2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（8）（含解析） 12页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（8）‎ 李仕才 A ‎(2017·长春监测二)‎ A few years ago, I__felt__like__I__was__stuck__in__a__rut(车辙)，so I decided to follow in the footsteps of a great American philosopher, Morgan Spurlock，and try something new for 30 days.The idea is actually pretty simple.Think about something you’ve always wanted to add to your life and try it for the next 30 days.It turns out 30 days is just the right amount of time.‎ There’re a few things I learned while doing these 30day challenges.The first was the time was much more memorable.This was part of a challenge I did to take a picture every day.I also noticed that as I started to do more and harder 30day challenges，my selfrecognition grew.I went from a deskdwelling computer nerd(电脑迷)to the kind of guy who biked to work.‎ Even last year，I ended up hiking up Mt.Kilimanjaro.I would never have been that adventurous before I started my 30day challenges.‎ I also figured out that if you really want something badly enough, you can do anything for 30 days.Have you ever wanted to write a novel？Tens of thousands of people try to write their own 50，000word novel in 30 days.It turns out that all you have to do is write 1，667 words a day for a month.So I did.‎ So here’s my question to you：What are you waiting for？The next 30 days are going to pass whether you like it or not，so why not think about something you have always wanted to try and give it a shot!‎ ‎1．The underlined sentence in Para. 1 means ________．‎ A．I felt my life was unchanged and boring B．I didn’t like following others’ footsteps C．I thought that I was in trouble D．it seemed that my car broke down ‎2．The author did all the following things every day to change EXCEPT ________．‎ A．take a photo ‎ B．cycle to work C．write over 1，000 words D．stick to computer games ‎ 12‎ ‎3．The author of the passage aims to ________．‎ A．talk about his own experiences B．encourage people to try something new ‎ C．introduce a new philosophy D．show people the challenges in life ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Would You Like to Change Yourself?‎ B．Fed up With Your Life C．Ways to Challenge Yourself D．Try Something New for 30 Days ‎【解题导语】　本文讲述了作者的亲身经历，告诉读者30天刚好是一段合适的时间去养成一个新的习惯或改掉一个旧的习惯。‎ ‎1．A　解析：句意理解题。根据so I decided to follow in the footsteps of a great American philosopher，Morgan Spurlock，and try something new for 30 days 可知，作者认为固有的生活轨迹禁锢了自己，让自己的生活变得乏味。因此决定追随伟大的哲学家摩根·斯珀洛克的思想，用30天的时间去尝试新事物。故选A项。‎ ‎2．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的关键信息take a picture 和biked to work以及第四段中的It turns out that all you have to do is write 1，667 words a day for a month.So I did.可知作者在尝试改变的过程中没有沉溺于网络游戏。故选D项。‎ ‎3．B　解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段中的What are you waiting for？可知，作者的写作目的是鼓励人们去尝试自己想做的事情，尝试新事物。故选B项。‎ ‎4．D　解析：标题归纳题。作者强调的是用30天尝试一些新的事情，做出改变。故D项符合文章主旨。‎ B ‎(2015·河南毕业班适应性模拟练习)‎ Indians who like alcohol usually choose whiskey as their drink.But, slowly, wine is growing more popular in the country. India’s first vineyard, a farm where grapes are grown, is named Sula. Nagesh Kamble and his wife Snehal have come to the hilly vineyard from Pune, about two hundred kilometers south. The young couple wanted to learn how wine is made. They began drinking wine at a special event two years ago.‎ 12‎ ‎“It was in Pune when there was a wine tasting festival going on.”Snehal Kamble tells why the couple chose this time to come to Sula.“...it is our anniversary this week, so we are kind of celebrating.”‎ Sula Vineyards is India’s largest Indian winemaker. Ten years ago it opened a tasting room to create a wine culture among people like the Kambles. About 200，000 people visit every year. It is especially busy on weekends. Visitors explore the vineyards. Then, they learn how to taste wine.‎ Indian tradition has not been approving of alcoholic drinks. And until now, whiskey is the kind of alcohol that the general public has accepted.‎ Neeraj Agarwal is vice president of Sula Vineyards. He has seen the change that has taken place since the company struggled to sell its first several thousand bottles of wine in 2000. Last year Sula sold more than seven million bottles. Mr. Agarwal believes that wine is helping change opinion about alcohol.‎ ‎“In five years, the scenario has completely changed. Earlier, talking about alcohol in the open and seeing a woman having a glass of wine in hand was a taboo(禁忌). Now, it’s wonderful, families coming, sitting together and enjoying.”‎ Young professionals are the main supports of the growth in India’s wine market.The market is expanding at about 13 percent a year. Indian women still represent a very small number of the wine drinkers in the country. But their numbers are growing more than twice as fast as men. In big cities like Delhi and Mumbai, women buying wine or having a drink is no longer considered unacceptable.‎ ‎1．Nagesh Kamble and his wife came to Sula Vineyards mainly to ________．‎ 12‎ A．take charge of the vineyard ‎ B．learn about wine making C．create a wine tasting culture ‎ D．celebrate their wedding anniversary ‎2．Who most probably made the remarks in Paragraph 6?‎ A．A wine salesman. ‎ B．The vice president of Sula Vineyards.‎ C．A young professional. ‎ D．A visitor who explored the vineyards.‎ ‎3．Who contributes most to the growth in India’s wine market?‎ A．Vineyards visitors. ‎ B．Wine makers.‎ C．Indian women.‎ D．Young professionals.‎ ‎4．The text mainly tells us that ________．