2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（10）（含解析） 12页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（10）‎ 李仕才 A ‎(2017·安徽合肥高三质检)‎ Sales Representative—Immediate Hiring Do you like meeting new people? Do you enjoy closing deals every day? Are you looking for a dynamic and high energy industry? THIS COULD BE THE CAREER (职业) FOR YOU !‎ Fast Growing and Very Successful Credit Card Processor is looking for a dynamic outside salesperson to sell credit products and check processing services in the local area.‎ What we need you to do：‎ ‎•Attend 3－5 appointments daily ‎•Sell into smallsized to middlesized businesses ‎•Work closely with the sales manager in Dallas TX (by phone)‎ ‎•Have the ability to manage paperwork We offer：‎ ‎•Medical benefits eligibility(资格) after 90 days ‎•One of the strongest compensation programs in the industry ‎•Monthly bonuses ‎•A jump start bonus of up to $ 750‎ Successful applicants often have experience in customer services, inside sales, outside sales, sales support, management roles, or other customerfacing positions.‎ We are an equal opportunity employer. We do not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or disability.‎ Please reply with a resume today!‎ 12‎ There is a difference. Experience Great Work! We have been serving North East Ohio for more than 20 years with offices located in Akron, Canton, Lakewood, Streetsboro and Wadsworth. Apply online at www. greatwork. cc and make a call to our Lakewood location to discuss our great career opportunity at 4406630050.‎ ‎1．According to the text, the sales representative the company is looking for should________．‎ A．sell into big businesses B．be able to manage paperwork C．meet over 5 customers each day D．see the sales manager in Dallas‎ ‎TX frequently ‎2．If hired, you can ________．‎ A．receive a monthly salary of $ 750‎ B．get a special customerfacing position C．enjoy a strong compensation program D．gain medical benefits eligibility within 90 days ‎3．Which of the following can help you apply successfully?‎ A．The experience in shopping.‎ B．The experience in management.‎ C．The experience of using a credit card.‎ D．The experience of talking with a sales manager.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇招聘广告，招聘销售代表。文章详细介绍了工作内容、工作待遇、应聘者所需条件等。‎ ‎1．B　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Have the ability to manage paperwork”可知，该职位需要销售代表有处理文书工作的能力，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“One of the strongest compensation programs in the industry”可知，该职位可以享受业内非常强大的补偿金项目，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．B　解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Successful applicants often...or other customerfacing positions.”可知，该岗位需要管理经验，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2015·陕西质量检测二)‎ Dear Mr.Wolfson，‎ The purpose of this letter is to inform you of one of our citizens who I believe 12‎ ‎ should receive some special recognition for dedicated(敬业的) community service.The person I recommend is Elizabeth Samuelson.I believe you know her in your position as volunteer coordinator(协调员)．‎ I have known Elizabeth for more than 20 years as both a friend and a neighbor.During that time I have seen her work tirelessly on scores of community projects and committees.As far as I know，she has never received any kind of recognition from the community for her work.I believe she should be given some sort of special recognition.‎ Just last year alone，she worked on at least six different community projects including the Park Renewal Project and the Heritage Homes FundRaising Banquet.In addition，she is a weekly driver for the MealsonWheels program and she visits patients in the care unit on a regular basis.Whenever a project or committee needs her，she will put herself into the work wholeheartedly.I’m sure that if you check with a few of your staff members who have been there over the years，they will confirm Elizabeth’s community service record and probably be able to add many examples to the few I have given here.By the way，Elizabeth has no idea that I am writing this.She is a humble(谦虚的) person，and if she were aware of it，she would not allow me to send it.‎ I thought about writing such a letter about her a number of times in the past but just never took action.Then last week，I noticed in the paper that you sponsor(主办) an annual dinner at which dozens of awards are given out to people with much less community service than Elizabeth.In fact，I checked with her and she has never even been invited to that annual event!‎ 12‎ I urge you to correct that omission(疏忽) now and take action to see that Elizabeth is properly recognized for her many years of silent but outstanding service to this community.‎ Sincerely，‎ Linda Sullivan ‎1．Linda is Elizabeth’s ________．‎ A．friend and colleague　　　 B．neighbor and leader C．neighbor and worker D．friend and neighbor ‎2．From the letter we know that Linda ________ Elizabeth much.‎ A．depends on B．looks down upon C．ignores D．respects ‎3．According to the letter，Elizabeth ________．‎ A．wants to be asked to take part in the annual event B．contributes much to the community C．has been invited to the annual dinner D．has been given a lot of honors ‎4．What can we learn about Mr.Wolfson from the letter?‎ A．He knows Linda quite well.‎ B．He is a careless person.‎ C．He tries something to reward those who have done much community service.‎ D．He tries his best to find Elizabeth and do something to reward her.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。作者写信向Wolfson先生推荐一位多年来默默无闻为社区工作做出杰出贡献的人。‎ 12‎ ‎1．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，作者认识Elizabeth 20多年了，她们既是邻居又是朋友。故选D。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。推理判断题。作者在这封信里称赞Elizabeth为社区工作不求名利、默默奉献并且很谦虚，希望Wolfson先生认可并表彰Elizabeth；由此可推知，她很尊敬Elizabeth。故选D。‎ ‎3．解析：选B。细节理解题。通过作者的介绍可知，Elizabeth在社区兢兢业业工作了20多年，为社区工作做出了贡献，但她却从未受到过表彰，也未被邀请参加社区年会。故选B。‎ ‎4．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第四段第二句中的“Then last week，I noticed in the paper that you sponsor(主办) an annual dinner at which dozens of awards are given out to people”可知，Wolfson先生将举办年会奖励那些为社区工作做出贡献的人。故选C。‎ C Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials—the “nameletter effect”—can have some negative consequences.‎ Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.‎ Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.‎ ‎“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”‎ The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their ‎ 12‎ names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.‎ The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”‎ The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.‎ 文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名－字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。‎ ‎1．The new research is mainly about the relationship between one's ________.‎ A．name and unconsciousness B．name and characteristics C．name and success D．sports and school achievements 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“... new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？‎ A．Miss Smith working as a lawyer.‎ B．Mr. Watt living in Washington.‎ C．Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers.‎ D．Paula Snow fond of the color white.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“... ‘nameletter effect’ causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名－字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。‎ ‎3．The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” ________.‎ A．isn't believed in by many people B．doesn't work with certain names C．does not really exist D．is often too little to show 答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham 12‎ 认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名－字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。‎ D ‎(2015·河南省实验中学检测)‎ Being an astronaut sounds cool，doesn’t it？In space，they get to do some pretty amazing things，like floating in zero gravity.‎ However，there are also plenty of things that astronauts can’t do because of their weightless environment，and that’s very sad.What’s worse，they can’t even let their sadness show—because it’s impossible to cry in zero gravity.‎ Of course，astronauts can still produce tears.But crying is much more difficult in space，reported The Atlantic in January.Without gravity，tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth.This means that when you cry in space，your tears have nowhere to go—they just stick to your eyes.‎ Astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks.“Tears，”he said，“don’t fall off your eyes...They just kind of stay there.”‎ Besides making your vision unclear，this can also cause physical pain.Back on Earth，tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes.But that’s not the case in space.The space environment dries out astronauts’ eyes，and when tears suddenly wet the eyes，it can cause pain rather than comfort.“My right eye is painful like crazy.”Feustel told his teammate during the walk.‎ Since gravity doesn’t work in space，astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears.Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away.Another choice is to just wait—“When the tears get big enough they simply break 12‎ ‎ free of the eye and float around，” astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.‎ There are lots of small things—things like crying—that we are so used to on Earth.We usually take them for granted，until they become a problem in a totally different environment，like space.There，astronauts can’t talk to each other directly.They also can’t eat or drink in normal ways.They can’t even burp(打嗝)，because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach.If they do burp，they just end up throwing up(呕吐) everything in their stomach，according to the UK National Space Center.‎ Thus，perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say，“Gravity，you’re the best.”‎ ‎1．What can we conclude from Paragraphs 2 and 3?‎ A．Astronauts are unable to feel sad in space.‎ B．Astronauts produce fewer tears in space.‎ C．Tears produced in space flow down more slowly.‎ D．Tears produced in space don’t flow downward.‎ ‎2．What effect do tears have on astronauts?‎ A．They cause physical pain.‎ B．They bring comfort to them.‎ C．They make their vision clearer.‎ D．They float around and cause trouble.‎ ‎3．What can the astronaut do to get rid of the tears?‎ A．Rub his eyes against his helmet to let the tears float forward.‎ 12‎ B．Rub his eyes by hand to let the tears float around.‎ C．Get the tears big enough to fall off of his eyes.‎ D．Get the tears big enough to break away from his eyes.‎ ‎4．What’s the last but one paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Suggestions on how astronauts can stay comfortable in space.‎ B．Other basic things that are difficult to do in space.‎ C．Why burping is impossible in space.‎ D．Things that humans can’t do without gravity.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。很多在地球上容易完成的小事，在太空中却难以完成，如流眼泪，打嗝。文章解释了原因并说明了在太空中做这些小事给身体所带来的疼痛。‎ ‎1．解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Without gravity，tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes like they do here on Earth.”可知，由于没有重力，眼泪不会像在地球上那样滚落下来；由此可推知，在太空中时，眼泪不会滚落下来。故D项正确。A、B两项文中未提及；C项与文意相反。‎ ‎2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Besides making your vision unclear，this can also cause physical pain.”可知，在太空中眼泪不仅会使你视力模糊，还会引起疼痛。故A项正确。B、C两项与文意相反；D项文中未提及。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Another choice is to just wait—‘When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eye and float around，’astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.”可知，宇航员除掉眼泪的方法之一是等待泪珠足够大时，它会自行脱离眼睛而向周围飘散，故D项正确，C项错误；根据该段第二句“Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away.”可知A、B两项错误。‎ ‎4．解析：选B。段落大意题。通读该段内容可知，该段的主题句是第一、二句“There are 12‎ ‎ lots of small things...We usually take them for granted，until they become a problem in a totally different environment，like space.”，由此可知，该段主要介绍了一些在太空中难以完成的小事。故B项正确。‎ E In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.‎ Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.‎ As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they teach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.‎ A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.‎ ‎1.Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ______.‎ A. should be avoided B.is universal among parents C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child 12‎ D. will make him lose interest in learning new things ‎2.In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents ______.‎ A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B. should not expect too much of them C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible ‎3.The second paragraph mainly tells us that ______.‎ A. parents should be strict with their children B. parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always intended for the benefit of the children alone D. parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation ‎4.In moral matters, parents should _______.‎ A. observe the rules themselves B.be aware of the marked difference between adults and children C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality D. consistently ensure the security of their children ‎ 【文章大意】在孩子的成长过程中，父母的教育与期望值要有一个“度”，不能揠苗助长；同时，父母也要以身作则，为孩子树立一个榜样。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头的“In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill”可知，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在父母中就是普遍的，故选B。‎ 12‎ ‎3.C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段的大意是“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。故选C。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“If they are not sincere and do not practice…”及文章最后一段可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，做孩子的好榜样，故选A。‎ 12‎