2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（23）（含解析） 12页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（23）‎ 李仕才 A If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock.According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.‎ Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1,000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over ‎7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries (动脉).Over time, this can cause serious injuries.‎ Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy.Anything more is just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.”‎ The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events, triathlons and long-distance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study,“You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.”‎ ‎1.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “　　　”. ‎ A.hard B.regular C.practical D.flexible 12‎ 答案:A 解析:词义猜测题。此处指像马拉松一样的锻炼,所以strenuous应与hard意思相近,表示“艰苦的,费力的”。regular“定时的”;practical“实用的”;flexible“灵活的”。‎ ‎2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to 　　　. ‎ A.suggest giving up jogging B.show risks of doing sports C.provide supportive evidence D.introduce the research process 答案:C 解析:写作目的题。作者在第二段中采用了列数字的方法,是为了提供支持的证据,能更有力地说明第一段的研究结论。‎ ‎3.According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful?‎ A.It may injure the heart and arteries.‎ B.It can make the body tired out.‎ C.It will bring much pressure.‎ D.It consumes too much energy.‎ 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句“Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries.Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.”可知,剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉结构发生变化,从而有损健康。‎ ‎4.What can be inferred from the text?‎ A.Jogging is the best exercise.‎ B.More exercise means a healthier life.‎ C.Marathon runners are least likely to die.‎ D.Proper exercise contributes to good health.‎ 答案:D 解析:推理判断题。根据最后两段可知,过度锻炼不仅没有必要,而且还可能有害,适当的锻炼会有助于健康。‎ B 12‎ ‎(2016·齐鲁名校高三第一次联考)‎ These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint.Green buildings can also refer to environmentally friendly houses，factories，and offices.‎ Green building means“reducing the effect of the building on the land”，Taryn Holowka of the U．S. Green Building Council (评议会) in Washington，D.C.，said.According to Holowka，building accounts for 65 percent of total U．S.‎ electricity use.‎ But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.Also，the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways，so that people can drive their cars less.That could be good for the environment，because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution.Green buildings are often built on developed land，so that the buildings don’t destroy forests.‎ Marty Dettling is project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action.The Solaire has been called the country’s first green highrise building.According to Dettling，“We’ve reduced our energy use by onethird and our water by 50 percent.”‎ The Solaire cuts energy in part by using solar power.“On the face of the building we have solar panels (光板) which change the sun’s energy into electricity，”Dettling explained.‎ The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room.In addition，the building has lots of windows，allowing people to use the sun for light during the day.The Solaire cuts water by reusing it.‎ Not everyone is eager to move into a green building，however.Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources.Anyhow，Holowka said，“It’s going to be big.”‎ 12‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了绿色建筑。在建筑的寿命周期内，最大限度地节约资源(节能、节地、节水、节材)、保护环境和减少污染，为人们提供健康、适用和高效的使用空间，与自然和谐共处。‎ ‎1．A green building means________.‎ A．a building that uses no electricity B．a building that saves energy and water C．a building occupying less land D．a greencolored building 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第三段第一句，绿色建筑为节约能源和水的环保建筑。‎ ‎2．A green building is often built on an area of land________.‎ A．which has already been for buildings B．which has thick forests around C．where people of high income live D．where traveling around by car is most convenient 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，绿色建筑常建在已经开发过的土地上，以便不再毁坏森林。‎ ‎3．When Holowka says in the last paragraph，“It’s going to be big”，she means that green buildings________.　‎ A．will be more comfortable B．will be more environmentally friendly C．will become popular in future D．will take the place of traditional buildings 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据语境可推知绿色建筑是今后的发展方向，从长远来看将会普及、流行。‎ ‎4．Which is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Dettling designed the first green building in the U．S.‎ 12‎ B．Energy shortage calls for buildings of new design.‎ C．The Solaire serves as a model of high buildings.‎ D．