‎ A．there is a love of wine growing in ‎India B．Indians usually choose whiskey as their drink C．Sula Vineyards is India’s largest Indian winemaker D．Indian men represent the largest number of wine drinkers　‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章以一对年轻夫妇到一个葡萄园学习酿酒的事情，阐述了一个事实：一直反对饮酒的印度人现在开始理解并越来越接受饮酒。这些主要源于年轻一代的支持。‎ ‎1．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“The young couple wanted to learn how 12‎ ‎ wine is made.”可知，他们夫妻俩是来葡萄园学习如何酿酒的。故选B。‎ ‎2．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Mr. Agarwal believes that wine is helping change opinion about alcohol.”可知，葡萄园副园长Mr.Agarwal认为现在人们改变了对酒精的态度，而第六段是具体阐述，即第六段中的话也是副园长Mr.Agarwal说的。故选B。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Young professionals are the main supports of the growth in India’s wine market.”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎4．解析：选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以前印度人是反对酒精的，而这些年情况逐渐改变，印度人越来越喜欢饮酒。A项概括了本文的主要内容。故选A。‎ C Bursting into the classroom from recess (课间休息), 15 children take their seats and face the woman they know as Ms. Yang.‎ ‎“What day is it today？” she asks, in Mandarin Chinese (普通话)．‎ ‎“Confucius' birthday！” the fifth graders shout in Mandarin.‎ ‎“Why do we celebrate Confucius' birthday？”‎ ‎“Because he's the greatest teacher in the history of China！” exclaims a brownhaired girl. She is speaking Mandarin.‎ English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang's class at the Chinese‎ American International ‎School (CAIS), despite the fact that few students are native speakers of Mandarin.‎ The United States is actively trying to increase the group of students in “critical languages” such as Mandarin. The students at CAIS are way ahead in such a trend.‎ Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco‎, ‎USA, does what few other American schools do: It produces fully fluent speakers of Mandarin Chinese, by far the most commonly spoken language in the world.‎ Mandarin Chinese is suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the world's leading economy sometimes this century, schools in the U. S.‎ are scrambling to add Mandarin to their list of foreign languages or expand Chinese programs already in place.‎ ‎“It really is almost unprecedented (无前例的). People are looking at China as a force to be reckoned with... And to ensure that the U. S.‎ has the ability to conduct trade,‎ 12‎ ‎ and to work with the Chinese, certainly having an understanding of Chinese language and culture is an advantage，” said Marty Abbott of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages(ACTFL)．‎ To develop Chineselanguage programs has not been smooth. A shortage of trained teachers has made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools do get teachers, they often hire them straight from China, and the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S.‎ Robert Liu remembers his first two years in an American classroom. It was not an easy adjustment. “In China, students respect their teachers，” he said. Liu found that American students, however, expect an active teaching style. He had to use games to engage them rather than lectures.‎ To avoid many of the problems with foreign teaching styles, the CAIS has been working with the Chinese government to improve training of teachers who are sent to the U. S.‎ 文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。随着中国经济地位的增长，美国的很多学校掀起了学习汉语的热潮。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．Understanding Chinese language and culture is helpful to work with Chinese.‎ B．Chineselanguage programs have met trouble during the development.‎ C．Many other American schools do the same as CAIS, founded 25 years ago.‎ D．A lack of trained Mandarin Chinese teachers is a problem for the programs.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第八段第一句“Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do...”可知，C项中“Many other American schools”表述错误。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．What kind of problem is the most difficult to adjust in teaching Chinese in America?‎ A．To adapt themselves to the American life styles.‎ B．To communicate with the American students.‎ C．To get along well with the American students.‎ D．To be fit for the cultural differences in teaching styles.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句中的“the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S．”和倒数第二段内容可知，中国老师到美国任教时，遭遇到的最大问题就是文化冲击，由于教学风格的不同，老师们需要做出很大的调整。故答案选D。‎ ‎3．The meaning of the underlined word “scrambling” is similar to ________.‎ A．climbing B．rushing 12‎ C．changing D．beating 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第九段画线词上下句内容可知，画线词所在句的句意为：由于中国将会成为本世纪领先的经济体，很多美国学校正在加紧将普通话列入他们的外语名单当中或扩大现在已有的汉语项目。因此，画线词应为“加速，加紧”之意，故答案选B。‎ ‎4．It can be learned from the passage that ________.‎ A．the students in Lisa Yang's class usually speak Chinese B．there are few American students in Lisa Yang's class C．we celebrate Confucius' birthday because he's the greatest history teacher D．in America the students don't respect their teachers 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第六段中“English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang's class...”可知，在杨老师的课堂上很少用英语。A项表述正确。故答案选A。根据第五段的内容可知，C项错误；B、D两项在原文中没有涉及。故排除。‎ D ‎(2015·河南三市第二次调研)‎ Mostly, only a single answer is correct to a question. But there is one question that has numberless correct answers. That question is “What’s your name？” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.