高考一轮复习英语语法专项十八冠词 9页

‎2012届高考一轮复习语法专项十八：冠 词 ‎（一）考纲要求 ‎ 考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。‎ ‎（二）命题导向 冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。‎ ‎（三）基本用法 ‎ 当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。‎ ‎ 1、定冠词的基本用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.‎ ‎② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.‎ ‎③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。‎ ‎④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.‎ ‎⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.‎ ‎⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.‎ ‎⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.‎ ‎⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.‎ ‎⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths ‎⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.‎ ‎⑾　发明物。如：The compass was invented in China. ‎ ‎⑿　年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 　　⒀　固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time ‎2、不定冠词的基本用法：‎ ‎① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.‎ ‎② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.‎ ‎③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.‎ ‎④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）‎ ‎⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）‎ ‎⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"） 　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word ‎ ‎3、不用冠词的情况：‎ ‎① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）‎ ‎② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.‎ ‎③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.‎ ‎④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.‎ ‎⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?‎ ‎⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?‎ ‎⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.‎ ‎⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.‎ ‎⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。‎ 练习（一）、冠 词 ‎1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.‎ ‎ A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a ‎2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.‎ ‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a ‎3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.‎ ‎ A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a ‎4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.‎ ‎ A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The ‎5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.‎ ‎ A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a ‎6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.‎ ‎ A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a ‎7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every ‎8. He was absent because he had caught ____.‎ ‎ A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold ‎9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a ‎10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.‎ ‎ A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a ‎11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.‎ ‎ A. a B. the C. another D. other ‎12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.‎ ‎ A. first B. a first C. second D. the second ‎13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a ‎14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.‎ ‎ A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995‎ ‎15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the ‎16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a ‎17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.‎ ‎ A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s ‎18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller ‎19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.‎ ‎ A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano ‎20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book. ‎ A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead ‎21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.‎ ‎ A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the ‎22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.‎ ‎ A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /‎ ‎23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.‎ ‎ A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the ‎24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /‎ ‎25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth? ‎ A. man B. the man C. a man D. men ‎26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./‎ ‎27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That ‎28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.‎ ‎ A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a ‎29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a ‎30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.‎ ‎ A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day 练习（二）、冠 词 ‎1. ---You mean you know the man? 　---I know________ man exactly like him. 　　 A. other 　 B. the 　 C. / 　 D. a 2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another? 　　 A. a, / 　 B. the, / 　 C. a, the　 D. the, the 3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. 　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us. 　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. /, / 　 D. /, a 4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain. 　　 A. a,/, the 　 B. a,/, / 　 C. the, the, the　 D. the, an, an 5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million. 　　 A. the, the 　 B. the, / 　 C. the, a　 D. /, a 6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001. 　　 A. /, / 　 B. his, his 　 C. the, the　 D. an, his 7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society. 　　 A. the, / 　 B. /, / 　 C. /, a 　 D. the, the 8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower. 　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, a　 D. the, the 9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present? 　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　 C. the, a, the　 D. the, the, a 10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time. 　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, a　 D. /, a 11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall. 　　 A. the, a 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. the,‎ ‎ / 12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology? 　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book? 　　 A. a, a 　 B. a, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, the 13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society. 　　 A. /, / 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, / 　 D./, the 14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by? 　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look. 　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, the　 D. the, a 15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look. 　　 A. a, the, the 　 B. a,/,the 　 C. /,/,the 　 D. /,/,a 16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom. 　　 A. an, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, / 17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house? 　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep. 　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /‎ ‎18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation. 　　 A. the, the 　 B. a, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, / 19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people. 　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. /, / 　 D. the, / 20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning. 　　 A. /, a 　 B. the, / 　 C. /, the 　 D. the, the 21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind. 　　 A. the dress 　 B. a dress 　 C. dress 　 D. the dresses 22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? 　---Oh, it was ____ success. 　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　 C. How, / 　 D. What, quite a 23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital ‎ treatment. 　　 A. /,/,the 　 B. a,/,/ 　 C. a, the,/　 D. /,the, the 24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world. 　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　 C. a, a, the 　 D. a, the, the 25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch. 　　 A. /, / 　 B. /, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, the 26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning. 　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to? 　　 A. a, the 　 B. the, a 　 C. the, the 　 D. a, a 27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business. 　　 A. a, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, the 　 D. a, / 28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one. 　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, an　 D. the, the 29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road. 　　 A. /, / 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, /　 D. the, the 30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means? 　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question. 　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　 D. /, the, /‎ ‎31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991) 　　 A./;　 B. a　 C. the　 D. one 32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour. 　　 A./;/　 B. the ; the　 C. the; /　 D./;the 33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom. 　 A./; /　 B. the; the　 C. the; /　 D./; the 34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places. 　 A. the ; the　 B./; /　 C. the; /　 D./; the 35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important ‎ discoveries. 　　 A. the; the　 B. the ; /　 C. a; /　 D. a ; the 36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another? 　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the 37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today. 　　 A. a; /　 B. the; an　 C. the; the　 D./;the 38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century. 　　 A. the ; /　 B. the; the　 C./; the　 D./; / 39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .‎ A.90s; their　 B. the 90s; /　 C.90s; / D. the 90s; their 40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food. 　　 A. the; a　 B./; a　 C. the ; the　 D./; the ‎ ‎41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning. 　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7) 　　 A. a; the　 B. the; the　 C. the ; a　 D. a; a 42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny. 　　 A./; a　 B. the; /　 C./; /　 D. the ; the 43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters. 　　 A. a; the　 B. the ;不填　 C. the; the　 D. was killing 44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26) 　　 A./;the　 B./;an　 C. an; an　 D. the; the ‎45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. 　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember. 　　 A. the, the 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, a 冠 词 练习一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA ‎ ‎26~30 DCBBA 练习二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB ‎ ‎26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB