件事情。‎ If you must smoke, please go outside.如果你非要抽烟，请出去。‎ When everybody was in bed, he must turned the radio on.大家都上床睡觉了，他偏偏把收音机打开了。‎ should表示吃惊、赞叹、不满等情绪，是高考热点。‎ It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.这几年你们有了这么大的成就真了不起。‎ You can’t imagine a gentleman like him should treat a lady so rudely.你想象不出来象他这样一位绅士竟然会如此粗鲁地对待一位女士。 ‎ 情态动词的反义疑问句 ‎1．当陈述句部分有情态动词must时 ‎（1）must表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn’t) 。 You mustn’t stop your car here, must you?‎ ‎（2）must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用needn’t。 ‎ They must finish the work today, needn’t they? ‎ You must see the doctor, needn’t you?‎ ‎（3）当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 ‎ He must be good at maths, isn’t he? ‎ （4） 当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”（must + have done）时：‎ a). 单纯表示对过去的推测, 与现在无关, 反意疑问句附加部分用过去式。‎ b). 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在, 反意疑问句附加部分用现在完成式。 ‎ She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?‎ You must have told her about it, haven’t you?‎ She must have had a very good time, didn’t she?‎ He must have lived here at least ten years, hasn’t he?‎ ‎2.当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t　　‎ The old man used to smoke, didn’t he?或usedn’t he? ‎ ‎3. 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtn’t或shouldn’t We ought to read this book, oughtn’t we?或shouldn’t we?‎ ‎4.当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had 　You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?‎ ‎5.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）‎ ‎ We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?‎ ‎6. 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?‎ 7. 情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问用 need (dare ) +主语We need not do it again, need we ? ‎ He dare not say so, dare you/he?‎ 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?‎ ‎2007-2010年情态动词高考题集锦 ‎2007年高考题 ‎1. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?‎ ‎ —It ______ be, but it is now heavily polluted.（2007 全国卷I）‎ ‎ A. will B. would C. should D. must ‎ ‎2. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ______ take care of your luggage. （2007 北京卷）‎ A. can B. may C. must D. will ‎3. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we ___go to work tomorrow. （2007 上海卷）‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎4. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.（2007 上海卷）‎ ‎ —Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.‎ ‎ A. must B. should C. must have D. should have ‎5. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? （2007 福建卷）‎ A. can B. must C. should D. would ‎6. The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. （2007 湖南卷）‎ ‎ A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎ ‎7. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. （2007 江苏卷）‎ ‎ —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.‎ ‎ A. should B. could C. must D. might ‎8. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.‎ ‎ —You it in the wrong place.（2007 江西卷）‎ ‎ A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put ‎9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area .（2007 陕西卷）‎ A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair ‎10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.（2007 陕西卷）‎ A. could B. must C. night D. should ‎11. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. （2007 安徽卷）‎ ‎ A. should B. can C. would D. must ‎12. 一What does the sign over there read?‎ 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”（2007 四川卷）‎ A. will B. may C. shall D. must ‎13. —My cat’s really fat.‎ ‎ —You ______ have given her so much food. （2007 浙江卷）‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t ‎ ‎14. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?‎ ‎—You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. （2007 重庆卷）‎ A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t ‎15. —Turn off the TV, Jack.. ____ your homework now?‎ ‎—Mum, just ten more minutes, please. （2007 辽宁卷）‎ A. Should you be doing B. Shouldn't you be doing ‎ C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing ‎2008年高考题 ‎1. John promised his doctor he __not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.（北京）‎ A. might B. should C. could D. would.‎ ‎2. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here. （08天津卷）‎ ‎ A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎3.–-- I can’t find my purse anywhere. （08重庆卷）‎ ‎ --- You ______ have lost it while shopping.‎ A. may B. can C. should D. would ‎ ‎4. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (08上海卷) A. may B. can C. would D. should ‎5. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime. （08福建卷）A. must B. can C. should D. would ‎6. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book by the title. （08湖南卷）‎ A. must B. need C. can D. would ‎ ‎7. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.‎ ‎—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. （08江苏卷）‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted ‎8. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you. （08山东卷）A. can manage B. could have managed ‎ C. could manage D. can have managed ‎9. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. （08江西卷）‎ A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done ‎10. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. （08辽宁卷）A. shall B. should C. can D. must ‎11. Liza ______well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. (08全国II)‎ A. will B. can C. must D. may ‎12. –-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?‎ ‎--Well, it _________ be big--that’s not important. （08陕西卷）‎ A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t ‎13. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. (08四川卷)‎ ‎ A. must B. may C. shall D. should ‎14. You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago! （08浙江卷）‎ A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ‎2009年高考题 ‎1. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. （09安徽）‎ A. must B. may C. should D. would ‎2. One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. （09北京）‎ A. need B. must C. should D. can ‎3. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. （09福建）‎ ‎ A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won ‎4.— It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.‎ ‎— Oh, sorry. （09湖南）‎ A. must B. will C. may D. need ‎5. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve.（09海南）‎ A. should B. would C. will D. shall ‎6. It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. （09上海）‎ A. may B. can C. must D. should ‎7. —I don’t care what people think.‎ ‎—Well, you _______.（09四川）‎ A. could B. would C. should D. might ‎8. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. （09天津）‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎9. —Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?‎ ‎ —She _____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. （09重庆）‎ A. shall be     B. should have been C. must be      D. might have been ‎10. I can’t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. （09全国2）‎ A. can B. must C. will D. may ‎11. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he         it differently. （09江苏）‎ A. could express                        B. would express C. could have expressed                 D. must have expressed ‎2010年高考题 ‎1. Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man（10安徽）‎ A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ‎ ‎2. You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. （10湖南）‎ A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to ‎ ‎3. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? （10江西）‎ A Must B Can C May D Will ‎4. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. （10山东）‎ A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t ‎5. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. （天津）‎ A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t ‎ ‎6. — I take the book out? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m ‎ ‎ ‎—I'm afraid not. （10四川）‎ A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need ‎7. Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon . （10全国Ⅰ）‎ A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether ‎ ‎8. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.‎ ‎ —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. （10江苏）‎ A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_‎ ‎9. ---May I take this book out of the reading room?‎ ‎ ---No, you . You read it in here. （0陕西）‎ A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎10. I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy. （10全国Ⅱ）‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t ‎11. It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do) （10湖北）‎ 答案：can’t/ couldn’t have done it ‎12. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.‎ ‎ （10辽宁）‎ A．can B．will C．must D．may ‎13. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.‎ ‎ ---Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. （10北京）‎ ‎ A. might B. must C. would D. can ‎14. “You have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”‎ A. need B. can C. must D. would ‎ ‎2011年高考英语真题情态动词和虚拟 ‎ (2011全国卷I) 32. They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.‎ ‎ A. will B. can ‎ C. must D. should ‎（2011全国卷II）8. If you _______ smoke, please go outside.‎ ‎ A. can B. should C. must D. may ‎（2011北京卷）24. - I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?‎ ‎ - Don’t worry. He __________ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.‎ ‎ A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not ‎（2011北京卷）30. Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.‎ ‎ A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying ‎（2011北京卷）28. - Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.‎ ‎ - I wish they _________ always late.‎ ‎ A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been ‎(2011上海卷) 28. I _____ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t ‎（2011天津卷）15. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.‎ A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come ‎（2011江西卷）23. It ______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t ‎（2011江西卷）28. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.‎ A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put ‎（2011江苏卷）34. —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials.‎ ‎ —How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it.‎ ‎ A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen ‎（2011安徽卷）26. — What do you think of store shopping in the future?‎ ‎—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.‎ A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced ‎（2011浙江卷）11.—How’s your new babysitter? ‎ ‎ —We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. ‎ ‎ A. should B. might C. mustn’t D. couldn’t ‎ ‎（2011福建卷）25.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ‎ ‎—I am afraid you _______ , in case he comes late for the meeting.‎ A. will B. must C. may D. can ‎（2011福建卷）34.—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.‎ ‎—I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.‎ A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended ‎（2011四川卷）20. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______. . ‎ ‎ A. can B. may C. must D. should ‎（2011辽宁卷）21. If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.‎ ‎ A. can B. may C. must D. will ‎（2011陕西卷）22.I__________through that bitter period without your generous help. ‎ A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone ‎（2011陕西卷）24.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy? ‎ ‎--OK. You________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. ‎ A. might B. must C. could D. shall ‎（2011重庆卷）25.——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?‎ ‎—— I want to, but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.‎ A. could B. might C. would D. should ‎(2011湖南卷)28 .---No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.‎ ‎ ---Oh, you are really his big fan.‎ A. can B. need C. must D. might ‎ ‎2012高考英语单选题分类汇编 情态动词与虚拟语气 ‎【2012全国卷II】⒘ I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.‎ ‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎【2012重庆】25.-____you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?‎ ‎ -Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.‎ ‎ A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would ‎【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.‎ A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎【2012北京】33. We __ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?‎ A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced ‎【2012福建】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _____ more places of interest yesterday.‎ A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited ‎【2012陕西】17. If my car _____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.‎ A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be ‎ ‎【2012陕西】23. I _______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.‎ A. won’t B. can’t C. can D. will ‎【2012山东】30. If we _____ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.‎ A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made ‎【2012湖南】29. Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.‎ A. have had B. had had C. have D. had ‎ ‎【2012天津】8. It’s quite warm here; we _____ turn the heating on yet.‎ A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎【2012天津】15. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home.‎ A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered ‎ ‎【2012江西】22. We ____ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.‎ A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t ‎ ‎【2012辽宁】24. One of our rules is that every student ____ wear school uniform while at school.‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will ‎【2012辽宁】33. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead of just talking.‎ A. will do B. has done C. do D. did ‎ ‎【2012四川】19. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I ____ do in China.‎ A. must B. might C. can D. should ‎ ‎【2012浙江】19. Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts.‎ A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had【2012江苏】28. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ____ say where he was.‎ A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t ‎2007 The key: 1-5CCCCA 6-10BCDAD 11-15DCCAB ‎2008 The key: 1-5DAADB 6-10CBBDC 11-14DBBB ‎2009 The key: 1-5BDBAA 6-10CCBCB 11C ‎2010 The key: 1-5DDAAA 6-10BABDA 12-14CBC ‎2011 The key DCDCA DDBDB CDBDA CADCA ‎2012 The key ACDCD BBDDC DBCDB DC ‎2007 The key: 1-5CCCCA 6-10BCDAD 11-15DCCAB ‎2008 The key: 1-5DAADB 6-10CBBDC 11-14DBBB ‎2009 The key: 1-5BDBAA 6-10CCBCB 11C ‎2010 The key: 1-5DDAAA 6-10BABDA 12-14CBC ‎2011 The key DCDCA DDBDB CDBDA CADCA ‎2012 The key ACDCD BBDDC DBCDB DC ‎2007 The key: 1-5CCCCA 6-10BCDAD 11-15DCCAB ‎2008 The key: 1-5DAADB 6-10CBBDC 11-14DBBB ‎2009 The key: 1-5BDBAA 6-10CCBCB 11C ‎2010 The key: 1-5DDAAA 6-10BABDA 12-14CBC ‎2011 The key DCDCA DDBDB CDBDA CADCA ‎2012 The key ACDCD BBDDC DBCDB DC ‎2007 The key: 1-5CCCCA 6-10BCDAD 11-15DCCAB ‎2008 The key: 1-5DAADB 6-10CBBDC 11-14DBBB ‎2009 The key: 1-5BDBAA 6-10CCBCB 11C ‎2010 The key: 1-5DDAAA 6-10BABDA 12-14CBC ‎2011 The key DCDCA DDBDB CDBDA CADCA ‎2012 The key ACDCD BBDDC DBCDB D