‎ Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?‎ People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other members of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a wellknown person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.‎ Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”；Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”； Donald means “world ruler”； Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．‎ 12‎ The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.‎ Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, Smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some other occupational names are：Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans.‎ The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s greatgreatgreatgrandfather probably built houses and furniture.‎ Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.‎ Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.Englishspeaking people added s or son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O.Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.‎ 12‎ ‎1．Which of the following is NOT covered in the surnames of the passage?‎ A．People’s characters. ‎ B．People’s occupations.‎ C．Places where people lived. ‎ D．Talents that people possessed.‎ ‎2．According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably ________．‎ A．owned or drove a cart ‎ B．made things with metals C．built houses and furniture ‎ D．made kitchen tools or containers ‎3．Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their newborn son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________．‎ A．Beatrice Smith ‎ B．Leonard Carter C．Donald Greenwood ‎ D．George Longstreet ‎4．The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s ________．‎ A．ancestors ‎ B．later generations C．friends and relatives ‎ 12‎ D．colleagues and partners ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了西方人姓名的来历。西方人的姓一般跟居住地、职业和个人天赋有关；名字常常用以表达个人美好的愿望。有一些家庭的孩子的名字是在父亲的名字后面加上s或者son。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的“A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook”可知，姓可能跟居住地有关，故排除C项；根据第六段第一句“Other early surnames came from people’s occupations.”可知，姓可能与职业有关，故排除B项；根据第八段第一句“Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair...or their special abilities.”可知，姓可能与人的头发的颜色、特殊的技能等有关，故排除D项；只有A项文中未提及。故A项正确。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Other early surnames came from people’s occupations.”可知，姓与职业有关；根据该段最后一句中的“Potter—a person who made pots and pans”可知，姓Potter的人，很可能是从事制造炊事用具的人。pots and pans意为“炊事用具”。故D项正确。‎ ‎3．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.”可知，住在森林附近的人姓Greenwood；根据第四段中的“Donald means‘world ruler’”可知，Donald意为“世界的统治者”，由此可推知，一个住在森林附近、想要他的孩子成为世界领袖的人，他给孩子起的名字应为Donald Greenwood。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name.Englishspeaking people added s or son.”可知，有一些家庭的孩子的名字是在父亲的名字后面加上s或者son，由此可推知，Johnsons是John的后代。故画线词意为“后代”。故B项正确。‎ E Imagine this scene: it’s blowing outside, and you snuggle (蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt, chatting and recalling with your closest friends.‎ 12‎ That content, cosy feeling has a name in Danish —hygge. And, as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”, the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept.‎ Hygge —originally from a Norwegian word meaning well-being — doesn’t have an exact equivalent (等同物) in English. It’s often translated as coziness, or as blogger Anna West told the BBC, “coziness of the soul”. But, as professor Maren Spark explains, “Hygge was never meant to be translated. It was meant to be felt.”‎ Basically, hygge involves creating a warm, cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark and so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical Hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light-hearted conversation with friends —preferably in the warm glow of candlelight, or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing.‎ However, hygge isn’t only limited to the cold winter months —it can also describe that warm, fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on summer’s day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared.‎ ‎1.The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to_________ .‎ A. help the readers to calm down B. introduce the topic of the passage C. present the main idea of the passage D. remind the readers of their past memories ‎2.What do the underlined words by Maren Spark mean?‎ A. The translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough.‎ B. Only Danish speakers know what “hygge” means.‎ C. “Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel.‎ D. We can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it.‎ ‎3.Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity?‎ A. Skiing in the cold winter months. ‎ B. Living through long dark winters.‎ 12‎ C. Taking afternoon tea with friends. ‎ D. Walking alone in the forest.‎ ‎4.The author writes this passage to_________.‎ A. explain B. persuade ‎ C. comment D. advertise ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，举例说明丹麦语hygge只可意会不可言传，需要用心去感受。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段首句“That content, cosy feeling has a name in Danish —hygge.”可知，作者让读者想想这样舒适的场景就是为了引出hygge这一话题。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据画线部分前的“doesn’t have an exact equivalent in English.”可知，画线部分的意思是hygge只可意会不可言传。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过举例说明hygge只可意会不可言传，所以本文是为了解释丹麦语hygge的意思。‎ 12‎