Green buildings help save the environment.‎ 解析：选D。文章大意题。从全文来看，本文主要话题是“绿色建筑有助于环保、节能”。‎ C HIGHFIELD‎ COMPREHENSIVE ‎SCHOOL SCHOOL REPORT Form Teacher：G.Baker　Pupil's Name：Simon Watkins Term：Summer 2015　Form：Ⅳ B Subject Exam Class work Comments English ‎59‎ ‎61‎ Simon has reached a satisfactory standard but now needs to apply himself with more determination.‎ Mathematics ‎77‎ ‎85‎ Sound work and progress throughout the year.Well done！‎ History ‎46‎ ‎53‎ A disappointing exam result.He is unable to give attention to this subject for long.‎ Chemistry ‎78‎ ‎85‎ His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work, but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.‎ Physics ‎86‎ ‎94‎ An excellent term's performance.He goes from strength to strength.A born scientist, I feel.‎ Biology ‎57‎ ‎60‎ This time next year he will be taking the “‎0”‎ exam.He needs to concentrate on the work, not on class 12‎ ‎ conversation.‎ French ‎41‎ ‎46‎ Clearly he didn't bother to revise.His general attitude is far too casual.‎ Physical Education ‎/‎ ‎31‎ Weak.It's time he exercised his body more and his voice less.He should try to work with a team.‎ FORM TEACHER'S REMARKS HEADMASTER Basically satisfactory work and progress though he will now have realized. I hope that in certain subject areas he needs to make speedy improvement.‎ I shall be keeping an eye on his progress in his weaker subjects though his success in the sciences is most pleasing.‎ ‎1.According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon ________.‎ A.is too talkative in the class B.likes to work with his classmates C.doesn't exercise his body at the right time D.becomes weak because he doesn't exercise at all ‎2.Which of Simon's subjects will attract the headmaster's attention in future?‎ A.Biology and Maths.‎ B.History and French.‎ C.English and Chemistry.‎ D.Physics and Physical Education.‎ ‎3.Which of the following statements best describes Simon?‎ A.He has made great progress in language classes.‎ B.His potential has been fully reflected in science classes.‎ C.His grade in maths makes him a born scientist.‎ D.He needs to improve his attitude on certain subjects.‎ 12‎ ‎4.Based on the school report, which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A.Simon didn't bother his teacher to revise French.‎ B.Basically, Simon did a good job in science.‎ C.Simon is a determined learner in English.‎ D.Simon is able to pay attention to history for long.‎ ‎1．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Physical Education老师评语中的“It's time he exercised his body more and his voice less.” 可知Simon上课时身体动的少，爱说话。故选A。‎ ‎2．解析：选B　细节理解题。根据HEADMASTER评语中的“keeping an eye on his progress in his weaker subjects”可知老师希望Simon Watkins关注弱科的进步，并且根据成绩看History和French的分数最低，故选B。‎ ‎3．解析：选D　推理判断题。根据从历史、生物、体育老师的评语可知Simon需要改进学习态度。故选D。‎ ‎4．解析：选B　推理判断题。根据各科成绩及老师的评语可知，Mathematics和Physics的成绩和老师的评价都不错。故选B。‎ D ‎(2016·辽宁丹东名校协作体联考)‎ Building a company website is one of the most important parts of creating a successful business.But designing a website can be timeconsuming and expensive.Web designers are difficult to work with, even though you’re paying them.There are cheaper ways to establish your company online, and Wix.com stands out among them.‎ Wix.com offers free HTML 5 and Flash website design that you can do on your own，without having to pay a pricey web designer.With unlimited space for as many pages as you want, customized looks, photo galleries, blog platform capabilities, and social networking buttons, Wix.com has everything a business of any size needs to make an impact 12‎ ‎ online.You get full control over what information fills in the blanks, and you don’t have to know a thing about HTML to make this work.The way your website looks says a lot about your company.Wix.com does that, and it does it for free.Another thing that makes Wix.com the most affordable option in creating a website is that you don’t have to pay for a separate web host—every page created on Wix.com is hosted on Wix.com, free of charge.‎ ‎ The Internet is the marketplace of ideas: Your company needs to share what you think.If you think just because you don’t sell a product online you don’t need a website, you’re dead wrong.No matter what kind of business you have, if you want to reach an audience, you want to have a website that speaks to people.Wix.com lets you do that as quickly and easily as possible for free.‎ ‎ If you have a bigger budget, Wix.com has more options than just the free website design.You can choose to upgrade(升级)to the adless version which won’t fill up your customers’ screens when they visit your site.But if the most important thing to you is getting your company’s name online right now, try Wix.com today.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了一个网络平台Wix.com，通过该平台人们可以免费或低成本设计公司的网站。‎ ‎1．Wix.com is meant to________.‎ ‎ A．sell products on the Internet ‎ B．attract more customers online ‎ C．build a company’s website cheap ‎ D．collect any possible information 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“There are cheaper ways to establish your company online，and Wix.com stands out among them.”可知，Wix.com用低成本建公司网站。‎ ‎2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ 12‎ ‎ A．Ways of finding free service.‎ ‎ B．Advantages of Wix.com.‎ ‎ C．Skills of creating websites.‎ ‎ D．Tricks of running a company.‎ 解析：选B。段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了Wix.com的优点，如：它可以提供给用户免费的HTML 5和Flash网站设计、无限的网页空间等。‎ ‎3．If you create a company website on Wix.com, you________.　‎ ‎ A．have to be a good web designer ‎ B．won’t do it easily and quickly ‎ C．can share ideas with customers ‎ D．must upgrade to the adless version 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的第一句“The Internet is the marketplace of ideas：Your company needs to share what you think.”及最后两句“No matter what kind...you want to have a website that speaks to people.Wix.com lets you do that as quickly and easily as possible for free.”可知，如果你在 Wix.com上建一个公司网站，你就可以与顾客分享想法。‎ ‎4．What’s the purpose of the text?‎ ‎ A．To teach a budget lesson.‎ ‎ B．To make an advertisement.‎ ‎ C．To present a website design.‎ ‎ D．To introduce a new business.‎ 解析：选B。写作意图题。本文主要是在为Wix.com做广告，介绍它的服务内容及优点，让人们使用该平台。文章的最后一句更明确地表明了作者的写作意图。‎ E ‎ Beijing’s Forbidden City is a place full of wonder. From its thousands of rooms to 12‎ ‎ its many beautiful artifacts, there’s no wonder it’s one of China’s most popular tourist destinations.‎ ‎ But even more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing to serve up surprises. Since it was built during the Ming Dynasty, it’s estimated that the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures aren’t made to survive natural disasters, let alone ones built hundreds of years ago, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to withstand anything.‎ ‎ A recent television documentary by UK broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and engineers were shown building a scale model (成比例模型) of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.‎ ‎ To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. It was subjected to a simulated (模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale – equivalent to the largest ever recorded quake – and survived. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved gently during the test.‎ ‎ According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, as well as other ancient Chinese structures’, lies in dougong– a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings. Despite being held together without any nails or glue, the brackets are perfect at keeping structures together when the weather gets rough.‎ ‎ “Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure, much like the shock absorbers (减震器) of a car,” according to Chinese National Geography.‎ ‎ “Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures that were both enduring and aesthetically (在美学方面) pleasing using dougong, revealing their advanced understanding of mathematics, architecture, materials, and structural science.”‎ ‎ The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.‎ ‎1. What is the article mainly about?‎ 12‎ ‎ A.What has made the Forbidden City a popular tourist destination.‎ ‎ B.What has helped the Forbidden City survive so many earthquakes.‎ ‎ C.The characteristics of Chinese architecture during the Ming Dynasty.‎ ‎ D.A variety of building methods used in ancient Chinese structures.‎ ‎2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “was subjected to” in Paragraph 4?‎ ‎ A. suffered B. was controlled by ‎ C. obeyed D. was affected by ‎3. What was the aim of the test in the UK documentary?‎ ‎ A. To reproduce a real earthquake from the Ming Dynasty.‎ ‎ B. To discover a long-lost Chinese building method ‎ C. To explain the impact of earthquakes on ancient buildings.‎ ‎ D. To prove the strength of ancient Chinese architecture.‎ ‎4. What is “dougong” according to the text?‎ ‎ A. A paint that gives Chinese buildings an attractive look.‎ ‎ B. A tool used by ancient people to measure earth-quakes.‎ ‎ C. Special building parts that keep a traditional Chinese building together,‎ ‎ D. A building piece located in the center of a traditional Chinese house.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。‎ ‎1. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“Dougong design is an important ‎ earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure”可知，紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。‎ ‎3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test.‎ 12‎ ‎ ”可知，测试的目的是证明中国古建筑的抗震性。‎ ‎4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dougong– a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings.”可知，斗拱是连接中国传统建筑物的一个特殊部件。‎ 12‎